ACCEPTED
01-15-00366-cr
FIRST COURT OF APPEALS
HOUSTON, TEXAS
8/12/2015 11:59:40 PM
CHRISTOPHER PRINE
CLERK
No. 01-15-00366-CR
FILED IN
1st COURT OF APPEALS
HOUSTON, TEXAS
In the Court of Appeals 8/12/2015 11:59:40 PM
CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE
For the First Judicial District Clerk
Houston, Texas
Trace Rogers Smith v. State
On Appeal from Cause No. CR2014-093
in the 207th Judicial District Court
of Comal County, Texas
Brief of Appellant
Trace Rogers Smith
Atanacio Campos
Bar No. 03720700
Attorney for Trace Rogers Smith
496 S. Castell Ave.
New Braunfels, Texas 78130
Tel: (830) 620-1515
Fax: (830) 620-5334
atanacio@aol.com
Oral Argument Not Requested
Parties and Counsel
For the State of Texas:
Ms. Chari Kelly
Assistant Criminal District Attorney
150 N. Seguin Ave.
New Braunels, Texas 78130
Tel: (830) 221-1300
Fax: (830) 608-2008
ckelly@ co.comal.tx.us
For the Appellant:
Atanacio Campos
Attorney for Trace Rogers Smith
496 S. Castell Ave.
New Braunfels, Texas 78130
Tel: (830) 620-1515
Fax: (830) 620-5334
atanacio@aol.com
2
Table of Contents
Index
of
Authorities
................................................................................................................
4
Statement
of
the
Case
.............................................................................................................
5
Oral
Argument
..........................................................................................................................
6
Issue
Presented
........................................................................................................................
7
Statement
of
Facts
...................................................................................................................
8
Argument
.................................................................................................................................
10
Prayer
........................................................................................................................................
17
3
Index of Authorities
CASES
Bagley, 473 U.S. at 682, 105 S.Ct. 3375 ........................................................................... 10
Brown v. State, 672 S.W.2d 487, 488 (Tex.Crim.App.1984); ........................................... 15
Hall v. State, 283 S.W.3d 137, 171 (Tex. App. – Austin 2009). ....................................... 10
Hampton, 86 S.W.3d at 612 .............................................................................................. 11
Kyles, 514 U.S. at 434, 115 S.Ct. 1555. ............................................................................ 11
Meyers v. State, 626 S.W.2d 778 (Tex.Crim.App.1982). .................................................. 15
United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 109, 96 S.Ct. 2392, 49 L.Ed.2d 342 (1976)); ......... 12
4
Statement of the Case
This case is an appeal from a conviction for attempted capital murder,
aggravated kidnapping, aggravated robbery, and tampering with evidence in
the 207th District Court of Comal County, Texas.1 A jury trial was held
February 23 to March 2, 2015. Trace Rogers Smith was found guilty of
these four counts and the jury sentenced him to 42 years for attempted
murder and aggravated kidnapping, ten years for aggravated robbery, and
five years for tampering with physical evidence.
After the trial had concluded and this appeal had begun, the State
provided trial counsel with a letter informing him that Clint Barkley, the
State’s witness, had a prior murder conviction. Trial counsel forwarded that
letter to appellate counsel, and it was filed into the record of this case.
1
Smith
was
also
charged
with
Aggravated
Sexual
Assault,
of
which
the
jury
found
5
Oral Argument
Oral Argument is not requested.
6
Issue Presented
The State failed to disclose the prior murder conviction of Clint
Barkley, one of only two non-accomplice witnesses to testify as to the events
that occurred on December 8, 2013. Mr. Barkley’s testimony indicated that
Smith was aware of and was aiding the codefendants in their assault on the
victim. Was Barkley’s testimony material to Smith’s conviction for
attempted capital murder as a party?
7
Statement of Facts
Dana Huth was found naked, shackled, bloody, and severely injured
on the morning of December 9, 2015 in a stranger’s vehicle at Canyon Lake,
Texas. She recounted the events of the previous night, which began at the
home of Mike Chapin.2 At “Big Mike’s” house, co-defendants Heather
Richards and Kayla Lardieri, tased her, kicked her, stabbed her, and
handcuffed her hands and feet, while Sheena Hopkins recorded the events on
a cell phone. Trace Rogers Smith admitted to carrying her, naked, hog- tied,
and wrapped in a sheet, to a shed outside, then locking the shed. Dana
managed to get the handcuffs off her hands, but not her feet. She broke
through a window in the shed, climbed out and crawled to a neighbor’s
house. She was unable to summons help from the neighbor during the night,
but she found shelter in one of the vehicles that was unlocked.
At some point later Smith burned Dana’s belongings, along with
clothing that Kayla had been wearing that night.
2
Mike
Chapin
was
also
indicted
as
a
codefendant
in
this
criminal
episode,
but
he
died
in
the
Comal
County
Jail
awaiting
trial.
8
All of the codefendants and victim were friends or acquaintances, and
all were using and/or dealing drugs through Big Mike. Heather was upset
that Dana was involved with Heather’s boyfriend, Travis, or T-bone. Kayla
believed that Dana had been recording drug transactions and intercepting
information from their cell phones about drug deals. Both wanted to
confront Dana and send a message to stay out of their business. They denied
having any plan to kill her.
9
Argument
The State failed to disclose the prior murder conviction of Clint
Barkley, one of only two non-accomplice witnesses to testify as to the events
that occurred on December 8, 2013. Mr. Barkley’s testimony indicated that
Smith was aware of and was aiding the codefendants in their assault on the
victim. Was Barkley’s testimony material to Smith’s conviction for
attempted capital murder as a party?
Hall v. State3 discusses how Brady evidence is to be considered on
appeal:
“Whether the State’s failure to disclose the impeachment
evidence constituted a due process violation turns instead on
whether the evidence was “material” under Brady. Undisclosed
evidence is “material” to guilt or punishment “only if there is a
reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to
the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.” Bagley, 473 U.S. at 682, 105 S.Ct. 3375. A
3
Hall v. State, 283 S.W.3d 137, 171 (Tex. App. – Austin 2009).
10
“reasonable probability” is “a probability sufficient to
undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id. In other words,
“[t]he question is not whether the defendant would more likely
than not have received a different verdict with the evidence, but
whether in its absence he received a fair trial, understood as a
trial resulting in a verdict worthy of confidence.” Kyles, 514
U.S. at 434, 115 S.Ct. 1555. The Supreme Court has further
explained that this standard “is not a sufficiency of the evidence
test”—“[a] defendant need not demonstrate that, after
discounting the inculpatory evidence in light of the undisclosed
evidence, there would not have been enough left to convict.” Id.
at 434–35, 115 S.Ct. 1555. Instead, the defendant must “show[ ]
that the favorable evidence could reasonably be taken to put the
whole case in such a different light as to undermine confidence
in the verdict.” Id. at 435, 115 S.Ct. 1555. On the other hand,
“[t]he mere possibility that an item of undisclosed information
might have helped the defense, or might have affected the
outcome of the trial, does not establish ‘materiality’ in the
constitutional sense.” Hampton, 86 S.W.3d at 612 (quoting
United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 109, 96 S.Ct. 2392, 49
11
L.Ed.2d 342 (1976)); see also id. (distinguishing this standard
from the general standard for constitutional harmless error).
The inquiry “involves balancing the strength of the [favorable]
evidence against the evidence supporting conviction.”
Hampton, 86 S.W.3d at 613. We must accordingly consider
“the entire body of evidence” at trial. Id. Similarly, we evaluate
materiality “in terms of suppressed evidence considered
collectively, not item-by-item.” Kyles, 514 U.S. at 436, 115
S.Ct. 1555.”
This case had a lot of testimony, but it lacked a reliable narrator.
There are 4 codefendants. All but Sheena were smoking methamphetamines
and possibly also marijuana. They all admit to being either in shock by
what was transpiring, or having difficulty knowing what was going on
around them due to drug use. The victim was in and out of consciousness.
Under the accomplice witness rule, anything they testify to must be
supported by cooberating evidence from another source.
The State called two witnesses who were at Mike’s house that night who
were not involved in the crime and could have been that cooberating source.
The first one called was Clint Barkley. He testified:
12
• At some point, Dana went in the back bedroom. All three girls were
back there and Trace was at the door; he kept running in and out of
the door. (Vol. 3, p. 202-203).
• Trace was posted up at the door, in and out, guarding the door, like he
was helping somebody do something. And then he’s standing guard
at the door. (Vol. 3, p. 207-208).
• Trace was going in and out of that bedroom, whatever was going on in
there. Every time he went in, there was more ruckus going on in
there. I wasn’t smoking marijuana that night. Trace and his
entourage were the only ones smoking. (Vol. 3, p. 215.)
• I stayed for two hours on the sofa watching TV. Went in and out of
the house, charged up my phone. (Vol. 3, p. 216-127.)
• Dana, Kayla, the two girls, and then Trace were in and out of the
bedroom. (Vol. 3, p. 217.)
The other witness was Jerry Stovall. Jerry’s son had died after being shot
by police just a few days before. The people involved in this case knew his
son and were reminiscing with him. He stated:
• I went to Mike’s to smoke meth. (Vol. 4, p. 27).
• My truck wouldn’t start and Clint (Barkley) gave me a jump start.
• When I first went in to Mike’s I sat on the couch and talked to Dana
about my son for 45 min.
• The 3 girls went in the bedroom, then Trace. Then Trace came out
and Dana went in. (Vol. 4, p. 34).
13
• Clint (Barkley) did stop by and gave me a jump. I don’t remember if
he was inside or not. I don’t think he was sitting on the sofa, I think he
was just outside. I did not see any marijuana. (Vol. 4, p. 35).
Clint Barkley’s testimony led the jury to believe that Trace had a great
deal of involvement with the beating and stabbing that took place in the
bedroom. It showed that Trace knew what was happening in there, that he
was actively preventing Dana from leaving or anyone else from coming to
her aid, and that he approved of what the girls were doing to Dana. It
indicated that there was an agreement between Trace and the girls that this
assault on Dana was part of a plan.
Noticeably, Jerry Stovall did not say that Trace was in and out of the
bedroom or standing guard at the door. He also didn’t think that Clint
Barkley was in the house at all.
Because Barkley was not involved in this criminal episode, his
testimony would be given more credibility than Trace’s when there was any
discrepancy between the two. So when Trace testified that he did not know
what the girls were doing to Dana, Barkley’s statements to the contrary
undermined Trace’s testimony in the minds of the jurors. This made it
appear that Trace not only knew and approved of what was happening, but
that he was also lying to the jury. It was necessary for the defense to
14
impeach Barkley’s credibility to ensure that Trace got a fair trial. Barkley’s
status as an uninvolved, purportedly sober witness elevated his testimony
above that of the other witnesses. If there was a reason that his testimony
should not have been given such weight, Trace had a right to show the jury.
Furthermore, Barkley’s testimony was the only non-accomplice
evidence that connected Trace with the assault on Dana. Without
cooberating testimony, a codefendant’s statements are insufficient to
convict.4
The jury charge for attempted capital murder states “attempt to
intentionally cause the death of an individual to-wit Dana Huth by stabbing
the said Dana Huth with a knife, by striking the said Dana Huth with the
hand, or by kicking the said Dana Huth with the foot”. No evidence was
offered that Trace committed any of those acts, or that he did an act
amounting to more than mere preparation that tends, but fails to effect the
commission of capital murder. Therefore he could not be found guilty as a
principle.
Only Barkley’s testimony indicated that Trace solicited, encouraged,
4
Brown v. State, 672 S.W.2d 487, 488 (Tex.Crim.App.1984); Meyers v.
State, 626 S.W.2d 778 (Tex.Crim.App.1982).
15
aided, or attempted to aid the others in committing attempted capital murder.
Barkley’s description of Trace standing guard by the bedroom door, and
going in and out of the room indicated that Trace knew what was happening
in there, and that he aided the codefendants by preventing Dana’s escape and
ensuring no one could enter the room to stop them. That is why Barkley’s
testimony and credibility are crucial. He provided the only evidence of
Trace being aware of or involved with the attempted capital murder. No one
else indicated that Trace became involved until after the assault was over.
Once Trace became aware of what had transpired in the bedroom,
then he did take actions that constituted kidnapping. But the actions
described in the jury charge of stabbing, striking, or kicking Dana had
already taken place by then. Trace believed that the girls went into the
bedroom to discuss Dana’s relationship with Heather’s boyfriend. It is not
reasonable to expect that an attempted murder would result from such
discussions.
16
Prayer
The State failed to disclose Brady evidence that was material to the
case. Without that evidence, the defense could not impeach the
State’s witness with his prior murder conviction. The witness
provided testimony that the defendant was acting in concert with the
codefendants while they were attempting to commit capital murder.
This resulted in an unfair trial for the defendant and a verdict
unworthy of confidence. Trace Rogers Smith prays the court reverse
the conviction of attempted capital murder and render a judgment of
acquittal.
Respectfully Submitted by:
/s/ Atanacio Campos
Atanacio Campos
State Bar No. 03720700
Attorney for Trace Rogers Smith, Appellant
496 S. Castell Ave.
New Braunfels, Texas 78130
Tel: (830) 620-1515
Fax: (830) 620-5334
atanacio@aol.com
17
Certificate of Compliance
This brief contains 2311 words, as calculated by the word processing
software used to create it.
/s/ Atanacio Campos
Atanacio Campos
Certificate of Service
The following parties were served via electronic mail through
the electronic filing service used to file this brief in the First Court of
Appeals.
Ms. Chari Kelly
kellyc@co.comal.tx.us
/s/ Atanacio Campos
Atanacio Campos
18