In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
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No. 07-15-00141-CV
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JOSEPH E. MCCLAIN III, APPELLANT
V.
DELL INC., SEATON CORP. D/B/A STAFF MANAGEMENT, APPELLEES
On Appeal from the 200th District Court
Travis County, Texas
Trial Court No. D-1-GN-14-005063; Honorable Darlene Byrne, Presiding
September 24, 2015
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before CAMPBELL and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.
Joseph E. McClain III, proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, filed this appeal
from the trial court’s order granting the motion of Dell, Inc., Seaton Corp. d/b/a Staff
Management (hereafter Dell) for sanctions, a declaration that McClain is a vexatious
litigant, dismissing McClain’s fourth suit against Dell, and ordering him to pay Dell
$4,000 in attorney’s fees. The case was originally appealed to the Third Court of
Appeals; however, it was later transferred to this court by the Texas Supreme Court
pursuant to its docket equalization efforts. TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001 (West 2013).
In deciding this case, we are unaware of any conflict between precedent of the Third
Court of Appeals and that of this court on any relevant issue. TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3. We
affirm the trial court’s order.
BACKGROUND1
According to the record, in 2011, McClain was hired to train as a sales
representative for Genesis Networks Enterprises LLC, a contractor hired by Staff
Management who is a third party provider to Dell. He was never employed by Dell. He
missed mandatory training and was fired by Genesis almost immediately. He filed his
original suit against Dell in 2011 asserting breach of an implied contract, wrongful
termination, and defamation. His pleading was also peppered with negligence claims.
That suit resulted in a summary judgment in Dell’s favor on August 1, 2012. McClain
next filed suit for declaratory judgment against Dell in April 2013 arising from the same
circumstances as the first suit. Litigation ended when the trial court granted Dell’s
motion to dismiss with prejudice on May 8, 2013.
An appeal of that order was dismissed for failure to file a brief. McClain v. Dell,
Inc., No. 13-13-00398-CV, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 14445, at *2 (Tex. App.—Corpus
Christi Nov. 26, 2013, pet. dism’d w.o.j.) (mem op.).2 The Thirteenth Court of Appeals
also denied a petition for writ of mandamus filed by McClain in conjunction with that
appeal wherein it stated, “[i]n fact, at the present time, the court is unable to discern the
1
Facts presented in this opinion are derived from the appellate record. In their briefs, the parties
reference facts outside the record. References outside the record have not been considered.
2
Similar to the appeal being transferred in this case, the appeal in that case was transferred from
the Third Court of Appeals to the Thirteenth Court of Appeals.
2
precise nature of the relief sought by relator.” In re McClain, No. 13-13-00648-CV, 2013
Tex. App. LEXIS 14446, at *3 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Nov. 26, 2013, orig.
proceeding) (mem. op.).
In 2013, McClain initiated a third lawsuit against Dell in a small claims court in
Travis County, Texas. Again, the suit was dismissed. On December 4, 2014, McClain
filed the underlying suit, his forth claim against Dell arising from the same
circumstances. Via his original petition, he alleged, among other claims, that Dell
violated the Deceptive Trade Practices—Consumer Protection Act and the Theft
Liability Act.3 He then amended his petition which reads like a laundry list of statutes
and rules. He also asserts a conspiracy against him.
Dell answered the suit and asserted affirmative defenses of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, and judicial privilege. The suit was resolved when the trial court
granted Dell’s Motion for Sanctions, Motion to Dismiss, and Motion for Declaration that
Plaintiff is a Vexatious Litigant. McClain filed his pro se notice of appeal expressing
“intent to appeal the trial court’s judgment rendered on February 03, 2015.”
By his amended brief, McClain contends (1) the records presented by Dell as
grounds for a vexatious litigant are inaccurate; (2) his constitutional rights were violated
by the trial court’s refusal to hold a hearing on certain motions, and Rule 91a of the
Texas Rules of Civil Procedure was not followed in dismissing his case as a baseless
cause of action; (3) a confession must be excluded if obtained in violation of Miranda v.
Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S. Ct. 1602, 16 L. Ed. 2d 694 (1966); (4) that without
3
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 17.41 (West 2015), § 134.001 (West 2011).
3
admission of “defendant’s” testimony the facts are unsubstantiated without the actual
filing of a document with the clerk; and (5) a plea to the jurisdiction is a dilatory plea, the
purpose of which is to defeat a cause of action without regard to the merits of a claim.
Independent of his issues, McClain also asserts his constitutional rights under chapter
27 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, the Texas Citizens Participation Act,
were violated. In response, Dell argues the trial court correctly granted its motion to
dismiss under Rule 91a, McClain’s claims are barred by res judicata, and the trial court
correctly declared McClain a vexatious litigant.
ANALYSIS
In reviewing a myriad of disjointed briefs, documents, and motions filed by
McClain in this court we distill three perceivable complaints: (1) his dispute concerning
the trial court’s declaration that he was a vexatious litigant (issue one), (2) his challenge
to the dismissal of his fourth lawsuit pursuant to Rule 91a of the Texas Rules of Civil
Procedure (issue two), and (3) the alleged violations of chapter 27 of the Texas Civil
Practice and Remedies Code (undesignated issue). We address those issues seriatim
herein below.
McClain’s third, fourth, and fifth issues implicating the criminal law principle of
Miranda v. Arizona, citing to certain provisions of the Texas Penal Code, alleging
unsubstantiated facts without supporting documentation in the record, complaining of a
plea to the jurisdiction, and raising mandamus issues are incomprehensible and
basically nonsensical.4 Frankly, like the Thirteenth Court of Appeals, this court is
4
Appellate courts review and evaluate pro se pleadings with liberality and patience, but otherwise
apply the same standards applicable to pleadings drafted by an attorney. Paselk v. Rabun, 293 S.W.3d
4
unable to discern the precise nature of the relief sought by those issues; and, therefore,
issues three, four, and five are overruled.
DECLARATION AS A VEXATIOUS LITIGANT
Under chapter 11 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, a trial court
“may find a plaintiff a vexatious litigant,” if certain statutory elements are met. TEX. CIV.
PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 11.054 (West Supp. 2014). One of the ways to declare a
plaintiff a vexatious litigant is for a defendant to show that there is not a reasonable
probability the plaintiff will prevail in the litigation against the defendant and that after the
litigation has been finally determined against the plaintiff, the plaintiff repeatedly
relitigates or attempts to relitigate, pro se, either: (A) the validity of the determination
against the same defendant as to whom the litigation was finally determined; or (B) the
cause of action, claim, controversy, or any of the issues of fact or law determined or
concluded by the final determination against the same defendant as to whom the
litigation was finally determined. Id. at § 11.054(2).
We review a trial court’s determination that a plaintiff is a vexatious litigant for
abuse of discretion. Leonard v. Abbott, 171 S.W.3d 451, 459 (Tex. App.—Austin 2005,
pet. denied). “A trial court abuses its discretion when it rules arbitrarily, unreasonably,
without regard to guiding legal principles, or without supporting evidence.” Id.
According to the record, McClain, proceeding pro se, first sued Dell in 2011. The
suit ended in summary judgment in Dell’s favor. A second suit filed by McClain was
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600, 604, n.1 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2009, pet. denied). While we are aware that McClain is acting pro
se, even a liberal construction of his issues and arguments under Rule 38.9 of the Texas Rules of
Appellate Procedure does not aid in deciphering them.
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dismissed in Dell’s favor at the trial court level and at the appellate level. A petition for
writ of mandamus was also decided against McClain, after which he pursued another
suit against Dell based on the same underlying facts as the previous suits. After that
claim was dismissed, McClain filed a fourth suit. McClain proceeded pro se in all four
suits, the appeal, and the mandamus proceeding. Based upon this record, we conclude
the trial court did not abuse its discretion in declaring McClain a vexatious litigant
against Dell after his repeated attempts to litigate the same claims which had previously
been resolved against him. Issue one is overruled.
DISMISSAL UNDER RULE 91a
Rule 91a of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure sets forth the procedure for
dismissal of a baseless cause of action. TEX. R. CIV. P. 91a. A cause of action has no
basis in law if the allegations, taken as true, together with inferences reasonably drawn
from them, do not entitle the claimant to the relief sought. Id. at 91a.1. A cause of
action has no basis in fact if no reasonable person could believe the facts pleaded. Id.
We review a trial court’s ruling on a Rule 91a motion de novo. Wooley v. Schaffer, 447
S.W.3d 71, 76 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. denied).
McClain maintains that Dell failed to follow the procedural requirements of Rule
91a. He asserts Dell used the rule with intent to commit fraud which he contends is
documented. The burden is on an appellant to provide a sufficient record on appeal
presenting reversible error. In re Marriage of Pyrtle, 433 S.W.3d 152, 166 (Tex. App—
Dallas 2014, pet. denied). McClain did not designate for inclusion in the record Dell’s
Rule 91a motion and other documents he urges support his argument. Based on the
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clerk’s record before us, we are unable to evaluate the merits of his complaint that
proper procedure was not followed.5 Issue two is overruled.
VIOLATIONS OF CHAPTER 27 OF THE TEXAS CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE
McClain also asserts his constitutional rights under chapter 27 of the Texas Civil
Practice and Remedies Code, the Texas Citizens Participation Act, have been violated.
Chapter 27 of the Act balances the constitutional rights of persons to petition, speak
freely, associate freely, and otherwise participate in government to the maximum extent
permitted by law against the rights of persons to file meritorious lawsuits for
demonstrable injury. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.001-.011 (West 2015);
Serafine v. Blunt, No. 03-12-00726-CV, 2015 Tex. App. LEXIS 6594, at *3-4 (Tex.
App.—Austin June 26, 2015, no pet. h.) (on reh’g). The Act is designed to protect
citizens who petition or speak on matters of public concern from retaliatory lawsuits that
seek to intimidate or silence them. In re Lipsky, 460 S.W.3d 579, 586 (Tex. 2015). The
Act allows a defendant to move for dismissal when a plaintiff’s claim implicates the
defendant’s valid exercise of First Amendment rights. Andrews County v. Sierra Club,
No. 14-0214, 58 Tex. Sup. J. 941, 2015 Tex. LEXIS 436, at *1 (Tex. May 8, 2015).
While Dell, as a defendant, did move to dismiss McClain’s suit, it did not invoke
chapter 27 as a ground for dismissal. McClain’s reliance on chapter 27 of the Texas
Civil Practice and Remedies Code simply has no application to the facts of this case or
this appeal.
5
Under this same issue, McClain rambles about abuse of discretion by the trial court in not
hearing his “Motion for Judicial Notice” and “Motion to Contest the Constitutionality of a Statute/Motion to
Stay Judgment.” These documents do not appear in the record before us.
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Additionally, McClain’s fourth suit is barred by res judicata. The doctrine of res
judicata seeks to bring an end to litigation, prevent vexatious litigation, maintain stability
of court decisions, promote judicial economy, and prevent double recovery. Citizens
Ins. Co. of Am. v. Daccach, 217 S.W.3d 430, 449 (Tex. 2007). For the doctrine to apply
there must be: (1) a prior final judgment on the merits by a court of competent
jurisdiction; (2) identity of parties or those in privity with them; and (3) a second action
based on the same claims that were raised or could have been raised in the first action.
Id. A final judgment on an action extinguishes the right to bring suit on the transaction,
or series of connected transactions, out of which the action arose. Barr v. Resolution
Truse Corp. ex rel. Sunbelt Fed. Sav., 837 S.W.2d 627, 631 (Tex. 1992).
Since 2011, McClain has filed four suits against Dell, each arising from the same
set of circumstances and each suit resolved in Dell’s favor. The merits of his claim were
resolved in 2012 and the doctrine of res judicata applies. McClain is not entitled to any
relief from this court. His additional undesignated issue is overruled.
MOTIONS AND OBJECTIONS
By orders dated May 19, 2015, and June 23, 2015, this court considered
numerous motions and objections filed by McClain and ruled that they were either
beyond the authority granted to this court by the Texas Constitution or statute, or they
were simply incomprehensible and confusing.6 Notwithstanding our prior rulings,
McClain has again filed a plethora of motions and objections. Upon reviewing those
filings, we again find they are either beyond the relief this court may grant or are
6
McClain v. Dell, No. 07-15-00141-CV, 2015 Tex. App. LEXIS 5773 (Tex. App.—Amarillo May
19, 2015, order), and McClain v. Dell, No. 07-15-00141-CV, 2015 Tex. App. LEXIS 6621 (Tex. App.—
Amarillo June 23, 2015, order).
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incomprehensible. Consequently, all pending motions are denied and all pending
objections are overruled.
CONCLUSION
The trial court’s order is affirmed and all other relief requested is denied.
Per Curiam
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