ACCEPTED
03-14-00079-CV
3772626
THIRD COURT OF APPEALS
AUSTIN, TEXAS
1/14/2015 4:25:40 PM
JEFFREY D. KYLE
CLERK
CASE NO. 03-14-00079-CV
__________________________________________________________________
FILED IN
3rd COURT OF APPEALS
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE AUSTIN, TEXAS
THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS1/14/2015 4:25:40 PM
__________________________________________________________________
JEFFREY D. KYLE
Clerk
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department,
Appellant.
vs.
Nancy Gallacher,
Appellee,
__________________________________________________________________
On Interlocutory Appeal from the 250th Judicial District of Travis County, Texas
__________________________________________________________________
APPELLEE’S MOTION FOR REHEARING
__________________________________________________________________
HOWARD & KOBELAN
Logan Howard
Texas Bar No. 24069952
Derek A. Howard
Texas Bar No. 10064600
100 Congress Avenue, Ste. 1720
Austin, Texas 78701
(512) 480-9300
(512) 480-9374 facsimile
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
January 14, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................i
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................................................................................... ii
ISSUES PRESENTED FOR REVIEW ..................................................................... 1
I. ISSUE ONE:.......................................................................................... 1
Whether the Court of Appeals erred in holding that the trial court
lacked subject matter jurisdiction over Gallacher’s retaliation claim
because she did not present evidence supporting a prima facie case of
retaliation under the TCHRA.
A) Gallacher has presented evidence to show that TPWD
departed from its policies and procedures.
B) Gallacher has presented evidence to show a “very close”
temporal proximity between her protected activity and the
adverse employment action against her.
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES ........................................................................ 2
PRAYER .................................................................................................................. 10
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE ....................................................................... 11
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................ 12
i
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Cases:
Ackel v. National Communications, Inc.,
339 F.3d 376 (5th Cir. 2003) ..................................................................... 8, 10
Anderson v. Coors Brewing Co.,
181 F.3d 1171 (10th Cir.1999) ........................................................................ 8
Bland Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Blue
34 S.W.3d 547 (Tex.2000) .............................................................................. 9
Gee v. Principi,
289 F.3d 342 (5th Cir. 2002) ........................................................................... 8
Long v. Eastfield Coll.,
88 F.3d 300 (5th Cir.1996) ............................................................................ 10
Pardo-Kronemann v. Jackson,
541 F.Supp.2d 210 (D.D.C. 2008) aff’d in part, rev’d in part on other
grounds, 601 F.3d 599 (D.C.Cir.2010) ........................................................... 9
San Antonio Water System v. Nicholas.,
441 S.W.3d 382 (Tex.App.-San Antonio, 2013) ............................................. 9
Tex. Dep’t. of Parks and Wildlife v. Miranda,
133 S.W.3d 217 (Tex. 2004) ....................................................................... 2, 5
ii
CASE NO. 03-14-00079-CV
__________________________________________________________________
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE
THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS
__________________________________________________________________
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department,
Appellant.
vs.
Nancy Gallacher,
Appellee,
__________________________________________________________________
TO THE HONORABLE THIRD COURT OF APPEALS:
COMES NOW, Appellee, Nancy Gallacher (hereinafter “Gallacher”,
“Plaintiff”, or “Appellee”), and respectfully submits this Motion for Rehearing
pursuant to Tex.R.App.P. 49.1 and would show the Court the following:
ISSUE PRESENTED FOR REVIEW
Issue No. 1: Whether the Court of Appeals erred in holding that the trial court
lacked subject matter jurisdiction over Gallacher’s retaliation claim
because she did not present evidence supporting a prima facie case
of retaliation under the TCHRA. More specifically, the Court
ignored relevant evidence and incorrectly found (a) that TPWD did
not depart from its policies and procedures and (b) that “Gallacher’s
‘mere temporal proximity’ argument is insufficient to show a causal
link existed between protected activity she engaged in and an
adverse employment action against her.”
1
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES
While this Court has correctly stated the elements of a prima facie claim of
retaliation, Appellee contends that the Court has misstated relevant facts and,
therefore, misapplied the law.
Gallacher has produced sufficient evidence to support a prima facie claim of
retaliation under the TCHRA
First, Gallacher would argue that the Court has exceeded its role in reviewing
the trial court’s denial of TPWD’s plea to the jurisdiction. The Court is to “take as
true all evidence favorable to the nonmovant, indulging every reasonable inference
and resolving any doubts in the nonmovant’s favor.” Texas Department of Parks
and Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 228 (Tex.2004). Here, the Court did not
adhere to this standard of review.
Gallacher has produced sufficient evidence to establish the causation element
of her retaliation claim by showing that TPWD departed from its policies and
procedures.
The Court’s Opinion states that “[w]hether to approve the 320 hours of
sick-pool leave that Gallacher requested was a decision left to Wagner’s discretion,
and simply requesting that leave did not automatically entitle Gallacher to approval
of it. While the Court is technically correct in stating that Wagner’s actions were
“not prohibited by TPWD’s policies and procedures”, there is no fact in evidence to
2
suggest that the decision was actually within “Wagner’s discretion” or actually
authorized in TPWD’s policies and procedures.
The Sick Leave Pool Request and Authorization form is to be filled out by
the employee. SCR 246. The top portion of the form states “I hereby request
_____ hours from the Sick Leave Pool.” CR 61-62. It then contains an
“Employee Certification” and a place for the employee to sign the form. Id. The
document clearly indicates that it is the employee, and not the employee’s
supervisor, who is supposed to fill out the top half of the form. The supervisor is to
sign the “Recommendation from supervisor” stating that “this employee is meeting
job performance standards, observing TPWD policies and has properly managed
use of his/her sick leave. I recommend approval of this request.” Id. Nowhere
in the TPWD Sick Leave Pool Policy or on the Sick Leave Pool Request and
Authorization does it state that the supervisor has the authority to alter the
employee’s request, or make the final decision as to whether or not to grant or deny
the employee’s request. Yet Wagner made the decision to alter Gallacher’s
request, admittedly without notifying Gallacher or any other TPWD employee, and
unilaterally denied her request. SCR 87; 175-177. It is Gallacher’s contention
that TPWD Policy permits a supervisor to have input in an employee’s request for
3
Sick Leave Pool, but does not impart on that supervisor the authority to ultimately
make the decision.
Appellee argues that the ambiguity in TPWD’s policies and procedures,
along with the testimony of Wagner, should be a fact issue to be considered by a
jury. It is clear that the TPWD policies and procedures concerning sick leave pool
do not specifically authorize a supervisor to alter a sick leave pool request form or
ultimately approve or deny an employee’s request for sick leave pool. To the
contrary, the TPWD policies and procedures do specifically state that it is the Sick
Leave Pool Administrator, Rebecca Gonzales, who has the authority to approve or
deny the sick leave pool request. Additionally, the following is an excerpt from
Wagner’s deposition:
Q: Is it still your belief that you have the authority to
alter an employee’s sick leave pool request?
Ms. Connor: Objection, form.
A: I didn’t think about it.
Q: Well, after reviewing this policy, is that still your
belief?
Ms. Connor: Objection, form.
A: Probably not, no.
4
SCR 176-177 at 69-70. After reviewing the TPWD policy regarding sick leave
pool requests, Wagner admitted that he did not believe that he had the authority to
alter an employee’s sick leave pool request as he did with Gallacher. Additionally,
Ms. Gonzales even testified that had Gallacher’s request been submitted with the
320 hours of sick leave pool she was requesting, there was “nothing that would have
prevented her from granting the full 320 hours. CR 102 at 29; SCR 244-247.
TPWD also submitted the following position to the EEOC in response to the
EEOC’s request for TPWD to “[e]xplain why Mr. Wagner determined how many
hours Ms. Gallacher would be granted”:
“it is the [Sick Leave Pool] administrator’s responsibility
to determine the employee’s eligibility to withdraw time
from the SLP, including verifying that the employee is
suffering from a catastrophic illness or injury and has
exhausted all accrued available leave…”
CR 127. By TPWD’s own admission, it is not the decision of the employee’s
supervisor to make.
The Texas Supreme Court has held that if the evidence creates a fact
question, the court cannot grant a plea to the jurisdiction. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d
217, at 228. Gallacher is only required to show that there is a disputed material
5
fact, and the Court must take as true all evidence favorable to Gallacher and resolve
any doubts in her favor. Id. Clearly, the evidence is not undisputed and there
remains a fact question as to whether or not Wagner had the authority to unilaterally
alter and deny Gallacher’s sick leave pool request form without notifying Gallacher
or Ms. Gonzales.
Gallacher has produced sufficient evidence to establish the causation element
of her retaliation claim by showing the “very close” temporal proximity
between her protected activity and the adverse employment action against
her.
The Court’s Opinion further states that “[t]he only remaining basis for
Gallacher’s causation argument is the three-month period between her complaint to
Lopp about Wagner and the termination of her employment.” The “three-month”
period cited by the Court is a gross mischaracterization of the time frame that the
Court should be considering for Gallacher’s retaliation claim. While
approximately three-months elapsed between the date that Gallacher complained to
Jim Lopp and her last day of employment, the facts clearly show that far less time
passed between the date that Wagner was actually made aware of Gallacher’s
complaint and the date on which he decided to terminate Gallacher. It is this latter
time frame that should have been considered by the Court in its review.
6
The following is the timeline of events relevant to Gallacher’s retaliation claim:
September 2010 – Gallacher complained to TPWD Deputy Director
Jim Lopp about alleged discriminatory treatment of her by Wagner.
CR 120-121, 124; SCR 102.
Early October 2010 – Lopp met with Wagner to discuss Gallacher’s
complaints. SCR 102-103.
November 3, 2010 – Gallacher requested 320 hours of sick leave pool
for open-heart surgery. CR 61-62
November 10, 2010 – Wagner sent Gallacher a letter notifying her that
he was only approving 160 hours of sick leave pool and that he was
“unable to commit to a longer period of approved leave and will be
making a decision in the near future on whether the Wildlife Division’s
business needs will allow for leaving [her] position open.” SCR 213.
November 23, 2010 – Wagner emailed Gonzales about the termination
process for Gallacher. SCR 177-178 at 73-74.
November 29, 2010 – Wagner sent Gallacher a letter notifying her that
she was being terminated as of December 17, 2010. SCR 214.
Therefore, Wagner made his decision to deny Gallacher 160 hours of sick leave
pool less than six (6) weeks after he was made aware of her complaint to Lopp
(Early October 2010 to November 10, 2010). Gallacher would argue that
Wagner’s decision to deny Gallacher 160 hours of sick leave pool, knowing that she
needed 320 hours of sick leave pool for open heart surgery, was, in effect, a
decision to terminate Gallacher. Even if the Court takes the position that Wagner
did not actually decide to terminate Gallacher until November 23, 2010 or
7
November 29, 2010, the temporal proximity between Gallacher’s complaint and
Wagner’s decision to fire her is still less than two (2) months from the date he was
made aware of her complaint to Lopp.
While the Tenth Circuit, as cited in the Court’s Opinion, has found that a
“three-month gap”, by itself, is insufficient to infer a causal link, the Tenth Circuit
has also found that a “one and one-half month period… may, by itself, establish
causation.” Anderson v. Coors Brewing Co., 181 F.3d 1171, 1179 (10th
Cir.1999). Here, Gallacher has produced evidence to show that approximately one
and one-half months (or less) passed between Wagner being made aware of her
complaint to Lopp (in early October 2010) and Wagner effectively terminating her
employment (on or before November 10, 2010 when he denied Gallacher’s request
for 320 hours of Sick Leave Pool). While Gallacher would argue that the adverse
employment action occurred on or before November 10, 2010, the latest date that
should be considered as the date of the adverse employment action against
Gallacher should be November 29, 2010 (the date on which Wagner sent Gallacher
a letter notifying her that she was being terminated).
In determining whether an adverse employment action was retaliatory, the
Court must focus on “the final decisionmaker.” Ackel v. National
Communications, Inc., 339 F.3d 376, 385 (5th Cir. 2003) (citing Gee v. Principi,
8
289 F.3d 342, 346 (5th Cir. 2002). Here, the final decision maker is Wagner, and
therefore, the time period relevant to Gallacher’s retaliation claim should focus on
Wagner’s knowledge of her complaint and Wagner’s decision to terminate
Gallacher. Further, the Fourth Court of Appeals in San Antonio has stated that
“[e]specially where a defendant retaliates at the first opportunity that is presented, a
plaintiff will not be foreclosed from making out a prima facie case despite a
substantial gap in time.” San Antonio Water System v. Nicholas, 441 S.W.3d 382,
392-393 (Tex.App.-San Antonio, 2013) (citing Pardo-Kronemann v. Jackson, 541
F.Supp.2d 210, 218 (D.D.C. 2008) aff’d in part, rev’d in part on other grounds, 601
F.3d 599 (D.C.Cir.2010). Gallacher would argue that the evidence supports the
contention that Wagner retaliated at the first opportunity he had following her
complaint; i.e. when Gallacher submitted a request for sick leave pool for open
heart surgery on November 3, 2010 and Wagner discovered from HR that Gallacher
would soon be running out of FMLA protected leave. SCR 174-175 at 61-62; SCR
178 at 76.
In addition to taking as true all evidence favorable to Gallacher, the Court
must also make its decision “without delving into the merits of the case.” Bland
Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex.2000). Gallacher is not
required to “put on [her] case simply to establish jurisdiction.” Id. Gallacher has
9
pled sufficient facts to establish a prima facie case of retaliation, and she has
submitted evidence in support of those facts. At the prima facie stage, “the
standard for satisfying the causation element is ‘much less stringent’ than a ‘but for’
causation standard.” Ackel, 339 F.3d 376, at 385 (citing Long v. Eastfield Coll., 88
F.3d 300, 305 n. 4 (5th Cir.1996). Gallacher need only submit some evidence of a
causal link between her protected activity and the adverse action taken against her
to establish her prima facie claim of retaliation. Id. Gallacher has met this
burden, and the trial court’s denial of TPWD’s Plea to the Jurisdiction with respect
to Gallacher’s retaliation claim should be affirmed.
PRAYER
Based on the reasons described hereinabove, Gallacher respectfully requests
that this Court grant this motion for rehearing, modify its December 31, 2014
Opinion to affirm the trial court’s denial of TPWD’s Plea to the Jurisdiction with
respect to Gallacher’s retaliation claim, and grant such further relief to which
Gallacher may show herself justly entitled.
10
Respectfully submitted,
HOWARD & KOBELAN
100 Congress Avenue, Ste. 1720
Austin, Texas 78701
(512) 480-9300
(512) 480-9374 facsimile
By: /s/ Logan Howard
Logan E. Howard
State Bar No. 24069952
Derek A. Howard
State Bar No. 10064600
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
I certify that this document contains 2,050 words (counting all portions of the
document that are subject to the word limits of Texas Rule of appellate Procedure
9.4(i)), according to the word-processing software used to produce this document.
/s/ Logan Howard
Logan Howard
11
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing was forwarded in
accordance with Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure to all counsel of record, as
listed below, via e-mail on this the 14th day of January 2015.
Madeleine Connor, Assistant Attorney General
Office of Attorney General
P.O. Box 12548
Austin, Texas 78711
Madeleine.connor@texasattorneygeneral.gov
/s/ Logan Howard
Logan Howard
12
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department v. Nancy Gallacher
Combined Opinion