[Cite as State v. Jones, 2016-Ohio-7553.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ASHTABULA COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : OPINION
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
CASE NO. 2016-A-0028
- vs - :
BRANDON T. JONES, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal from the Ashtabula County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2014
CR 00256.
Judgment: Affirmed.
Nicholas A. Iarocci, Ashtabula County Prosecutor, and Shelley M. Pratt, Assistant
Prosecutor, Ashtabula County Courthouse, 25 West Jefferson Street, Jefferson, OH
44047 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).
Joseph A. Pfundstein, P.O. Box 46449, Cleveland, OH 44139 (For Defendant-
Appellant).
COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J.
{¶1} Brandon T. Jones appeals from the judgment of the Ashtabula County
Court of Common Pleas, denying his motion to suppress in a drug case. Mr. Jones
contends he was subjected to an unconstitutional search and seizure during the traffic
stop leading to his arrest. Finding no error, we affirm.
{¶2} In the early hours of April 23, 2014, State Trooper Damion Assink was
patrolling West Avenue in the City of Ashtabula, Ohio, when he observed a Dodge
Magnum without illumination to its rear license plate. Trooper Assink began to follow
the Dodge, and observed it make several turns without signaling. At approximately
2:47:12 a.m., Trooper Assink initiated a traffic stop.
{¶3} Trooper Assink approached the passenger side door of the Dodge at
2:47:48 a.m., and began speaking with the driver, Mr. Jones. The trooper asked where
Mr. Jones was coming from, and Mr. Jones replied from his cousin’s house in Geneva,
Ohio. The trooper also asked where Mr. Jones was headed, and the latter replied
home. The trooper asked for Mr. Jones’ license, registration, and proof of insurance.
Mr. Jones handed over his license, but could not find the registration or proof of
insurance. He told the trooper the car belonged to his cousin, James Jones, and was
probably registered to his business, Fresh Look Urban Clothing. The trooper noticed
the license listed Mr. Jones’ residence as Cleveland, Ohio. The trooper radioed in a
request for a canine unit, then returned to his cruiser at about 2:50:11 a.m.
{¶4} At about 2:52:29 a.m., Trooper Assink returned to the Dodge, and asked
Mr. Jones if the Cleveland address on his license was current. Mr. Jones said it was,
but that he was going to his girlfriend’s home on Bardmoor. The trooper returned to his
cruiser at 2:52:48 a.m., to work on the citation.
{¶5} Officer Hilderbrandt of the Ashtabula City Police Department arrived with
his dog, Jax. Trooper Assink approached the Dodge at 2:57:20 a.m. Trooper Assink
asked Mr. Jones to exit the Dodge then conducted a pat down search for weapons
between 2:58:22 a.m. and 2:59:14 a.m., before placing Mr. Jones in his cruiser.
2
Trooper Assink also entered the cruiser, to continue writing the citation, while Officer
Hilderbrandt and Jax approached the Dodge at 3:00:08 a.m. Jax alerted at 3:01.04
a.m. A subsequent search of the Dodge revealed drugs.
{¶6} Mr. Jones was arrested for the drugs, and also issued a traffic citation.
{¶7} June 26, 2014, Mr. Jones was indicted by the Ashtabula County Grand
Jury for aggravated possession of drugs, in violation of R.C. 2925.11(A)(C)(1)(d), a first
degree felony, and possession of heroin, in violation of R.C. 2925.11(A)(C)(6)(e), also a
first degree felony. July 15, 2014, Mr. Jones entered a written plea of not guilty. Motion
practice ensued. September 12, 2014, Mr. Jones moved to suppress. After numerous
delays, hearing went forward August 12, 2015. The parties stipulated to the evidence:
Trooper Assink’s report, and the DVD of the traffic stop. Following hearing, the parties
submitted briefs.
{¶8} September 26, 2015, the trial court denied the motion to suppress.
November 20, 2015, a change of plea hearing was held. Mr. Jones entered a plea of no
contest to possession of heroin. The aggravated possession of drugs charge was
dismissed.
{¶9} Sentencing hearing was set for January 28, 2016. At the hearing, Mr.
Jones moved to withdraw his plea of no contest. The trial court ordered the parties to
file briefs on the issue, and set the matter for hearing. However, Mr. Jones failed to file
his brief, and sentencing hearing went forward March 3, 2016. By a judgment entry filed
March 4, 2016, the trial court sentenced Mr. Jones to three years imprisonment, and to
pay restitution to the Ohio State Highway Patrol Crime Lab in the amount of $105.00.
Finding Mr. Jones indigent, the trial court waived the mandatory $10,000 fine attached
3
to the crime. The trial court further advised Mr. Jones that he was subject to five years
mandatory post-release control.
{¶10} April 1, 2016, Mr. Jones timely noticed this appeal, assigning a single
error: “Trial court erred in overruling defendant-appellant’s motion to suppress as the
use of drug sniffing dog in this case was unconstitutional.”
{¶11} “‘Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of
law and fact.’ State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003-Ohio-5372, ¶8, * * *. During
a hearing on a motion to suppress, the trial judge acts as the trier of fact and, as such,
is in the best position to resolve factual questions and assess the credibility of
witnesses. State v. Mills, 62 Ohio St.3d 357, 366, * * * (1992). The appellate court
must accept the trial court’s factual findings, provided they are supported by competent,
credible evidence. Burnside at ¶8. Thereafter, the appellate court must determine,
without deference to the trial court, whether the applicable legal standard has been met.
Bainbridge v. Kaseda, 11th Dist. No. 2007-G-2797, 2008-Ohio-2136, ¶20. Thus, we
review the trial court’s application of the law to the facts de novo. State v. McNamara,
124 Ohio App.3d 706, 710, * * * (4th Dist.1997).” (Parallel citations omitted.) State v.
Haynes, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2012-A-0032, 2013-Ohio-2401, ¶36.
{¶12} Mr. Jones advances several arguments in support of his assignment of
error. First, he cites to the recent decision in Rodriguez v. United States, 135 S.Ct.
1609 (2015). In that case, a Nebraska police officer spotted Dennys Rodriguez veer
onto the berm of the highway, a traffic infraction. Id. at 1612. The officer stopped Mr.
Rodriguez at about 12:06 a.m. The officer questioned Mr. Rodriguez and his
passenger, then returned to his cruiser, and conducted a records check, before
4
returning to Mr. Rodriguez’s car, asking for the passenger’s license, and returning to the
cruiser to conduct a records check on him. Id. at 1613.
{¶13} No later than 12:28 a.m., the officer in Rodriguez had completed a written
warning, which he gave to Mr. Rodriguez. Rodriguez at 1613. Nevertheless, the officer
refused Mr. Rodriguez permission to leave, since the officer had asked for a canine unit.
The unit arrived at 12:33 a.m., and the dog quickly alerted on Mr. Rodriguez’s car,
which contained methamphetamines. Id.
{¶14} Mr. Rodriguez was indicted in the United States District Court for the
District of Nebraska. Rodriguez at 1613. He moved to suppress, which the district
court denied, finding the period he was required to wait for the canine unit to arrive was
a “de minimus” intrusion on his Fourth Amendment Rights. Id. Mr. Rodriguez
appealed, and the United States Circuit Court for the Eighth Circuit affirmed. Id. at
1614.
{¶15} The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari. In pertinent part, it
held:
{¶16} “In Illinois v. Caballes, 543 U.S. 405, * * * (2005), this Court held that a
dog sniff conducted during a lawful traffic stop does not violate the Fourth Amendment’s
proscription of unreasonable seizures. This case presents the question whether the
Fourth Amendment tolerates a dog sniff conducted after completion of a traffic stop. We
hold that a police stop exceeding the time needed to handle the matter for which the
stop was made violates the Constitution’s shield against unreasonable seizures. A
seizure justified only by a police-observed traffic violation, therefore, ‘become(s)
unlawful if it is prolonged beyond the time reasonably required to complete th(e)
5
mission’ of issuing a ticket for the violation. Id., at 407, * * *. The Court so recognized in
Caballes, and we adhere to the line drawn in that decision.” (Parallel citations omitted.)
Rodriguez at 1612.
{¶17} The Rodriguez court further noted that officers must diligently pursue the
investigation in a traffic stop. Rodriguez at 1614, quoting United States v. Sharpe, 470
U.S. 675, 686. It also noted an officer may conduct “unrelated checks during an
otherwise lawful traffic stop * * * [b]ut * * * may not do so in a way that prolongs the stop,
absent the reasonable suspicion ordinarily demanded to justify detaining an individual.”
Id. at 1615.
{¶18} Rodriguez is factually distinguishable from this case. Trooper Assink did
not detain Mr. Jones following the issuance of a citation to allow the canine unit to
arrive. He had not yet issued the citation when that unit arrived and Jax alerted on the
Dodge. There is nothing to indicate Trooper Assink unnecessarily prolonged the traffic
stop to allow the canine unit to arrive. He called the canine unit during his initial
conversation with Mr. Jones; that unit arrived within five or six minutes; and Jax alerted
at 3:01 a.m. – less than 14 minutes after the initiation of the traffic stop. Pursuant to
Rodriguez, Trooper Assink was entitled to conduct a check unrelated to issuing the
traffic citation, as long as that check did not prolong the traffic stop. Id. at 1615.
{¶19} Mr. Jones also cites to State v. Batchili, 113 Ohio St.3d 403, 2007-Ohio-
2204, wherein the court delineated the standards for identifying whether a traffic stop is
of reasonable duration:
6
{¶20} “‘(W)hen detaining a motorist for a traffic violation, an officer may delay the
motorist for a time period sufficient to issue a ticket or a warning. State v. Keathley
(1988), 55 Ohio App.3d 130, 131 * * *. This measure includes the period of time
sufficient to run a computer check on the driver’s license, registration, and vehicle
plates. State v. Bolden, Preble App. No. CA2003-03-007, 2004-Ohio-184, ¶17, citing
Delaware v. Prouse (1979), 440 U.S. 648, 659, * * *. “In determining if an officer
completed these tasks within a reasonable length of time, the court must evaluate the
duration of the stop in light of the totality of the circumstances and consider whether the
officer diligently conducted the investigation.” State v. Carlson (1995), 102 Ohio App.3d
585, 598-599 * * *, citing State v. Cook (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 516, 521-522 * * *, and
U.S. v. Sharpe (1985), 470 U.S. 675 * * *.’” (Parallel citations omitted.) Batchili at ¶12,
quoting State v. Howard, 12th Dist. Preble Nos. CA2006-02-002 and CA2006-02-003,
2006-Ohio-5656, ¶15.
{¶21} Again, Batchili is of no comfort to Mr. Jones: under the totality of the
circumstances in this case, Trooper Assink conducted a diligent investigation during the
traffic stop, and did not unreasonably extend it in obtaining the canine unit.
{¶22} Mr. Jones further objects that Trooper Assink had no reasonable suspicion
to justify bringing in the canine unit. But pursuant to Rodriguez, supra, he did not
require any reasonable suspicion to call in that unit, so long as the traffic stop was not
prolonged. Id. at 1615. In this case, the traffic stop was not prolonged.
{¶23} The assignment of error is without merit.
7
{¶24} The judgment of the Ashtabula County Court of Common Pleas is
affirmed.
CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, P.J.,
TIMOTHY P. CANNON, J.,
concur.
8