J-S74042-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
v.
KENNETH BERNARD SCHADE
Appellant No. 3679 EDA 2015
Appeal from the PCRA Order November 9, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-45-CR-0000681-2014, CP-45-CR-0000917-
2014
BEFORE: OTT, J., RANSOM, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY RANSOM, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 03, 2016
Kenneth Bernard Schade appeals from the order entered November 9,
2015, dismissing his petition for relief filed pursuant to the Post Conviction
Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
We adopt the following statement of facts from the PCRA court’s
opinion, which in turn is supported by the record. See PCRA Court Opinion
(PCO), 11/9/15, at 1-2. On July 14, 2014, Appellant entered into a
negotiated guilty plea to one count of statutory sexual assault and two
counts of possessing child pornography.1 The underlying facts of Appellant’s
first case were that, between 1995 and 1997, he had sexual relations with
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1
18 Pa.C.S. § 3122.1(a) and 18 Pa.C.S. § 6312(d), respectively.
*
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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S. T., a person less than sixteen years of age. In the second case, Appellant
possessed 1,101 images of child pornography.
In exchange for this plea, the Commonwealth agreed to nolle pros the
remaining charges on both dockets. At docket number 681-2014, the
charges of Rape—Forcible Compulsion, Involuntary Deviate Sexual
Intercourse with Person Less than Sixteen Years of Age, Aggravated
Indecent Assault with Person Less than Sixteen Years of Age, and Corruption
of Minors were nolle prossed.2 At docket number 917-2014, 1,099
additional counts of possessing child pornography were nolle prossed.
On January 7, 2015, the court held a hearing pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. §
9799.24(e) to determine if Appellant met the criteria to be classified as a
sexually violent predator (SVP) and immediately thereafter proceeded to
sentencing. The court found that Appellant was an SVP and sentenced him
to an aggregate of 54 to 120 months’ incarceration.3
On April 29, 2015, Appellant pro se filed a petition for PCRA relief,
which the PCRA court dismissed as premature. On July 7, 2015, Appellant
timely filed a counseled petition seeking PCRA relief, claiming that prior
counsel unlawfully induced his guilty plea. On September 14, 2015, the
PCRA court held an evidentiary hearing on the petition.
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2
18 Pa.C.S. § 3121(a)(1), § 3123(a)(7), 3125(a)(8), and 6301(a),
respectively.
3
Although Appellant filed a post-sentence motion to modify his sentence,
which the court denied on April 15, 2015, he did not file a direct appeal.
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Plea counsel, Philip Lauer, testified that he extensively discussed the
plea agreement with Appellant and the reasons the agreement was beneficial
to him. See Notes of Testimony (N. T.), 9/14/15, at 5-26, 33, 40, 44-45.
Specifically, Mr. Lauer discussed the high volume of serious charges brought
against Appellant and the possibility of a lengthy consecutive sentence. Id.
at 31-32. Mr. Lauer knew Appellant was unhappy with the outcome of the
agreement and had discussed Appellant’s misgivings with him, but he
believed Appellant understood and accepted the reasoning and benefits
behind the plea agreement. Id. at 33, 44-45, 48. Mr. Lauer was aware of
Appellant’s physical maladies and Appellant’s proposed defenses. Id. at 26-
28.
Appellant testified that he informed Mr. Lauer of proposed defenses to
the crimes of which he was accused. See N. T., 9/14/15, at 54-56. He
claimed he did not adequately read or review his guilty plea colloquy, and
Mr. Lauer demanded he sign it. Id. at 59-61. Appellant claimed he wrote
numerous letters to Mr. Lauer stating he did not wish to take a plea bargain
and “do perjury.” Id. at 64. Appellant claimed he could not hear any of the
questions posed by the court at the guilty plea colloquy. Id. at 65-66.
On November 9, 2015, the PCRA court issued an order and
memorandum opinion dismissing Appellant’s petition. Appellant timely
appealed and filed a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement. The PCRA
court issued a 1925(a) statement incorporating its prior memorandum
opinion.
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Before this Court, Appellant raises the following issue:
Should the court permit the seventy-five year old defendant to
withdraw the guilty plea where: defendant was overwhelmed by
the destruction of a life’s work, was overwhelmed by his “outing”
as a homosexual, was hearing impaired and in poor physical and
emotional health due to his age, he steadfastly denied a crime
had actually occurred because the sexual acts were consensual
and initiated by the complainant, the pictures were protected by
the first amendment, and defendant was essentially unaware
that he could request to withdraw his plea before April 2015?
Appellant’s Brief at 4 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).4
We review an order denying a petition under the PCRA to determine
whether the findings of the PCRA court are supported by the evidence of
record and free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Ragan, 923 A.2d 1169,
1170 (Pa. 2007). We afford the court’s findings deference unless there is no
support for them in the certified record. Commonwealth v. Brown, 48
A.3d 1275, 1277 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citing Commonwealth v. Anderson,
995 A.2d 1184, 1189 (Pa. Super. 2010)).
Although his statement of the question involved is unartfully phrased,
essentially Appellant raises a single issue: counsel was ineffective in advising
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4
To the extent that Appellant attempts to raise other claims in relation to or
support of this issue, he does not return to them in the argument section of
his appellate brief; therefore, these claims are waived for lack of
development. See Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1262
(Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc) (failure to conform to the Rules of Appellate
Procedure results in waiver of the underlying issue); see also Pa.R.A.P.
2119(a), (b) (requiring a properly developed argument for each question
presented including a discussion of and citation to authorities in appellate
brief).
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him to accept a negotiated guilty plea.5 Appellant raises two arguments in
support of this issue: 1) that counsel unlawfully induced his guilty plea, and
2) that he suffered from a diminished mental capacity and could not
understand what was occurring during the proceedings. Thus, Appellant
concludes that his plea was involuntary.
We presume counsel is effective. Commonwealth v. Washington,
927 A.2d 586, 594 (Pa. 2007). To overcome this presumption and establish
the ineffective assistance of counsel, a PCRA petitioner must prove, by a
preponderance of the evidence that: “(1) the underlying legal issue has
arguable merit; (2) counsel’s actions lacked an objective reasonable basis;
and (3) actual prejudice befell the petitioner from counsel’s act or omission.”
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 966 A.2d 523, 533 (Pa. 2009) (citations
omitted). “A petitioner establishes prejudice when he demonstrates that
there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional
errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Id. A claim
will be denied if the petitioner fails to meet any one of these requirements.
Commonwealth v. Springer, 961 A.2d 1262, 1267 (Pa. Super. 2008)
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5
Appellant raised the same issue, challenging plea counsel’s advice, in his
counseled amended PCRA petition, argued it before the court at the
evidentiary hearing, his brief in support of his PCRA, and raised it again in
his 1925(b) statement. See Appellant’s amended PCRA petition at 4-5;
PCRA evidentiary hearing, 9/14/15 at 5-87; Appellant’s PCRA brief at 1-11;
Appellant’s 1925(b) statement, at 1.
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(citing Commonwealth v. Natividad, 938 A.2d 310, 322 (Pa. 2007));
Commonwealth v. Jones, 942 A.2d 903, 906 (Pa. Super. 2008).
Where an appellant asserts that counsel unlawfully induced his guilty
plea that claim is cognizable under the PCRA’s ineffectiveness subsection.
See Commonwealth v. Lynch, 820 A.2d 728, 732 (Pa. Super. 2003); see
also 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(ii). We review allegations of counsel’s
ineffectiveness in connection with a guilty plea as follows:
The standard for post-sentence withdrawal of guilty pleas
dovetails with the arguable merit/prejudice requirements for
relief based on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel under
which the defendant must show that counsel’s deficient
stewardship resulted in a manifest injustice, for example, by
facilitating entry of an unknowing, involuntary, or unintelligent
plea. See, e.g., [Commonwealth v.] Allen, 558 Pa. [135,]
144, 732 A.2d [582,] 587 [(1999)]).” Allegations of
ineffectiveness in connection with the entry of a guilty plea will
serve as a basis for relief only if the ineffectiveness caused
appellant to enter an involuntary or unknowing plea.”…
The standard is equivalent to the ‘manifest injustice’ standard
applicable to all post-sentence motions to withdraw a guilty plea.
Commonwealth v. Morrison, 878 A.2d 102, 105 (Pa. Super. 2005) (some
citations omitted; brackets in original). Where a defendant enters a plea on
the advice of counsel, the voluntariness of the plea depends on whether the
advice was within the range of competence demanded of attorneys in
criminal cases. Commonwealth v. Timchak, 69 A.3d 765, 769 (Pa. Super.
2013). In determining whether a plea was entered knowingly and
voluntarily, this Court considers the totality of the circumstances
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surrounding the plea. Commonwealth v. Flanagan, 854 A.2d 489, 513
(Pa. 2004).
Although Appellant alleges that ineffective assistance of counsel
induced him to plead guilty, the record belies that statement. Plea counsel
testified that he advised Appellant to plead based upon his sincere belief that
it would be more beneficial for Appellant, due to the reduction in the severity
and number of charges. See N. T., 9/14/15, at 31, 37-38, 40. Additionally,
plea counsel discussed with Appellant possible defenses and concluded that
the plea bargain was still to Appellant’s benefit. Id. at 19-20, 39-40. This
advice was within the range of competence demanded of an attorney in a
criminal case. See Timchak, 69 A.3d at 769; but see Commonwealth v.
Barndt, 74 A.3d 185, 201 (Pa. Super. 2013) (noting that counsel’s
inaccurate advice regarding collateral consequences of a guilty plea was not
within the range of competence for an attorney).
The PCRA court found credible Mr. Lauer’s testimony that he had
discussed the guilty plea with Appellant and that, although Appellant was
unhappy with the idea of pleading guilty, understood that he would be in a
better legal position than he would be if he proceeded to trial on all charges
and faced significant sentences. PCO at 5-7. The PCRA court did not find
credible Appellant’s testimony that he did not intend to plead guilty or could
not hear the conversations, based upon multiple inconsistencies in his
testimony as well as his ability to engage in reasoned conversations with the
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court during the plea colloquy and PCRA evidentiary hearing. PCO at 6-7.
We may not disturb this credibility finding, as it is supported by the record.
See Johnson, 966 A.2d at 539 (noting that the credibility determinations of
the PCRA court are “provided great deference” if supported by the record).
Based on the above, Appellant is not entitled to relief.
Appellant also attempts to argue that counsel should have recognized
Appellant’s diminished mental capacity. Thus, he avers his plea was
unknowing and involuntary.
The “[t]est for determining a defendant’s mental competency to enter
a guilty plea is whether he had sufficient ability at the pertinent time to
consult with counsel with a reasonable degree of rational understanding, and
have . . . a rational, as well as a factual[,] understanding of the proceedings
against him.” Commonwealth v. Long, 456 A.2d 641, 644 (Pa. Super.
1983). The PCRA court found that, based on Appellant’s testimony and the
evidence of the record, Appellant was able to participate in the plea colloquy
and consult with counsel with a reasonable degree of rational understanding
of the proceedings. We agree.
The record reflects that Appellant participated in a guilty plea colloquy
and indicated that he understood the proceedings, was pleading guilty of his
own free will, had discussed the agreement and sentencing guidelines with
his attorney, and believed the plea to be in his best interest. PCO at 5; see
also N. T., 7/14/14, at 5-10, 16-17; see also Written Guilty Plea Colloquy,
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7/14/14, at 1-4. Appellant indicated he was not suffering from a mental
health diagnosis or disability that would render him incapable of entering a
knowing and involuntary plea. See N. T., 7/14/14, at 5-6. Appellant
testified he was satisfied with the representation of counsel. Id. at 10.
Further, Appellant asked and answered questions and actively participated in
the colloquy. Id. at 6, 8-9.
Appellant accepted the factual basis of the plea and admitted to
committing statutory sexual assault and possessing child pornography. See
N. T., 7/14/15, at 6; see Written Guilty Plea Colloquy, 7/14/14, at 1-4. He
understood the rights he was foregoing with his plea, indicated he was
pleased with the representation of counsel, and stated that no one had
coerced him into pleading guilty. See Commonwealth v. Muhammad, 74
A.2d 378, 384 (Pa. Super. 2002) (stating that appellant cannot claim that he
involuntarily entered a guilty plea where he stated that no one threatened
him to plead guilty); see also Commonwealth v. Tareila, 895 A.2d 1266,
1267 (Pa. Super. 2006) (stating that “[t]he entry of a guilty plea constitutes
a waiver of all defects and defenses except lack of jurisdiction, invalidity of
the plea, and illegality of the sentence.”).
Based upon our review of record and the totality of the circumstances,
we conclude that Appellant knowingly and voluntarily entered the guilty plea.
The law does not require that Appellant be pleased with the results of
his decision to enter a guilty plea, only that the plea be knowingly,
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voluntarily, and intelligently made. See Brown, 48 A.3d at 1277. Based on
the above, we conclude that Mr. Lauer acted reasonably in advising
Appellant to accept the guilty plea and that Appellant knowingly, voluntarily,
and intelligently participated in the colloquy. Thus, no manifest injustice
occurred. See Timchak, 69 A.3d at 769; see also Brown, 48 A.3d at
1277; see also Morrison, 878 A.2d at 105.
Accordingly, we discern no error in the PCRA court’s decision to
dismiss Appellant’s petition following an evidentiary hearing. Appellant’s
claim is without merit, and he is entitled to no relief.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/3/2016
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Com. v. Schade, B.
Combined Opinion