SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department
863
CA 13-00217
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., PERADOTTO, CARNI, VALENTINO, AND WHALEN, JJ.
RUTH ANN PANZICA, PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT,
V MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
MICHAEL R. FANTAUZZI, INDIVIDUALLY AND
DOING BUSINESS AS FANTAUZZI FUNERAL HOME,
FANTAUZZI FUNERAL HOME, DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS,
AND VILLAGE OF FREDONIA, DEFENDANT.
LAW OFFICES OF LAURIE G. ODGEN, BUFFALO (DANIEL J. CAFFREY OF
COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS.
PHILLIPS LYTLE LLP, ROCHESTER (RICHARD T. TUCKER OF COUNSEL), FOR
PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT.
Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Chautauqua County
(James H. Dillon, J.), entered May 3, 2012. The order denied the
motion of defendants-appellants for summary judgment.
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is
unanimously reversed on the law without costs, the motion is granted
and the complaint against defendants Michael R. Fantauzzi,
individually and doing business as Fantauzzi Funeral Home, and
Fantauzzi Funeral Home is dismissed.
Memorandum: Plaintiff commenced this action seeking to recover
damages for injuries she sustained when she slipped and fell on an icy
public sidewalk in front of defendant Fantauzzi Funeral Home
(hereafter, funeral home), which is located in defendant Village of
Fredonia (Village). Defendant Michael R. Fantauzzi, individually and
doing business as Fantauzzi Funeral Home, is the owner of the funeral
home. Michael R. Fantauzzi and the funeral home (collectively,
defendants) moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint
against them. Supreme Court denied the motion, and defendants appeal.
We reverse the order, grant defendants’ motion, and dismiss the
complaint against them.
“Unless a statute or ordinance ‘clearly imposes liability upon’
an abutting landowner, only a municipality may be held liable for the
negligent failure to remove snow and ice from a public sidewalk”
(Smalley v Bemben, 12 NY3d 751, 752, quoting Roark v Hunting, 24 NY2d
470, 475). Here, there is no question that “the terms of the
[Village] Code do not clearly subject landowners to such liability”
(id.; see Fredonia Village Code §§ 240-3, 240-13).
-2- 863
CA 13-00217
Further, we agree with defendants that they established as a
matter of law that they did not derive a special use from the public
sidewalk and that plaintiff failed to raise an issue of fact in
opposition (see generally Zuckerman v City of New York, 49 NY2d 557,
562). Under the special use doctrine, a landowner whose property
abuts a public sidewalk may be liable for injuries that are caused by
a defect in the sidewalk when the municipality has given the landowner
permission to “interfere with a street solely for private use and
convenience in no way connected with the public use” and the landowner
fails to maintain the sidewalk in a reasonably safe condition (Zarnoch
v Williams, 83 AD3d 1373, 1374, lv denied 17 NY3d 708 [internal
quotation marks omitted]). “A special use is typically characterized
by the installation of some object in the sidewalk or street or some
variance in the construction thereof” (id. [internal quotation marks
omitted]; see Guadagno v City of Niagara Falls, 38 AD3d 1310, 1311).
Here, defendants established that the sidewalk was unencumbered by the
installation of any objects or by other variances in construction, and
plaintiff submitted no evidence that “the sidewalk was constructed in
a special manner for the benefit of the abutting owner or occupier”
(Schiavone v Palumbo, 177 AD2d 1045, 1046 [internal quotation marks
omitted]; cf. Williams v Patrick, 30 AD3d 1059, 1059-1060).
Finally, defendants established that their snow removal efforts
“did not create or exacerbate a dangerous condition” on the public
sidewalk (Rak v Country Fair, Inc., 38 AD3d 1240, 1241 [internal
quotation marks omitted]; see also Williams, 30 AD3d at 1060), and
plaintiff failed to raise an issue of fact in opposition. A landowner
whose property abuts a public sidewalk is liable for a dangerous
condition on the sidewalk only if the hazard is created by artificial
means, not by the natural accumulation of ice or snow on a public
sidewalk (see Rader v Walton, 21 AD3d 1409, 1410). Mere speculation
as to the cause of the icy condition is insufficient to raise an issue
of fact (see Romero v ELJ Realty Corp., 38 AD3d 263, 264; Hall v
Gaston, 255 AD2d 1009, 1009), as are conclusory allegations of
negligence (see Prenderville v International Serv. Sys., Inc., 10 AD3d
334, 338). Although plaintiff’s submissions indicated the presence of
ice on the sidewalk where she fell, there was no suggestion of the
manner in which defendants allegedly created or exacerbated that icy
condition. Plaintiff’s theory seems to have been that the ice
accumulated naturally as a result of winter conditions and that
defendants failed to ameliorate the natural accumulation of ice.
Plaintiff, however, has not raised a question of fact whether
defendants created or exacerbated a dangerous condition inasmuch as
she failed to establish that the hazard was created by artificial
means (see Rader, 21 AD3d at 1410).
Entered: September 27, 2013 Frances E. Cafarell
Clerk of the Court