IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 14-0560
Filed July 27, 2016
STATE OF IOWA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
ERIC THOMPSON,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Todd A. Geer,
Judge.
The defendant appeals from his convictions for manufacturing a controlled
substance (methamphetamine), possession of ephedrine and/or
pseudoephedrine with intent to manufacture a controlled substance, possession
of lithium with intent to manufacture a controlled substance, and eluding.
AFFIRMED.
John P. Beauvais Jr. of Deck Law, L.L.P., Sioux City, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kristin A. Guddall, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Mullins and McDonald, JJ.
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POTTERFIELD, Presiding Judge.
Eric Thompson appeals from his convictions for manufacturing a
controlled substance (methamphetamine), possession of ephedrine and/or
pseudoephedrine with intent to manufacture a controlled substance, possession
of lithium with intent to manufacture a controlled substance, and eluding.
Thompson maintains the district court abused its discretion when it admitted an
exhibit containing his past purchases of pseudoephedrine. He also maintains he
received ineffective assistance from trial counsel.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
On July 4, 2013, Thompson led officers on a chase—first in their squad
cars and later on foot. After he was apprehended, the officers found several
items in the trunk of Thompson’s vehicle that led them to believe he was
manufacturing methamphetamine. The items included a propane tank with
plastic tubing attached, drain cleaner, table salt, coffee filters, a plastic container
with a residue, and a glass jar with residue. Later, the officer transporting
Thompson to jail noticed he was moving a lot in the backseat, possibly
attempting to remove items from his pockets. After Thompson was removed
from the vehicle, the officer found two small plastic bags—one containing a
substance which was later tested and determined to include pseudoephedrine—
and two lithium batteries.
At Thompson’s jury trial, several officers testified as to the apprehension
of Thompson and the recovered items, as well as the items necessary to
manufacture methamphetamine. One officer testified about the National
Precursor Log Exchange, which is a national database used to track individual’s
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purchases of pseudoephedrine. The State moved to admit a printout from the
database as an exhibit. The exhibit listed Thompson’s purchases of
pseudoephedrine in the approximately seven months leading up to his arrest,
including a purchase on the day of his arrest. Thompson objected as to the
relevance of the exhibit, and it was admitted over his objection. Once the exhibit
was admitted, the State questioned the officer about the purchases as well as the
attempted purchases on the list, and the officer testified about each without
objection from Thompson.
Following the close of evidence, the jury returned guilty verdicts for each
of the charged offenses except possession of anhydrous ammonia with intent to
manufacture a controlled substance. Thompson admitted to being an habitual
offender.
In March 2014, Thompson was sentenced to a term of incarceration not to
exceed forty-five years for each of the manufacturing convictions and a term not
to exceed fifteen years for the eluding conviction. The sentences were ordered
to run concurrently. Thompson appeals.
II. Standard of Review
We review the district court’s evidentiary rulings for an abuse of discretion.
State v. Rodriguez, 636 N.W.2d 234, 239 (Iowa 2001).
Because claims of ineffective assistance have their basis in the
constitution, we review de novo. State v. Willis, 696 N.W.2d 20, 22 (Iowa 2005).
We normally preserve claims of ineffective assistance for postconviction-relief
actions. Id. “That is particularly true where the challenged actions of counsel
implicate trial tactics or strategy which might be explained in a record fully
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developed to address those issues.” State v. Rubino, 602 N.W.2d 558, 563
(Iowa 1999).
III. Discussion
A. Admission of Evidence
Thompson maintains the district court abused its discretion when, over his
objection, it admitted the State’s exhibit containing a list of Thompson’s
purchases of pseudoephedrine in the seven months leading up to his arrest. He
argues the past purchases were not relevant or, in the alternative, were unduly
prejudicial.
Relevant evidence is “evidence having any tendency to make the
existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action
more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.” Iowa R.
Evid. 5.401. “Evidence which is not relevant is not admissible.” Iowa R. Evid.
5.402. Typically, we conduct a two-step inquiry to determine whether challenged
evidence is admissible. See Graber v. City of Ankeny, 616 N.W.2d 633, 638
(Iowa 2000). We ask “(1) is the evidence relevant? and (2) if so, is its probative
value substantially outweighed by the danger of prejudice or confusion?” Id.
However, here, after the written report was admitted, Officer Nick Berry
testified about the contents of the exhibit in-depth without objection from
Thompson. Thus, even if the report was admitted in error, it was only cumulative
to other testimony properly in the record, and it is not grounds for reversal. See
e.g., State v. Trudo, 253 N.W.2d 101, 107–08 (Iowa 1977) (“[O]rdinarily, a
defendant may not claim prejudice where the same evidence is otherwise
supplied by the defendant or is made overwhelmingly clear in the record.”); State
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v. Jurgenson, 225 N.W.2d 310, 312 (Iowa 1975) (“[E]rror in the admission of
evidence is not prejudicial where substantially the same evidence is in the record
without objection.”); Estrella v. State, 133 N.W.2d 97, 101 (Iowa 1965) (“We are
not convinced the order of the testimony makes any great difference when the
substance of the hearsay testimony is substantially the same as that properly
presented in the trial by a competent witness.”); In re Estate of Hettinga, 514
N.W.2d 727, 733 (Iowa Ct. App. 1994) (“Evidence which is cumulative, which
only corroborates other evidence properly in the record, does not constitute
reversible error.”).
B. Ineffective Assistance
Thompson maintains he received ineffective assistance from trial counsel,
but he concedes that the record on appeal is not adequate for our review. As
such, we preserve his claims for further development of the record. See State v.
Johnson, 784 N.W.2d 192, 198 (Iowa 2010) (“[The defendant] does not request
that his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel be resolved on direct appeal,
as he acknowledges further development of the record on this issue is
necessary. Therefore, consistent with [his] right under section 814.7(1) to forego
raising his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim on direct appeal and as
required by section 814.7(3), we preserve the issue of trial counsel's ineffective
assistance . . . for a postconviction-relief proceeding.”).
We affirm Thompson’s convictions and preserve his claims of ineffective
assistance for possible future proceedings.
AFFIRMED.