From conviction in the Criminal District Court of Harris County of manslaughter, with punishment fixed at two years in the penitentiary, this appeal is taken.
The principal complaint in this case is of a part of the charge submitting the issue of provoking a difficulty. Said charge is as follows:
"You are instructed that under the law no person can bring on a difficulty for the purpose of taking the life of his adversary or doing him serious bodily injury and then justify himself under the law of self-defense; and in this case if you believe from the evidence, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant provoked a difficulty with the deceasd by firing on the deceased with a pistol, then he could not claim the right of self-defense."
This was excepted to.
The facts is this case justified a charge on the issue of provoking a difficulty. The acts and words of appellant — stopping his car as he did — accosting the deceased in the manner and with the language used — the use and display of a pistol, etc., preceding the attack upon him by deceased, defending against which he claimed the right to shoot and kill deceased — were circumstances which, under a proper submission of the issue of provoking the difficulty, might be determined by the jury as supporting the conclusion that in what he said and did appellant intended to provoke deceased to attack him so as to have a pretext to kill the latter.
The charge given on this subject, however, is open to objection. The court was submitting the law of self-defense *Page 72 and instructing the jury as to appellant's rights in that regard. A consideration of the facts suggest that if deceased was attacking appellant, as the latter claimed, it was because of the acts and conduct of appellant before deceased got an axe and advanced upon appellant. If this theory was true and the words, acts and conduct of appellant resulted from an intention on his part to thus provoke an attack to be used as a pretext for killing deceased, then and in that event he could not justify on the ground of self-defense. The court apparently undertook to so tell the jury, but wholly failed to take into account the question of the intention of appellant, and further assumed to select one act of appellant, i. e., the firing of a pistol, and told the jury that if by this act appellant provoked a difficulty he would have no right of self-defense. We perceive no reason for believing that appellant fired the pistol to provoke a difficulty. Appellant's contention was that the firing of the pistol was his first act of self-defense, and the State's testimony showed that same was his first active act of offense after the use of the words and conduct which might be deemed provocative. If the words and acts of appellant preceding the firing of the pistol were not intended to provoke the difficulty, then the issue of provoking a difficulty is not in this case. We suggest the doubtful propriety of attempting to vary from established precedents in charging upon issues often discussed and before this court. This court has in many cases laid down what it deems correct charges in this regard. Matthews v. State, 42 Tex.Crim. Rep.; Tardy v. State,47 Tex. Crim. 444; Roberson v. State, 83 Tex. Crim. 238; Woodward v. State, 54 Tex.Crim. Rep.; Prescott v. State, 54 Tex.Crim. Rep.; Gray v. State, 61 Tex. Crim. 454.
The other errors complained of do not appear to us to be serious.
The judgment will be reversed and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded. *Page 73