ACCEPTED
06-15-00101-CR
SIXTH COURT OF APPEALS
TEXARKANA, TEXAS
9/9/2015 3:43:29 PM
DEBBIE AUTREY
CLERK
NOs. 06-15-00101-CR, 06-15-00102-CR, 06-00103-CR
FILED IN
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 6th COURT OF APPEALS
TEXARKANA, TEXAS
FOR THE 9/9/2015 3:43:29 PM
DEBBIE AUTREY
SIXTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS Clerk
JEREMY JERMAINE HODGE
Appellant
v.
STATE OF TEXAS
Appellee
APPEALED FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW
OF PANOLA COUNTY, TEXAS
TRIAL COURT NOs. 2012-C-0096, 2012-C-0097, 2012-C-0098
BRIEF OF APPELLANT
KYLE DANSBY
ATTORNEY AT LAW
P.O. BOX 1914
MARSHALL, TX 75671
(903) 738-6162
(888) 410-1583 (FAX)
kdansbylaw@gmail.com
STATE BAR NO: 24059180
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... .2
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES ................................................................................. 3
IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES ......................................................................... .3
STATEMENT OF THE CASE ................................................................................... 5
STATEMENT OF FACTS ............. , .................................................................... .5
ISSUE PRESENTED .......................................................................................... 9
Appellant's sentence of twenty four months is grossly disproportional to the probation violations.
Appellant was found to have violated two terms of probation: one positive drug test and four
times over a thirty month period Appellant did not report. In light of all the factors, the Court
should reverse Appellant's sentence and remand for a new sentencing hearing.
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ....................................................................... 9
PRESERVATION OF ERROR ............................................................................ 10
ARGUMENT ................................................................................................ .11
PRAyER.......................................................................................................... 15
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE ..................................................................... .16
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE. ........................................................................... .16
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
CASES:
Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991) ............................................................. 12
Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277, 291-92 1983) ............................................................ .11
McGruder v. Puckett, 954 F.2d 313, 316 (5th Cir.), cert. denied ...................................... 11
Jordan v. State, 495 S.W.2d 949, 952 (Tex. Crim. App. 1973) ....................................... 11
Escochea v. State, 139 S.W.3d 67, 80 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2004, no pet.) ................... .11
2
McCollum v. State, 627 S.W.2d 702 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist] 1990) ....................... .11
Mullins v. State, 208 S.W.3d 469,470 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 2006, no pet.) ........................ 11
Trevino v. State, 174 S.W.3d 925, 928 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2005, pet. efd) ................. 11
Winchester v. State, 246 S.W.3d 386,388 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 2008, pet. refd) .................. 11
STATUTES:
TEX. PEN. CODE ANN § 12.35(a) (West 2013) ........................................................ II
TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. §30.02(c)(I) (West 2013) .................................................... .11
TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. §32.31(d) (West 2013) ....................................................... 11
TEX. R. APP. P. 21.4(a) .................................................................................... 10
TEX. R. APP. P. 21.6 ....................................................................................... 10
TEX. R. APP. P. 21.8(a) .................................................................................... 10
TEX. R. APP. P. 26.2(a)(2) ................................................................................. 10
IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
Jeremy Jermaine Hodge: Appellant
James Bradshaw State Jail (TDC # 01983431)
P.O. Box 9000
Henderson, TX 75653
Kyle Dansby: Trial counsel for Appellant
P.O. Box 1914
Marshall, TX 75671
kdansbylaw@gmail.com
Kyle Dansby: Appellate counsel for Appellant
P.O. Box 1914
Marshall, TX 75671
3
kdansbylaw@gmail.com
Danny Buck Davidson: Panola County District Attorney represented State in Appellant's
hearings
Panola County District Attorney's Office
108 S. Sycamore, Room 301
Carthage, TX 75633
danny.davidson@co.panola.tx.us
Tim Cariker: Assistant District Attorney on appeal
Panola County District Attorney's Office
108 S. Sycamore, Room 301
Carthage, TX 75633
tim.cariker@co.panola.tx.us
Terry Bailey: trial judge, County Court at Law, Panola County, Texas
108 S. Sycamore, Room 300
Carthage, TX 75633
erin.johnson@co.panola.tx.us (court coordinator)
4
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Jeremy Jermaine Hodge (hereinafter referred to as "Appellant") was sentenced to two years in
state jail, probated for 4 years, on Jnne 27, 2012 in cause numbers 2012-C-0096 (Burglary of a
Building), 2012-C-0097 (Credit card! debit card abuse), and 2012-C-0098 (Credit card abuse).
C.R 14. On January 11,2015, the Panola Connty District Attorney's Office filed a Motion to
Revoke Community Supervision in 2012-C-0096. C.R 20 (-0096). Motions to Revoke were
filed in the other two cause numbers on January 27,2015. C.R 17.
On February 23, 2015, Appellant entered pleas of "not true" to the probation allegations. RR
Vol. 2, 7. Appellant's probation revocation hearing began on February 23,2015 and concluded
on March 4,2015. RR. Vol. 5,2-3. The trial court fonnd Appellant violated conditions two and
three in all three cases. RR Vol. 3, 46. The court then sentenced Appellant to twenty four
months in a state jail facility, sentences to rnn concurrently. Id.
On May 13,2015, Appellant had a hearing on a Motion for New Trial and Motion in Arrest of
Judgment. R.R. Vol. 4, 5. After admitting evidence and hearing arguments, the trial court
denied the motion. Id. at 24. Appellant then filed an appeal ofthis sentence. C.R. 34.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Appellant was convicted of one connt of Burglary of a Building, and two counts of Credit card!
debit card abuse, on June 27, 2012. C.R 14. Appellant was sentenced to serve two years in a
state jail facility, and that sentence was probated for four years. Id. On January 11, 2015, the
Panola Connty District Attorney's Office filed a Motion to Revoke Community Supervision. Id.
at 20. The motion alleged Appellant violated four conditions of probation: committing a new
5
offense, testing positive for drugs or alcohol, failing to report, and failing to complete
community service. Id at 21.
At the probation revocation hearing, the State first called Longview Police Department Officer
Stedmon Coleman. R.R Vol. 2, 8. He testified that he was a certified peace officer, and had
been employed with the Longview Police Department about eighteen months. Id. at 9. Officer
Coleman testified he conducted a traffic stop on Appellant on January 4, 2015. Id. at 13. The
officer testified the reason for the stop was that Appellant was driving 52 mph in a 40 mph zone.
Id During Appellant's counsel's voir dire, Officer Coleman testified that his probable cause
affidavit did not state the posted speed limit and the speed Appellant was alleged to be driving.
Id at 17; R.R. Vol. 5, Defendant's exhibit #1 (February 23). An objection to the admissibility of
any evidence related to the stop was denied. RR. Vol. 2, 17-8. The officer then testified that,
after Appellant gave him consent to search the vehicle, he located, in "plain view," several pills
in the trunk of the vehicle. Id at 12.
On cross examination, Officer Coleman testifies that he does not mention in his video, or note in
the probable cause affidavit or offense report the speed Appellant was driving. Id. at 22. The
officer further testifies he did not attach website information about the suspected drugs to his
offense report, and he did not send the pills off to be tested. Id at 25-6. Officer Coleman also
testifies that Appellant never threatened him during the traffic stop, and that the officer was not
in fear during the stop. Id at 26-7.
The State's next witness was Tony Brown, Appellant's probation officer. R.R Vol. 3, 7-8. The
State first introduced a positive urine screen from December 29,2014. Id at 12. RR. Vol. 5,
State's exhibit #2. Mr. Brown then testified that Appellant had failed to report in February and
6
October, 2013, and September and November, 2014. R.R. VoL 3, 14. Mr. Brown further
testified that Appellant was delinquent 54.75 hours of community service. Id. at 15.
Mr. Brown next testified about a Facebook post from Appellant. Mr. Brown testified he was
contacted by a District Attorney investigator about the Facebook post while Appellant was
having a monthly probation meeting. Id. Mr. Brown testified Appellant admitted he had posted
the comments to the Panola Watchman Facebook page. Id. At this point in the testimony,
Appellant's counsel objected to the line of questioning. Id. at 15-6. The objection was
overruled. Id. at 16. The State then offered as State's exhibit 3 a copy of the Facebook post. Id.
at 17; R.R VoL 5, State's exhibit #3. Appellant's counsel objected that State's exhibit 3 was not
the complete post. RR. VoL 3, 18. The trial court sustained the objection. Id. The State then
offered as State's exhibit 4 the complete Facebook post. Id. Appellant's counsel objected on the
grounds that the exhibit was not listed as a violation of probation or a new offense, and was
prejudicial due to the nature of the comment. Id. at 15-8. The trial court overruled the objection
and admitted State's exhibit 4. Id. at 19; RR. VoL 5, State's exhibit #4 ..
On cross examination, Mr. Brown testified that he was only informed of one comment Appellant
made on the Facebook post. RR VoL 3, 20. The comment Mr. Brown was not aware of stated
in part that Appellant was "against all criminal acts." Id.; RR VoL 5, State's exhibit #4. Mr.
Brown also testified he did not sanction Appellant for any statements made on Facebook. R.R.
VoL 3, 21. Mr. Brown also did not give any consideration to the Facebook post when he was
deciding to file a motion to revoke probation. Id. at 22.
Mr. Brown testified that Appellant never contacted him in February and October 2013. Id. at 24-
5. He testified that Appellant never contacted him in September and November 2014. Id. at 26.
7
Mr. Brown also testified that Appellant was referred to Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings
once a week after his positive drug test in December 2014. Id. at 28.
After hearing arguments, the trial court sentenced Appellant to twenty four months in a state jail
facility, sentences to run concurrently. Id. at 48. The trial court "disregard[ed]" allegation
number 1. Id. The court would not consider the allegation as a violation due to the fact
Appellant had not been convicted ofthe allegation. Id. at 49. The court did find that Appellant
violated his probation by having a positive drug test in December 2014. Id. The trial court also
found that Appellant failed to report February and October, 2013, and September and November
2014. Id.; C.R 42.
Appellant had a Motion for New Trial and Motion in Arrest of Judgment hearing on May 13,
2015. At that hearing, Appellant's counsel offered Defendant's exhibits 1-11. R.R Vol. 5,
Defendant's exhibits #1-12 (May 13). Defendant's exhibits one through eleven were certified
judgment and sentences of eleven different defendants. RR. Vol. 4, 5-6. These eleven
defendants all had their state jail felony probations revoked in Panola County within the last
twelve months of Appellant's hearing. Id. All eleven defendants received less than Appellant's
sentence of twenty four months state jail. Id. The trial court admitted the eleven exhibits. Id. at
6. Appellant's counsel also offered into evidence a criminal case disposition report. Id. The
disposition report listed all state jail felony revocations in Panola County within the last twelve
months. Id. After a lengthy discussion, and after the trial court heard arguments, the State
withdrew their objection to the admission of the criminal case disposition report, and it was
admitted into evidence as Defendant's exhibit 12. Id. at 27; RR Vol. 5, Defendant's exhibit
#12.
8
After admitting Defendant's exhibits, and after hearing arguments, the trial court denied
Appellant's motion. R.R. Vol. 4, 24; C.R. 39. Appellant then filed his notice of appeal. C.R.
34.
ISSUE PRESENTED
Appellant's sentence of twenty four months is grossly disproportional to the probation violations.
Appellant was found to have violated two terms of probation: one positive drug test and four
times over a thirty month period Appellant did not report. In light of all the factors, the Court
should reverse Appellant's sentence and remand for a new sentencing hearing.
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
Appellant's sentence is grossly disproportional to the technical violations of probation. On the
record, the trial court found Appellant had violated two terms of probation. R.R. Vol. 3,49. The
trial court did not mention any other violations of probation, or evidence he considered at the
revocation hearing. Id; C.R. 42. Counsel must therefore assume that the trial court only
revoked and sentenced Appellant based on the evidence presented related to violations of
conditions two and three (drug testing and failing to report).
Looking at the first factor in determining gross disproportionality, that factor weighs in favor of
Appellant. The evidence presented showed Appellant failed one drug test over a thirty month
period. R.R. Vol. 3, 12; R.R. Vol. 5, State's exhibit #2. The evidence also showed that over a
thirty month period, Appellant failed to report four months. R.R. Vol. 3, 14. Since the trial court
only considered evidence of two technical violations, the sentence is grossly disproportional.
According to the motion to revoke filed, Appellant reported each month after he had failed to
9
report. C.R. 21. The gravity of the offense is minimal, compared to the severity of the sentence.
The first factor is met.
The second factor weighs in favor of Appellant. Defendant's exhibits 1-12 show that a majority
of defendants in Panola County received eighteen months state jail for probation revocations.
RR. Vol. 5, Defendant's exhibits #1-12 (May 13). While some of the higher sentences were for
burglary, Appellant only had one burglary conviction. His other two probations were for credit
card or debit card abuse, which is a financial crime. Other defendants were revoked for financial
crimes and received eighteen months. Id. In fact, those who committed financial crimes had the
most cause numbers, and those defendants received eighteen months state jail. Id The second
factor weighs in favor of Appellant. Many of these defendants had violated more and more
serious conditions of probation than Appellant. Id
The third factor weighs in favor of Appellee. There was no evidence introduced related to
sentences for similar offenses in other jurisdictions.
Weighing the three factors, the Court should reverse the sentence of the trial court and remand
Appellant's case for a new revocation sentencing hearing.
PRESERVATION OF ERROR
Appellant has preserved error. Trial counsel filed a Motion for New Trial and Motion in Arrest
of Judgment. C.R 28. This motion was filed within thirty days after Appellant's sentence was
pronounced in open court. Tex.RApp.P.2l.4(a). A hearing occurred within 75 days from the
date the trial court imposed the sentence in open court. Tex.R.App.P. 21.6. The trial court ruled
on the motion within 75 days of imposing sentence in open court. Tex.R.App.P.21.8(a). Trial
10
counsel then filed a Notice of Appeal within 90 days after the trial court imposed sentence in
open court. Tex.R.App.P.26.2(a)(2). Appellant properly preserved error.
ARGUMENT
Appellant concedes that the trial court properly found two violations of probation. Appellant is
objecting and appealing his twenty four state jail felony sentence for these two technical
probation violations. Appellant is further aware that the trial court can revoke a probation based
on a single violation of probation. See McCollum v. State, 627 S.W.2d 702 (Tex.App.-Houston
[14th Dist] 1990). Appellant's issue is that the sentence imposed is grossly disproportional to the
two technical violations of probation.
As long as the sentence falls within the punishment range of the statute, then courts have long
held that the punishment is not grossly disproportional. See Jordan v. State, 495 S.W.2d 949,
952 (Tex. Crim. App. 1973); Trevino v. State, 174 S.W.3d 925, 928 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi
2005, pet. refd); see also Escochea v. State, 139 S.W.3d 67,80 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2004,
no pet.). Appellant was placed on probation for three state jail felony cases. One was a Burglary
ofa Building. TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. §30.02(c)(I) (West 2013). The other two cases were
for Credit card! debit card abuse. TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. §32.3I(d) (West 2013). State jail
felonies are punishable by confinement of not more than two years and no less than 180 days.
TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. §12.35(a). Appellant's sentence falls within the range of punishment.
Even though a sentence falls within the statutory punishment range, appellate courts must
determine whether the sentence is grossly disproportional under the Appellant's federal
constitutional rights. Winchester v. State, 246 S.W.3d 386, 388 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 2008, pet.
ref d); Mullins v. State, 208 S.W.3d 469, 470 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 2006, no pet.). First, courts
11
look at the gravity of the offense compared to the severity of the sentence. Solem v. Helm, 463
U.S. 277, 291-92 (1983); McGruder v. Puckett, 954 F.2d 313, 316 (5th Cir.), cert. denied.
Appellate courts then consider sentences for similar crimes in the same jurisdiction, and
sentences for the same crime in other jurisdictions. See Solem, 463 U.S. at 292. In light of
Harmelin v. Michigan, courts do not address the second and third issue unless the initial
comparison of the gravity and severity create an inference that the sentence is grossly
disproportional. Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991); McGruder, 954 F.2d at 316.
The first factor weighs in favor of Appellant. After hearing all the testimony and reviewing all
the exhibits admitted into evidence, the trial court only found evidence to show that Appellant
violated two technical terms of probation: failing one drug test and not reporting four times in a
thirty month time span. RR Vol. 3,49; C.R. 42. The trial court did not consider the allegations
related to a new offense, nor did the trial court consider evidence related to a Facebook post.
The State was only able to prove that Appellant violated two technical conditions of probation.
Counsel admits that not reporting to probation is considered a more serious violation of
probation than others; however, the State's own Motion to Revoke shows that Appellant reported
the month after he had not reported the month previous. C.R 21. Considering the violations that
Appellant was sentenced for, these violations are: 1) technical in nature; and 2) showed
Appellant was making good faith efforts to complete his probation. The trial court sentenced
Appellant to the maximum sentence for two technical violations. The gravity of the violations
were minor. The severity ofthe sentence is the most severe. The first factor weighs in favor of
Appellant.
Because the comparison creates an inference that the sentence is grossly disproportional, the
Court can now consider the other two factors. Appellant concedes that the third factor weighs
12
against Appellant. Trial counsel did not introduce any evidence related to sentences for similar
crimes in other jurisdictions, outside of a sworn statement in the Motion for New Trial and
Motion in Arrest of Judgment that other jurisdictions have sentenced similar defendants to less
state jail time than the maximum. C.R. 28-9.
The second factor weighs in favor of Appellant. Defendant's exhibits 1-12 show that, within the
most recent twelve month period, a majority of defendants in Panola County received eighteen
months state jail for probation revocations. R.R. Vol. 5, Defendant's exhibits #1-12 (May 13).
Besides Appellant, four other defendants had burglary of building probations revoked. Id. Two
of those defendants received eighteen months state jail; the other two received twenty four
months state jail. Id One other defendant was revoked on a credit abuse probation; he received
twenty one months state jail. Id
The majority of state jail probations revoked were for financial crimes, like theft and forgery. Id
Two defendants had the most cases of forgery, and both of them received eighteen months state
jail. Id One of those defendants had thirty four cases offorgery, and the other defendant had
fourteen cases of forgery. Id It is important to note that all defendants in Defendant's exhibits I-
II were sentenced to twenty four months state jail when they were placed on probation. R.R.
Vol. 5, Defendant's exhibits #1-11 (May 13). At Appellant's Motion for New Trial hearing, the
trial court noted: "[t]hat's what he agreed to." R.R. Vol. 4, 13. The trial court said that when
talking about why Appellant should be sentenced to the maximum. Id All the other defendants
in Defendant's exhibits 1-11 also agreed to the maximum, yet they received less than the
maximum when their probations were revoked. Two other defendants received less than the
maximum for burglary of building probation revocations. Another defendant received less than
the maximum for credit card abuse probation revocations. Many of these defendants committed
13
more and more serious violations than Appellant. R.R. Vol. 5, Defendant's exhibits #1-11 (May
13). The Court cannot consider whether all these probation revocations were plea agreements or
contested hearings. The second factor weighs in favor of Appellant.
The sentence Appellant received is grossly disproportional to the probation violations
committed. The trial court revoked Appellant's probation based on two technical violations. As
the trial court noted, it "depends on the facts and circumstances" of the violations when the trial
court is determining sentencing. Id at 11. Those facts and circumstances show that Appellant
had one positive drug test, and did not report four times. These violations occurred over a thirty
month span. A Motion to Revoke was not filed until Appellant was arrested for a new offense.
The trial court refused to consider those allegations proven to be "true," and also did not consider
evidence related to a Facebook post. Because the trial court only found those two violations to
be true, that was the only evidence the trial court considered. The facts show those violations to
be minor. The facts further show that Appellant had completed the vast majority of his
probation. Appellant had already been sanctioned for the positive drug test, and his probation
officer did not attempt to revoke him off probation due to not reporting.
Because these violations are technical and minor, the maximum sentence appears to be grossly
disproportional. Looking at the other two factors, the evidence shows that a majority of state jail
felony revocations in Panola County received eighteen months state jail. Many ofthose
defendants committed forgery or other financial crimes. The other defendant that committed
credit card abuse received twenty one months, still less than Appellant. Two other defendants
that committed burglary of a building received eighteen months, less than Appellant.
Two of the three factors weigh in favor of Appellant. Due to the nature of Appellant's probation
violations, and the evidence of similar crimes in the same jurisdiction, Appellant's sentence is
14
grossly disproportional to his probation violations. The Court should reverse his sentence and
remand Appellant's cases for new sentencing hearings.
PRAYER
Wherefore, premises considered, Appellant's counsel prays this Court reverse Appellant's
sentence of twenty four months state jail and remand Appellant's cases for new sentencing
hearings.
Respectfully submitted,
Kyle Dansby
Attorney at Law
P.O. 1914
Marshall, TX 75671
(903) 738-6162
(888) 410-1583 (fax)
kdansbylaw@grnail.com
lsi Kyle Dansby
Kyle Dansby
State Bar No: 24059180
Attorney for Appellant
15
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
I certify that this brief contains 3,134 words according to the computer program used to prepare
this document.
lsi Kyle Dansby
Kyle Dansby
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
A copy of this brief was sent via email to Tim Cariker, attorney for Appellee, on the 9th day of
September, 2015.
lsi Kyle Dansby
Kyle Dansby
16