2016 Ark. App. 481
reNSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION II
No. CV-16-558
Opinion Delivered OCTOBER 79,2016
STEFANIE BAIR APPEAL FROM THE FAULKNER
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
APPELLANT INO.23N-14-554]
V. HONORABLE DAVID M. CLARK,
JUDGE
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF
HUMAN SERVICES AND MINOR AFFIRMED
CHILDREN
APPELLEES
DAVID M. GLO\IER, Judge
Stefanie Bair appeals from the termination of her parentd rights to her two children,
R.B. and D.B. She contends 1) the trial court erred "in refusing to consider the argument
that a court may terminate the parental rights of only one parent based on the [court's]
misapprehension that the applicable statutory provision was unconstitutional," and 2) the
trial court erred in finding it was in the children's best interest to terminate her rights where
'We
the evidence of adoptabiliry was questionable. affirm.
The Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) exercised an emergency hold
on the children because of a hotline call alleging that Billy Brown, the children's putative
father, had sexually abused R.B. Following a hearing, the children were adjudicated
dependent-neglected by order entered on February 18, 2015. Custody was continued with
DHS, and a goal of reunification with Stefanie was set with a concurrent goal of adoption.
OnJanuary 7, 2016, DHS filed a petition to terminate parental rights. Following a hearing
2016 Ark. App. 481
on the petition, the trial court entered its March 16, 2016 order terminating the parental
rights of both parents. Billy was cleared of the sexual-abuse charges in a criminal trial, but
he was not cleared of those allegations in the DHS case. In addition, a major concern that
contributed to the termination of Stefanie's parental rights involved her continued
relationship with Billy throughout the case. Only Stefanie is involved in the instant appeal.
In terminating parental rights, the trial couft must make two findings by clear and
convincing evidence: at least one statutory ground must exist, and termination must be in
the best interest of the child. Hamilton v. Arleansa Dep't oJHuman 9erus.,2016 Ark. App.
420; Ark. Code Ann. $ 9-27-341 (Repl. 2015).In making a "best interest" determination,
the trial court must consider two factore: the likelihood that the child will be adopted and
the potential harm to the child if custody is returned to a parent. Hamilton, supra; Ark. Code
Ann. $ 9-27-341,. Clear and convincing evidence is such a degree of proof that produces in
the fact-finder a firm conviction regarding the allegation to be established. Hamihon, supra.
Our review of the termination of parental rights is de novo . Iil. Owinquiry is whether the
trial court's finding that the disputed fact was proved by clear and convincing evidence is
clearly erroneous, and we leave to the fact-finder credibiliry determinations. .Id. A finding
is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to suppoft it, we are left with a definite
and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Shafer u. Arkansas Dep't of Human Sents.,
201,6 Ark. App.208, 489 S.'W.3d I82.
In terminating Stefanie's parental rights, the trial court found as grounds "subsequent
factors" (Ark. Code Ann. $ 9-27-341(bX:XSXvii)(a)) and "aggravated circumstances" (Ark.
2016 Ark. App. 481
Code Ann. $ 9-27-347 (bX3XBXixXa)). With respect to the "subsequent factors" ground,
the termination order provides in pertinent part,
Since this case opened, Stefanie Bair has chosen to remain in a romantic relationship
with the man who sexually abused her daughter. At times during this case, Stefanie
has testified that she did not believe that Billy molested their daughter. At other
times, she has testified that she believes her daughter. Stefanie wrote a statement to
the Faulkner Counry Sheriffs Office inJuly 2015 that she believed that Billy was a
good father and that he was framed for committing sexual abuse. Stefanie was found
to have lied to the Court in September 2075 about not having contact with Billy
Brown, who she had visited in excess of thirty-two (32) times while he was
incarcerated awaiting trial on charges of raping their daughter. 'When Billy was
released from jail, he and Stefanie immediately moved in together. Stefanie testified
at the perrnanency planning hearing in December 2075 that she intended to remain
in a relationship with Billy. When asked how she could ensure that her children
would be safe if they were living in the home with Billy, Stefanie testified that her
' plan was to "keep a good eye" on them. At the termination hearing, Stefanie testified
that she continued to live with Billy and that she would keep the children safe by
putting a lock on their bedroom door and by sleeping in the same bed with her seven
year old daughter and five year old son.
There are no additional services that the Court could have ordered or that DHS
could have offered to remedy the subsequent issues in this case. If Stefanie Bair is in
a relationship with and living with Billy Brown, the juveniles cannot be returned to
Stefanie Bair's custody. Returning the juveniles to Stefanie's custody would mean
returning [R.B.] to the custody of the man who sexually abused her. The Court
finds that [R.B.l deserves to have a life free from the man who sexually abused her.
'With respect to the "aggravated
circumstances" ground, the termination order
provides in pertinent part,
The Court makes a finding that [R.B.] was chronically abused, in that she disclosed
three different perpetraton of sexual abuse at only six years old. The mother and
father have both testified that they believe that Phillip Turner, a registered sex
offender, molested their daughter while he was living in their home. The Court
further finds that [R.8.] was sexudly abused by her father, Billy Brown; by Phillip
Turner, a registered sex offender living in the home; and by [DJ, teenage cousin.
" will result in
The Court finds that there is litde likelihood that services to the family
a successful reunification, as Billy Brown is incapable of remedying the cause of
removal and because Stefanie Bair continues to be in a romantic relationship with
Billy, there are no services that could be provided that would result in a successful
reunification.
2016 Ark. App. 481
For her fint point of appeal, Stefanie contends the trial court erred in refusing to
consider the argument that a court may terminate the parental rights of only one parent
because the court mistakenly believed the applicable statutory provision was
unconstitutional. While we agree that the trial court had no basis for spontaneously
expressing its view that Arkansas Code Annotated section g-27-341(cX2XB) was
unconstitutional, we disagree that the court's opinion in that regard provides a basis for
reversal in this case.
After both sides had rested, the trial court heard arguments from Stefanie's counsel
concerning why some of the alleged grounds for termination did not apply to Stefanie and
arguing that the trial court had the option of terrninating Billy's parental rights while leaving
Stefanie's in place. During this colloquy between the trial court and counsel, the trial court
spontaneously expressed its view that Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-347 (c)(2XB),
which allows for the termination of only one parent's parental rights, was unconstitutional.
None of the parties made such an argument; the trial court just expressed its unsolicited
opinion. Stefanie now argues that in doing so, the trial court "absolutely foreclosed any
consideration of anything less than the termination of Stefanie's parental rights, including
possibly placing the children with Stefanie's mother, Rebecca Harvey."'We disagree.
\Mhile it is unclear why the trial court spontaneously expressed its opinion about the
constitutionality of section g-27-341(c)(2XB) when none of the parties had raised such an
issue, it is abundantly clear that the trial court's termination of Stefanie's parental rights was
rooted in both statutory grounds set out in the termination order and supported by the facts
and rationale explained therein. The termination order makes no mention of sectiong-27-
4
2016 Ark. App. 481
3a1(c)(2)@), nor the trial court's position concerning its constitutionality. It is also clear the
trial court's comments from the bench did not factor into its final rationale for ordering the
termination of Stefanie's parental rights, and consequently they cannot provide a basis for
reversal.
For her remaining point of appeal, Stefanie contends the trial couft erred in finding
it was in the children's best interest to terminate her rights "where the evidence of
adoptability was questionable and where there was insufficient evidence of potential harm
to the children if returned to her custody."'We disagree.
As mentioned previously, in determining if termination is in a child's best interest,
the trial court is to consider the potential for harm if the child is returned to the parent's
custody and the likelihood of the child being adopted. Within this point, Stefanie does not
challenge the trial court's finding ofstatutory grounds for termination, but instead challenges
the best-interest finding.'We find no error.
Regarding adoptability, the trial court had before it testimony that fifty-seven
potential families matched the children's characteristics, i.e., two Caucasian siblings, one
who was the victim of sexual abuse and the other having developmental delays; that R.B.
and D.B. were adoptable; that the children had been well-behaved and helpful since
entering foster care; that the foster mother would adopt them henelf if not for her age and
lifestyle; that they had thrived in the foster mother's home and had benefitted from therapies
and services; and that DHS had succeeded in finding families in the past for children similar
to R.B. and D.B.
2016 Ark. App. 481
As to potential harm, it was the initid sexual abuse of R.B. by Billy Brown that
initiated this case. The trial was concerned that Stefanie maintained her relationship with
Billy throughout the case. Her plans for protecting the children if she and Billy had been
allowed to retain their parental rights were as follows: she and Billy would sleep in different
rooms; the children would stay with her; she'would lock her bedroom door; and she would
never leave the children alone. Further, the trial court specifically found that Stefanie had
been less than honest with DHS and the court about her continued relationship with Billy
after the abuse allegations had come to light. A parent's past conduct often provides a good
indication of what the future may hold. Painter u. Arkansas Dep't of Human $erus.,2013 Ark.
App. 602. The potential for harm was clear.
Affirmed.
GraowIN, CJ., and VtnpEN,J., agree.
Tina Bowers Lee, Arkansas Public Defender Commission, Dependency-Neglect Appellate Division,
for appellant.
Andrew Firth, Office of Chief Counsel, for appellee.
Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith L. Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor children.