[Cite as Frisby v. Solberg, 2016-Ohio-7644.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
BUTLER COUNTY
TERI R. FRISBY, :
CASE NO. CA2015-11-204
Plaintiff-Appellant, :
OPINION
: 11/7/2016
- vs -
:
JAMES SOLBERG, et al., :
Defendants-Appellees. :
CIVIL APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CV2013-11-3181
The Law Offices of Jason A. Showen, LLC, Jason Showen, 324 East Warren Street,
Lebanon, Ohio 45036, for appellant
David Chicarelli Co., LPA, David Chicarelli, 614 East Second Street, Franklin, Ohio 45005,
for appellees
S. POWELL, J.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Teri R. Frisby, appeals from the decision of the Butler County
Court of Common Pleas granting a judgment in favor of defendants-appellees, Elizabeth and
James Solberg. For the reasons outlined below, we affirm as modified.
{¶ 2} This case involves a dispute regarding a contractual agreement between the
parties for the purchase, repair, and resell of antique motorcycles and motorcycle parts. The
Butler CA2015-11-204
Solbergs argued that the parties entered into a partnership for this business venture where
they would be paid for the work completed on the motorcycles and motorcycle parts and split
the profits with Frisby once they were sold. On the other hand, Frisby denied that any
partnership was ever established. Instead, Frisby argued that she merely agreed to pay the
Solbergs for the parts and work necessary to have the motorcycles repaired, splitting any
proceeds from the sale of unused parts, but not the motorcycles themselves. The matter
ultimately proceeded to a bench trial where the trial court heard testimony from both Frisby
and the Solbergs.
{¶ 3} Following the bench trial, the trial court granted judgment to the Solbergs upon
finding "there was a discernable and enforceable oral agreement between [Frisby] and [the
Solbergs] whereby the acts of both parties reveal a clear intent to be bound via contract and
partnership." As part of this decision, the trial court noted the evidence indicating Frisby had
offered a witness $30,000 to testify on her behalf. Although Frisby claimed she was drunk
when making such an offer, as well as when she discussed creating a partnership with the
Solbergs, the trial court determined that Frisby's testimony "ha[d] no credibility." The trial
court then awarded damages to the Solbergs in the amount of $107,520.07.
{¶ 4} Frisby now appeals from the trial court's decision, raising four assignments of
error for review. For ease of discussion, Frisby's third and fourth assignments of error will be
addressed together.
{¶ 5} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 6} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF APPELLANT IN
FINDING THE EXISTENCE OF A CONTRACT BETWEEN APPELLANT AND THE
APPELLEES.
{¶ 7} In her first assignment of error, Frisby argues the trial court's decision finding
the parties had entered into an oral contract and partnership agreement was against the
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manifest weight of the evidence. We disagree.
{¶ 8} "The standard of review for a manifest weight challenge in a civil case is the
same as that applied to a criminal case." Dunn v. Clark, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2015-06-
055, 2016-Ohio-641, ¶ 8. In considering a manifest weight challenge, "the reviewing court
weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and
determines whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the finder of fact clearly lost its
way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the judgment must be reversed
and a new trial ordered." Schneble v. Stark, 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2011-06-063 and
CA2011-06-064, 2012-Ohio-3130, ¶ 67, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387
(1997). A judgment will not be reversed as being against the manifest weight of the evidence
where the "judgment is supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all
essential elements of the case." Ashburn v. Roth, 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2006-03-054 and
CA2006-03-070, 2007-Ohio-2995, ¶ 26, citing C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Const. Co., 54 Ohio
St.2d 279 (1978), syllabus. In making this determination, an appellate court generally must
defer to the trier of fact on issues of credibility. Ohio Valley Associated Bldrs. & Contrs. v.
Rapier Elec., Inc., 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2013-07-110 and CA2013-07-121, 2014-Ohio-
1477, ¶ 32.
{¶ 9} In order to establish a breach of contract claim, a plaintiff must prove (1) the
existence of a contract, (2) plaintiff fulfilled its contractual obligations, (3) defendant failed to
fulfill its contractual obligations, and (4) plaintiff incurred damages as a result. Underwood v.
Boeppler, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2014-02-055, 2015-Ohio-156, ¶ 13. The essential
elements of a contract include an offer, acceptance, contractual capacity, consideration, a
manifestation of mutual assent, and legality of object and consideration. Artisan Mechanical
Inc. v. Beiser, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2010-02-039, 2010-Ohio-5427, ¶ 26. "Mutual assent
or 'a meeting of the minds' means that both parties have reached an agreement on the
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contract's essential terms." Nguyen v. Chen, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2013-10-191, 2014-
Ohio-5188, ¶ 43, citing Id. at ¶ 27. The essential terms of a contract include the identity of
the parties to be bound, the subject-matter of the contract, the consideration to be
exchanged, and the price to be paid. Turner v. Langenbrunner, 12th Dist. Warren No.
CA2003-10-099, 2004-Ohio-2814, ¶ 13.
{¶ 10} An oral contract may be enforceable when the terms of the agreement are
sufficiently particular. Kostelnik v. Helper, 96 Ohio St.3d 1, 2002-Ohio-2985, ¶ 15. "Terms of
an oral contract may be determined from the parties' words, deeds, and acts, as well as their
silence." A N Bros. Corp. v. Total Quality Logistics, L.L.C., 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2015-
02-021, 2016-Ohio-549, ¶ 26. However, seldom, if ever, does the evidence establishing an
oral contract present its terms in the exact words of offer and acceptance found in formal
written contracts. Depompei v. Santabarbara, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101163, 2015-Ohio-
18, ¶ 22. Rather, the goal in enforcing oral contracts is to hold people to the promises they
make. Id. "In a bench trial, the trial court, as the trier of fact, must resolve any evidentiary
conflict surrounding disputed provisions of an oral contract." Ford v. Van Stop, Inc., 12th
Dist. Butler No. CA98-03-064, 1998 WL 904677, *2 (Dec. 30, 1998).
{¶ 11} Although faced with conflicting testimony, the record nevertheless contains
competent and credible evidence to support the trial court's finding that the parties entered
into an oral contract and partnership agreement for the purchase, repair, and resale of
antique motorcycles and motorcycle parts. Just as the trial court found, the record indicates
that both parties referred to their business venture as a partnership and acknowledged the
roles of each party within the partnership. Mrs. Solberg even testified that Frisby asked her
and her husband on more than one occasion to "go into a partnership" where they would "put
the bikes back together" and then sell them and "split the profit." Mr. Solberg also testified
that a partnership was created where they agreed to split the profits of the motorcycles he
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restored and repaired.
{¶ 12} However, just like the trial court, what we find most significant is the handwritten
note prepared by Frisby that explicitly states her partners, the Solbergs, "have ownership of
half of every and all the bikes and parts" at issue. The same handwritten note also states
that the Solbergs "know my wishes for any money that my half of the proceeds of this
partnership may produce." This note was signed by both Frisby and the Solbergs. Although
Frisby attempted to explain away the significance of this note, as well as the fact that she
offered a witness $30,000 to testify on her behalf, the trial court, as the trier of fact, was well
within its bounds to find Frisby's testimony regarding her business relationship with the
Solbergs lacked all credibility. Therefore, because we find the trial court's decision was
supported by competent and credible evidence, Frisby's first assignment of error lacks merit
and is overruled.
{¶ 13} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 14} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT OFFSETTING AND/OR MITIGATING
APPELLANT'S DAMAGES, ASSUMING ARGUENDO THAT A BREACH OF CONTRACT
OCCURRED.
{¶ 15} In her second assignment of error, Frisby argues the trial court erred by failing
to offset and/or mitigate the $107,520.07 in damages awarded to the Solbergs. We agree in
part.
{¶ 16} The measure of damages in a contract action is the amount necessary to place
the non-breaching party in the position he or she would have been in had the breaching party
fully performed under the contract. Baird v. Crop Prod. Servs., Inc., 12th Dist. Fayette Nos.
CA2011-03-003 and CA2011-04-005, 2012-Ohio-4022, ¶ 24. "Where the amount of the
award of damages is in dispute, as long as competent, credible evidence supports the award,
the decision of the trier of fact may not be overturned on appeal." Macdonald v. Authentic
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Invests., L.L.C., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 15AP-801, 2016-Ohio-4640, ¶ 40.
{¶ 17} According to Frisby, the trial court failed to consider approximately $70,000 in
"equitable offsets" in awarding the Solbergs $107,520.07 in damages. In support of this
claim, Frisby argues the trial court erred by awarding the Solbergs' damages to compensate
them for the (1) items they traded in order to obtain the necessary engine repair equipment
and tools they valued at $25,215, as well as the (2) $1,980 they spent on a trailer to store the
motorcycles and parts on their property they now valued at minimum of $1,200. Frisby also
claims it was error for the trial court not to offset the (3) $20,000 in cash payments she
allegedly made to the Solbergs for parts and work done on the disputed property, the (4)
$15,000 in payments she claims to have made by check to the Solbergs for repairs made to
the disputed property, and the (5) $1,112.63 payment she made to the Solbergs to reimburse
them for purchasing certain items at auction. Lastly, Frisby claims it was error for the trial
court to include as damages the (6) $6,005 in labor costs Frisby claims the Solbergs
requested for "work on other personal property."
{¶ 18} After a thorough review of the record, we find no error in the trial court's
decision not to offset the $20,000 in cash payments Frisby allegedly made to the Solbergs for
parts and work done on the disputed property, the $15,000. payments she claims to have
made by check to the Solbergs for parts and repairs made to the disputed property, or the
$6,005 in labor costs requested by the Solbergs for additional unpaid work done on the
disputed property, as Frisby failed to prove these monies were actually paid to the Solbergs
or that they were paid in order to fully compensate the Solbergs in accordance with the
parties' partnership agreement. In reaching this decision, we again note that the trial court
found Frisby's testimony lacked all credibility. The Solbergs are entitled to be reimbursed for
the parts they purchased and compensated for the work they completed. This amount
should not be offset from the Solbergs' damages award.
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{¶ 19} However, as it relates to the check for $1,112.63 Frisby wrote to reimburse the
Solbergs for purchasing certain parts at auction, we find the trial court erred by not offsetting
this amount. Although there is some conflicting testimony, the record indicates Frisby paid
that amount to the Solbergs to reimburse them for making some of these purchases. In fact,
when specifically asked about the $1,112.63 check written by Frisby to Mrs. Solberg, Mrs.
Solberg testified that "it would appear that [Frisby] reimbursed me." This amount should be
offset from the Solbergs' damages award.
{¶ 20} Furthermore, as it relates to the items the Solbergs traded in order to obtain the
necessary engine repair equipment and tools the Solbergs valued at $25,215, as well as the
trailer the Solbergs purchased now valued at a minimum of $1,200, because the Solbergs
still own and intend to use this property, we find the trial court erred by not offsetting the
Solbergs' damages award by an additional $26,415. By providing such an offset, this places
the Solbergs in the same position they would have been had Frisby fully performed under the
contract. To hold otherwise would allow the Solbergs to retain and use this property
essentially for free. This amount should also be offset from the Solbergs' damages award.
{¶ 21} In light of the foregoing, finding the trial court erred by not offsetting the
damages awarded to the Solbergs by a total of $27,527.63, the trial court's decision is
modified to provide the Solbergs' with an award of damages in the amount of $79,992.44. In
all other respects, the trial court's decision in regards to the amount of damages awarded to
the Solbergs is affirmed.
{¶ 22} Assignment of Error No. 3:
{¶ 23} THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION WAS NOT A FINAL APPEALABLE ORDER.
{¶ 24} Assignment of Error No. 4:
{¶ 25} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN NOT ADDRESSING APPELLANT'S
CONVERSION CLAIMS.
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{¶ 26} In her third and fourth assignments of error, Frisby argues the trial court's
decision was not a final appealable order since the trial court failed to address her claims
alleging conversion on the part of the Solbergs. However, as the trial court properly found,
the parties entered into a partnership that created liens on the disputed property "for monies
owed pursuant to the partnership agreement, which [Frisby] has refused to pay." The record
also indicates that much of the property Frisby claims was converted was actually titled to the
Solbergs, not Frisby. Given these facts, we find this negates any conversion claim Frisby
may have had against the Solbergs. In so holding, we note that the trial court specifically
stated as part of its decision that "[a]ll matters" between the parties had been resolved.
Therefore, although not explicit, we find the trial court's decision was a final appealable order
that denied, at least implicitly, Frisby's conversion claims. Accordingly, Frisby's third and
fourth assignments of error are without merit and overruled.
{¶ 27} Judgment affirmed as modified.
M. POWELL, P.J., and PIPER, J., concur.
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Frisby v. Solberg
Combined Opinion