SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department
953
KA 11-01376
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., FAHEY, LINDLEY, VALENTINO, AND DEJOSEPH, JJ.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT,
V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
RICARDO MCCRAY, ALSO KNOWN AS “MURDER,” ALSO
KNOWN AS “MURDER MATT,” ALSO KNOWN AS “MATT,”
ALSO KNOWN AS “MAC,” DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (SUSAN C. MINISTERO OF
COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
FRANK A. SEDITA, III, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, BUFFALO (DONNA A. MILLING OF
COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
Appeal from a judgment of the Erie County Court (Sheila A.
DiTullio, J.), rendered June 2, 2011. The judgment convicted
defendant, upon a jury verdict, of murder in the first degree (three
counts), attempted murder in the first degree (two counts) and
criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is
unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum: On appeal from a judgment convicting him upon a jury
verdict of three counts of murder in the first degree (Penal Law §
125.27 [1] [a] [viii]), two counts of attempted murder in the first
degree (§§ 110.00, 125.27 [1] [a] [viii]) and one count of criminal
possession of a weapon in the second degree (§ 265.03 [3]), defendant
contends that his right to counsel indelibly attached when several
people informed the police that he was represented by an attorney, and
that County Court therefore erred in refusing to suppress the
statements that he thereafter made to the police. We reject that
contention. The evidence admitted at the suppression hearing, which
includes video recordings, establishes that defendant, accompanied by
a community activist and others, went to a television station in order
to surrender himself to the police. Before the attorney arrived,
however, the police placed defendant in custody. The community
activist who had accompanied defendant to the television station
informed the police that an attorney was on the way to that location.
The police nevertheless took defendant to a police station and
administered Miranda warnings, after which defendant made the
statements at issue. The above evidence also establishes,
unequivocally, that defendant did not inform the police that he wished
to speak with an attorney, and that no attorney contacted the police
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KA 11-01376
department before defendant made the statements at issue. An attorney
contacted the police department approximately 15 minutes after
defendant arrived at the police station, and there is no dispute that
the police stopped questioning defendant at that time.
We reject defendant’s contention that his right to counsel
indelibly attached when the community activist told the arresting
police officers at the television station that defendant had an
attorney who was on his way. “It is well settled that ‘the right to
counsel is personal’ to the accused (People v Bing, 76 NY2d 331, 350
[1990]) and thus cannot be invoked by a third party on behalf of an
adult defendant” (People v Brown, 309 AD2d 1258, 1258, lv denied 1
NY3d 595; see People v Mitchell, 2 NY3d 272, 275; People v Grice, 100
NY2d 318, 324 n 2). Thus, where, as here, a third party not
affiliated with a lawyer or law firm indicates that defendant may have
an attorney, “it would be unreasonable to require the police to cease
a criminal investigation and begin a separate inquiry to verify
whether the defendant is actually represented by counsel. Direct
communication by an attorney or a professional associate of the
attorney to the police assures that the suspect ‘has actually retained
a lawyer in the matter at issue’ ” (Grice, 100 NY2d at 324). Absent
such direct communication, the police herein had no duty to
investigate whether defendant was represented by counsel, and
defendant’s right to counsel did not indelibly attach until an
attorney later called the police directly. Inasmuch as all
questioning ceased at that time, we conclude that the court properly
refused to suppress the statements defendant made before that time.
Defendant’s reliance upon People v Lopez is misplaced (16 NY3d 375).
There, the defendant was held in custody on another, unrelated matter,
and the Court of Appeals clearly stated that its “decision [was]
premised on the fact that the right to counsel was violated on the
particular matter for which the defendant was in custody” (id., at
386), whereas in the case before us defendant was not in custody on
another matter.
Defendant failed to make a recusal motion and thus failed to
preserve for our review his contention that the court displayed actual
bias in favor of the prosecution by issuing a gag order without first
determining whether defendant’s right to a fair trial was in danger of
being impacted, by making evidentiary rulings unfavorable to
defendant, and by making sarcastic comments to defense counsel (see
CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Prado, 4 NY3d 725, 726, rearg denied 4 NY3d
795; People v Charleston, 56 NY2d 886, 887-888). In any event, the
record does not support defendant’s contention that the court
displayed actual bias in its evidentiary rulings or made sarcastic
comments (see People v Persaud, 98 AD3d 527, 529, lv denied 20 NY3d
1014, reconsideration denied 21 NY3d 913; People v Marino, 21 AD3d
430, 432, lv denied 5 NY3d 883, cert denied 548 US 908), and the court
did not err in prohibiting all counsel from making extrajudicial
statements in violation of Rule 3.6 of the Rules of Professional
Conduct as set forth in 22 NYCRR 1200.0 (a) and (b) (1) (see e.g.
People v Buttafuoco, 158 Misc 2d 174, 180-181; see generally Sheppard
v Maxwell, 384 US 333, 358-363).
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KA 11-01376
The majority of defendant’s contentions with respect to the
elicitation of testimony regarding his nickname, i.e., Murder or
Murder Matt, are not preserved for our review. Although defendant
objected to the use of those nicknames, the court gave curative
instructions and defendant failed to seek a mistrial or otherwise
object to those instructions. Under those circumstances, “the
curative instructions must be deemed to have corrected the error to
the defendant’s satisfaction” (People v Heide, 84 NY2d 943, 944; see
People v Lane, 106 AD3d 1478, 1480-1481, lv denied 21 NY3d 1043;
People v Adams, 90 AD3d 1508, 1509, lv denied 18 NY3d 954). In any
event, defendant’s preserved and unpreserved contentions are without
merit. Where, as here, “several of the People’s witnesses knew
defendant only by his nicknames, it was permissible for the People to
elicit testimony regarding those nicknames at trial for identification
purposes” (People v Tolliver, 93 AD3d 1150, 1150, lv denied 19 NY3d
968; see People v Hoffler, 41 AD3d 891, 892, lv denied 9 NY3d 962; cf.
People v Collier, 114 AD3d 1136, 1137).
Defendant failed to preserve for our review his contention that
he was denied a fair trial by prosecutorial misconduct during
summation inasmuch as he failed to object to any of the challenged
comments (see People v Ward, 107 AD3d 1605, 1606, lv denied 21 NY3d
1078). In any event, although we agree with defendant that the
prosecutor improperly commented that the “real Murder Matt” is the
person who committed the shootings rather than the mild-mannered man
depicted in the video recordings at the television studio or wearing
glasses at trial (see People v Webb, 90 AD3d 1563, 1565, amended on
rearg 92 AD3d 1268; People v Lauderdale, 295 AD2d 539, 540-541), we
nevertheless conclude that such “ ‘improprieties were not so pervasive
or egregious as to deprive defendant of a fair trial’ ” (People v
Johnson, 303 AD2d 967, 968, lv denied 100 NY2d 583). We further
conclude that “any error with respect to the prosecutor’s use of the
nicknames is harmless inasmuch as the evidence of defendant’s guilt
was overwhelming and there was no significant probability that
defendant would have been acquitted but for the alleged error,
especially in light of the court’s instruction to the jury” (Tolliver,
93 AD3d at 1151; People v Santiago, 255 AD2d 63, 66, lv denied 94 NY2d
829). The remaining instances of alleged prosecutorial misconduct on
summation were “ ‘either a fair response to defense counsel’s
summation or fair comment on the evidence’ ” (People v Green, 60 AD3d
1320, 1322, lv denied 12 NY3d 915).
Defendant further contends that his conviction is not supported
by legally sufficient evidence because the evidence fails to establish
that he was the person who committed the crimes, and fails to
establish that the perpetrator acted with intent, as opposed to
depraved indifference, in killing the victims. Defendant did not
raise the latter point in his motion for a trial order of dismissal
and thus failed to preserve it for our review (see generally People v
Hawkins, 11 NY3d 484, 492-493). In any event, viewing the evidence in
the light most favorable to the People (see People v Williams, 84 NY2d
925, 926), we conclude that it is legally sufficient to establish
defendant’s identity and intent, and thus to support the conviction of
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KA 11-01376
the crimes charged (see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490,
495). Contrary to defendant’s contention that the People’s witnesses
were not credible, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of
the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342,
349), we conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the
evidence (see generally Bleakley, 69 NY2d at 495). “[R]esolution of
issues of credibility, as well as the weight to be accorded to the
evidence presented, are primarily questions to be determined by the
jury” (People v Witherspoon, 66 AD3d 1456, 1457, lv denied 13 NY3d 942
[internal quotation marks omitted]), and we see no reason to disturb
the jury’s resolution of those issues.
We reject defendant’s contention that he was denied effective
assistance of counsel. With respect to defendant’s assertion that his
attorney deprived him of effective assistance of counsel by failing to
make certain motions, it is well settled that counsel is not
ineffective in failing to make a motion that has little or no chance
of success (see generally People v Caban, 5 NY3d 143, 152; People v
Stultz, 2 NY3d 277, 287, rearg denied 3 NY3d 702), and the majority of
defense counsel’s alleged shortcomings here involved motions that had
virtually no chance of success, or involved failures to object to
instances of prosecutorial misconduct that would not warrant reversal
(see People v Goley, 113 AD3d 1083, 1085). Defendant’s contention
that defense counsel took a position adverse to the position of
defendant in his premature CPL article 440 motion is not supported by
the record. In any event, after reviewing that contention and the
remainder of defendant’s allegations of ineffective assistance of
counsel, we conclude that “the evidence, the law and the circumstances
of [this] case, viewed together and as of the time of representation,
reveal that meaningful representation was provided” (People v
Satterfield, 66 NY2d 796, 798-799; see generally People v Baldi, 54
NY2d 137, 147).
The sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.
Entered: October 3, 2014 Frances E. Cafarell
Clerk of the Court