Extra allowances to the successful party in a litigation are regulated by statute, and must be governed strictly by the provisions of the law authorizing them. Among the cases in which it is provided that they may be granted are "difficult and extraordinary cases," and in this respect this case is within the provisions of the statute. The amount of such allowance cannot in any case exceed the sum of $2,000, and is further limited to a sum not exceeding five per centum *Page 404 "upon the sum recovered, or claimed, or the value of the subject-matter involved." (§ 3253, Code of Civil Pro.) This section plainly contemplates a litigation wherein rights of property are involved and values may be predicated of the subject and limits the allowance to a percentage upon the pecuniary value of the subject. Within these limitations the power of the court below to make allowances is not subject to review in this court, but when they exceed them, an appeal presents a question of law for our consideration.
In the present case no sum having been claimed or recovered by either party, the right to an allowance is based altogether upon the value of the subject-matter involved in the action.
In the determination of this question the pleadings furnish the sole evidence as to what was the subject-matter involved, and the value of such matter can be arrived at only by competent evidence tending to establish the fact.
The language of the statute is plain and unambiguous and cannot be strained by construction to cover cases not within its terms. The importance of a litigation in any other than its pecuniary aspects does not afford the basis of an extra allowance, and although a litigation may seem to come within the spirit of the provisions if the subject involved is not capable of a money value, or the value is not shown, an allowance is not authorized. (People v. Albany and Susquehanna R.R. Co., 5 Lans. 35.) It is apparent that the word involved is used in a legal sense, and means the possession, ownership or title to property or other valuable thing which is to be determined by the result of the action. It does not mean the property which may be either directly or remotely affected by the result, as such a rule would from its vagueness, and uncertainty be impracticable in application. The cases uniformly seem to sustain this view.
Thus in an action to determine the validity of a lease of a railroad, which involved the right to its possession and use, it was held that the subject-matter involved was the value of the lease and not of the railroad or its rental value. (O. L.C.R.R. Co. v. Vt. C.R.R. Co., 63 N.Y. 176.) In an action by *Page 405 a legatee to compel an accounting by an executor and the distribution of the estate, it was held that the value of the legatee's interest was the subject-matter involved, and as the estate proved to be insufficient to pay more than the debts, an allowance was held unauthorized. (Weaver v. Ely, 83 N.Y. 89.)
Where a party instituted an action to establish his right to one-quarter of the value of a lease of real estate belonging to a firm of which he claimed to be a member, it was held that the value of the quarter sued for was the only basis for an allowance. (Struthers v. Pearce, 51 N.Y. 365.) A case which seems to be particularly in point occurred in the Atlantic DockCo. v. Libby (45 N.Y. 499). The action was to prevent the use of certain premises in Brooklyn for the prosecution of a certain business, and to recover $1,000 damages. The premises were appraised as of the value of $50,000, and an allowance of $500 was granted. It was held that the value of the premises affected by the action was not the subject-matter involved, and the order making the allowance was reversed. The value of an easement to "freedom of air, light, and vision" for certain premises were held to be the subject-matter involved in an action to sustain the infringement of such a right secured by covenant. (Lattimer v. Livermore, 72 N.Y. 174.) These authorities seem controlling in this case. The action was brought to restrain the defendant from continuing in the exercise of its corporate functions on account of certain alleged violations of law committed by it. The effect of a recovery by the plaintiff would have been the forfeiture of its chartered privileges and the distribution of its property among those who were then and are now legally entitled to it upon dissolution. It contemplated a present instead of a future distribution. It sought only to accomplish the extinguishment of its right to continue business in a corporate capacity. It did not ask for or contemplate any change in the eventual proprietary rights existing in the property held in the corporate name. While the naked legal title was in the corporation, all rights of ownership in equity belonged to its *Page 406 creditors and stockholders. The retention of the corporate franchise simply continued the right to carry on its corporate business. This right might or might not have been valuable. There is no evidence on the subject. We are not aware of any rule of presumption as to the value of a corporate franchise. It is a thing capable of appraisal, and ascertainable by evidence, and is frequently made the subject of taxation by the sovereign power. It is a right separate and distinct from the capital and moneyed assets of a corporation, and as to the value of which they furnish no evidence. It was this franchise alone which was the subject-matter involved in this litigation, and which was thereby determined, and whose value can be used in determining the amount of an allowance of costs.
The order granting an extra allowance in the absence of proof as to any value in such franchise was erroneous, and it should be reversed, with costs.
All concur.
Order reversed.