Defendants in error brought an action against plaintiff in error G.J. Thomason to try the title to 1377 acres of land in Stephens County and to secure the cancellation of two conveyances thereto, executed by defendants in error to plaintiff in error G.J. Thomason. One of the grounds on which the suit was brought was that whatever rights were acquired under said conveyances had been lost by abandonment. Y.L. Thomason and G.W. Thomason intervened, having acquired two thirds of the interest of G.J. Thomason. The jury found for defendants in error on the issue of abandonment and the judgment was affirmed by the El Paso Court of Civil Appeals. 242 S.W. 525.
We have carefully examined the pleadings, which are challenged, and think defendants in error alleged facts entitling them to a decree cancelling the conveyances, if the estates conveyed were such as to be lost by abandonment.
Since our disposition of the case is governed by our construction of these conveyances, we copy them as follows:
"Know all men by these presents: That we, M.F. Ham and wife, Lizziebeth Ham, of Stephens County, Texas, the party of the first part, in consideration of the sum of $1.00 paid by G.J. Thomason, parties of the second part the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and the further consideration hereinafter mentioned:
"HAVE GRANTED, BARGAINED, SOLD AND CONVEYED and do by these presents, Grant, Sell and convey unto the parties of the second part their heirs and assigns, all of the coal, oil and gas and other minerals in and under the following described land, together with the right of ingress and egress at all times for the purpose of drilling, mining and operating for minerals, and to conduct all operations and to lay all pipes and railway necessary for the production, *Page 244 mining and the transportation of the coal, oil, gas, water or other minerals, and shall have the right to remove all machinery, fixtures and improvements placed thereon at any time, reserving, however, to the parties of the first part their proportionate part of cash dividends which shall be determined by the number of shares of stock owned by them, and such payment made quarterly without demand, said land being described as follows:
"1. 557 acres patented by the State of Texas to Sarah Blythe, Pat. 162, Vol. 21, dated July 3, 1875, same being situated in Stephens County, Texas, and more particularly described by Deed Records of said County.
"2. 516 acres — all of Section No. Nine (9) in Blk. No. Seven (7) S.P.R.R. Co. lands being situated in Stephens County, Texas, same being more particularly described by Deed Records of said County.
"(Containing 1073 acres, more or less).
"TO HAVE AND TO HOLD THE ABOVE DESCRIBED PREMISES unto the said parties of the second part, their heirs and assigns, upon the following conditions: In case operations for either the drilling of a well for coal, oil, gas, mining or other minerals is not commenced and prosecuted with due diligence within 15 months from this date on the above described premises, or on one or more of their leases owned by parties of the second part, then the second party agrees to pay to the first party the sum of ten per cent per annum on the par value of each dollar of stock owned by first party; it being agreed that the first party is to take shares of the capital stock of Diamond Coal, Oil and Gas Company at par value as payment of the above named 10 per cent until such well or shaft is commenced; and it is agreed that the completion of such well or opening up one mine, gas or oil well, shall be and operate as a full liquidation of all rental under this provision during the remainder of the term of this lease. Such payments will be made direct to the holder of said stock.
"In case the parties of the second part should bore and discover either coal, oil, gas or other minerals, then and in that event this grant, incumbrance or conveyance shall be in full force and effect for twenty years from the time of the discovery of said products, and as much longer as coal, oil, gas, water or other minerals can be produced in paying quantities thereon.
"Whenever sales are being made of the product on the land above described, such sales shall be added to the sale of the product from all leases owned by the parties of the second part, and a settlement thereof shall be made at the end of each quarter.
"And it is further agreed that the second parties, their heirs and assigns may at any time hereafter surrender up this grant and be relieved from any part of the contract heretofore entered into that may at that time remain unfulfilled, then and from thereafter this *Page 245 grant shall be null and void, and no longer binding on either party. It is understood between the parties to this agreement that all conditions between the parties hereunto shall extend to their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns.
"Witness our hands this 18th day of August, A.D., 1909."
"Know all men by these presents: That M.F. Ham and wife, Lizziebeth Ham, of Stephens County, Texas, party of the first part, in consideration of the sum of $1.00 paid by G.J. Thomason, parties of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and the further consideration hereinafter mentioned;
"HAVE GRANTED, BARGAINED, SOLD AND CONVEYED, and by these presents Grant, Bargain, Sell and convey unto the parties of the second part, their heirs and assigns, all of the coal, oil and gas and other minerals in and under the following described land, together with the right of ingress and egress at all times for the purposes of drilling, mining and operating for minerals, and to conduct all operations, and to lay all pipes and railway necessary for the production, mining and the transportation of the coal, oil, gas, water or other minerals, and shall have the right to remove all machinery, fixtures, and improvements placed thereon at any time, reserving however, to the parties of the first part their part of the cash dividends 1/10 and such payment made quarterly without demand. Said land being described as follows, to-wit:
"304 acres out of Abstract No. 2946, 866 sq. vrs. granted to Sarah Blythe by Letters Patent No. 161, Vol. 21, dated July 3rd, 1875, same being situated in Stephens County, Texas, and particularly described by deed records of said County, containing (304) Three Hundred and Four acres, more or less.
"TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the above described premises unto the said parties of the second part, their heirs and assigns upon the following conditions: In case operations for either the drilling of a well for coal, oil, gas, mining or other minerals is not commenced and prosecuted with due diligence within 15 months from this date on the above described premises, this contract is null and void.
"In case the parties of the second part should bore and discover either coal, oil, gas or other minerals, then and in that event this grant, encumbrance or conveyance shall be in full force and effect for twenty years from the time of the discovery of said product, and as much longer as coal, oil, gas, water or other minerals can be produced in paying quantities thereon.
"Whenever sales are being made of the product on the land above described, such sales shall be added to the sales of the products, from all leases owned by the parties of the second part, and a settlement thereof shall be made at the end of each quarter. *Page 246
"It is further agreed that the second parties, their heirs, and assigns, may at any time hereafter surrender up this grant, and be relieved from any part of the contract heretofore entered into that may at that time remain unfulfilled, then and from thereafter this grant shall be null and void, and no longer binding on either party.
"It is understood between the parties to this agreement that all conditions between the parties hereunto shall extend to their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns.
"Witness our hands this 18th day of August, A.D., 1909."
The grants are of minerals in place but for the single purpose "of drilling, mining and operating for minerals." Each grant, for the purposes stated, is to endure for twenty years from the discovery of minerals and as much longer as the same can be produced in paying quantities. Moreover, each grant appears to expressly authorize the exercise of the right to abandon the enterprise by providing that "the second parties, their heirs and assigns may at any time hereafter surrender up this grant and be relieved from any part of the contract heretofore entered into that may at that time remain unfulfilled, then and fromthereafter this grant shall be null and void and no longerbinding on either party. Such grants plainly cannot endure after their voluntary relinquishment by abandonment. Regardless of this express surrender clause, we held today that estates vesting under grants for the sole purpose of mineral development, made in view of promised royalties, were limited to the time the grantees and their assigns were pursuing the essential purposes and objects of the grant, and that abandonment of such contracts and of the mineral operations thereby required necessarily deprived the grantees therein and their assigns of any further claim to minerals or land. The principle is applicable and controlling in preventing Thomason or his assigns from having any title in or to the minerals or land in controversy, after abandonment of the mining operations. Stephens County v. Mid-Kansas Oil Gas Co.,113 Tex. 160; The Texas Company v. Davis,113 Tex. 321; Munsey v. Marnet Oil Gas Co.,113 Tex. 212; Robinson v. Jacobs, 113 Tex. 231.
The following excerpt from an opinion of the New Jersey Court of Chancery seems pertinent to the instruments executed by defendant in error, especially in view of their voluntary surrender clause, towit:
"If we pay any attention to the general design of the instrument, the nature of the property which was the subject matter of the arrangement, the situation and relation of the parties, and the character of the privilege granted, it is impossible to believe that Williams intended to give to Rude an exclusive and irrevocable privilege to take ore from his lands, which Rude might exercise or not, just as he pleased, and if he chose not to exercise it, that his arbitrary choice in the matter should have the effect of preventing Williams, *Page 247 forever, from developing the mineral resources of his land. Williams' object was undoubtedly just the reverse of this. His purpose was to have his land explored and their mineral resources developed, not to grant a privilege which could be used to clog their development. That Rude understood that this was Williams' purpose, I think there can be no doubt. The discovery and mining of ore was manifestly the design of both parties, and their contract relations and duties were to cease when that purpose was abandoned." East Jersey Iron Co. v. Wright, 32 N.J. Eq. 256, 257.
Finding no error in the judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals, it is affirmed.
Affirmed.