IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 16-1062
Filed August 17, 2016
IN THE INTEREST OF H.T.,
Minor child,
H.T., Father,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Story County, Stephen A. Owen,
District Associate Judge.
A father appeals the adjudication of his son to be in need of assistance.
AFFIRMED.
Kimberly A. Voss-Orr of Law Office of Kimberly A. Voss-Orr, Ames, for
appellant father.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Daniela Matasovic of Matasovic Law Firm, Ames, for appellee mother.
Pat Peters of Payer, Hunziker, Rhodes & Peters, L.L.P., Ames, for minor
child.
Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Vaitheswaran and McDonald, JJ.
2
VOGEL, Presiding Judge.
There is a line between disciplining a child and abusing a child. The father
of a twelve-year-old boy crossed that line, causing bodily injury to his son. For
that reason, we agree with the district court and affirm the determination the child
is in need of assistance.
On May 9, 2016, the child, H.T., born 2003, was adjudicated to be a child
in need of assistance (CINA) under Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(b) and (c)(2)
(2015),1 with a dispositional order entered on June 7. The adjudication came
after what the district court determined was a long period of physical abuse. The
father was very strict with his son, demanding high levels of performance in all
areas of his education. In particular, the father insisted the child learn the
father’s native Chinese language and culture. While admirable in his lofty goals
for his son, the father used harsh means to force the son’s obedience. For
example, the father would lay a plank of wood next to the child as a reminder to
the child he would be struck with the plank if he did not study according to the
father’s demands. The child was frequently beaten with the plank, a thick
wooden dowel, or a stiff plastic ruler so hard that the instruments would leave
1
Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(b) and (c)(2) define a child in need of assistance as:
an unmarried child:
....
b. Whose parent, guardian, other custodian, or other member of
the household in which the child resides has physically abused or
neglected the child, or is imminently likely to abuse or neglect the child.
c. Who has suffered or is imminently likely to suffer harmful effects
as a result of any of the following:
....
(2) The failure of the child’s parent, guardian, custodian, or other
member of the household in which the child resides to exercise a
reasonable degree of care in supervising the child.
3
bruising. The mother attempted many times to intervene, only to find herself on
the receiving end of the father’s assaultive behavior. Unable to restrain the
father so as to protect the child, the mother contacted the Iowa Department of
Human Services for assistance. On March 5, 2016, the father had once again
struck the child, this time leaving a hematoma, or “goose egg,” as the mother
described the injury, on the child’s head. The father was arrested and charged
with child endangerment resulting in bodily injury, under Iowa Code section
726.6(6). A no-contact order issued in the criminal proceeding, keeping the child
safe in the home yet away from the presence of the father.2 Following the
juvenile dispositional hearing, the father appealed.
Our review of the evidence in a CINA proceeding is de novo. In re B.B.,
500 N.W.2d 9, 11 (Iowa 1993).
The father asserts his harsh methods of “discipline” are in accord with the
way he was raised, consistent with his rural Chinese cultural norms. Therefore,
he asserts the State failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence the child
was physically abused or the father had failed to exercise a reasonable degree of
care in supervising the child. The mother, also a native of China, disagreed,
claiming the father suffers from depression and anger issues.
Shortly before the March 5 incident, the child sent a text message to his
mother stating: “I think today might be when I die. I hate that sorry excuse for a
dad so much. He said held [sic] beat me to death with a plank, and he hit me
continually and threatened to kill me.”
2
The dispositional order indicated the no-contact order would likely be modified to allow
supervised visitation between the child and the father.
4
The district court concluded the message had been accurately interpreted
by the mother as a cry for help. The court also found:
The father has terrorized and physically abused the child over the
course of time. He has admitted to the abuse, but denies
responsibility as an attempt to justify it. The father’s justification
that the abuse is culturally based or is somehow otherwise inflicted
as discipline or correction to motivate other behaviors by the child is
not supported by the facts of this case.
Iowa “recognizes parents have a right to inflict corporal punishment on
their child, but that right is restricted by moderation and reasonableness.” State v
Arnold, 543 N.W.2d 600, 603 (Iowa 1996). The punishment crosses the line from
corrective to abusive, when the amount of force used is excessive, when
considering the child’s “age, physical condition, and other characteristics of a
child as well as with the gravity of the child’s misconduct.” Id.
We agree in this case the father’s actions crossed the line. We therefore
conclude the district court was correct in finding the State had proved by clear
and convincing evidence the grounds under Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(b) and
(c)(2), specifically that the father “physically abused” the child and failed “to
exercise a reasonable degree of care in supervising the child.”
AFFIRMED.
In the Interest of H.T., Minor Child, H.T., Father
Combined Opinion