[Cite as State v. Goff, 2016-Ohio-7834.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
CLINTON COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
CASE NO. CA2015-08-017
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
OPINION
: 11/21/2016
- vs -
:
JAMES R. GOFF, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM CLINTON COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CRI 95-5-008
Richard W. Moyer, Clinton County Prosecuting Attorney, Andrew T. McCoy, 103 East Main
Street, Wilmington, Ohio 45177, for plaintiff-appellee
Marshall G. Lachman, 75 North Pioneer Boulevard, Springboro, Ohio 45066, for defendant-
appellant
Angela Wilson Miller, 322 Leeward Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33477, for defendant-appellant
M. POWELL, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, James Goff, appeals a decision of the Clinton County
Court of Common Pleas resentencing him to death for the murder of an elderly woman.
{¶ 2} Appellant was indicted in 1995 for the murder of 88-year-old Myrtle Rutledge. A
jury found appellant guilty of aggravated murder with a death penalty specification,
Clinton CA2015-08-017
aggravated burglary, aggravated robbery, and grand theft. On August 11, 1995, after hearing
extensive mitigating evidence during the penalty-phase hearing, the jury recommended that
appellant be sentenced to death. On August 18, 1995, after weighing the mitigating and
aggravating factors, but without first providing appellant with an opportunity to exercise his
right of allocution, the trial court accepted the jury's recommendation and sentenced
appellant to death. Appellant was sentenced to three consecutive prison terms on the other
charges.
{¶ 3} Appellant's conviction and death sentence were affirmed by this court in 1997
and by the Ohio Supreme Court in 1998. State v. Goff, 12th Dist. Clinton No. CA95-09-026,
1997 WL 194898 (Apr. 21, 1997); State v. Goff, 82 Ohio St.3d 123 (1998). The United
States Supreme Court then denied appellant's petition for certiorari. Goff v. Ohio, 527 U.S.
1039, 119 S.Ct. 2402 (1999).
{¶ 4} In 2002, following a series of unsuccessful attempts at postconviction relief,
appellant filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus with the United States District Court for
the Southern District of Ohio, alleging 25 constitutional errors. The District Court denied the
petition but certified 17 claims for appellate review. Goff v. Bagley, S.D.Ohio No. 1:02-CV-
307, 2007 WL 2601096 (Sept. 10, 2007). Included within those claims was whether
appellant had received ineffective assistance of counsel as a result of his appellate counsel's
failure to raise on direct appeal the issue of appellant's right to allocution before sentencing.
{¶ 5} On April 6, 2010, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit issued
a decision, finding appellant had received ineffective assistance of counsel as a result of his
appellate counsel's failure to raise the issue of appellant's right to allocution. Goff v. Bagley,
601 F.3d 445, 467 (6th Cir.2010). The Sixth Circuit conditionally granted the writ of habeas
corpus "unless the Ohio Courts reopen [appellant's] direct appeal within 120 days to allow
[appellant] to raise his allocution argument." Id. at 473. Consequently, this court reopened
-2-
Clinton CA2015-08-017
appellant's direct appeal to allow him to raise his allocution argument.
{¶ 6} On March 19, 2012, "we confirm[ed] our prior judgment affirming appellant's
conviction," but reversed and vacated our prior judgment affirming his sentence, finding the
trial court erred in failing to afford appellant his right of allocution. State v. Goff, 12th Dist.
Clinton No. CA95-09-026, 2012-Ohio-1125, ¶ 20. We remanded the matter to the trial court
"for the sole purpose of resentencing" and with instructions "to personally address appellant
and afford him his right of allocution before imposing its sentence." Id.
{¶ 7} Subsequently, appellant filed a motion in the trial court to preclude imposition of
the death penalty on remand, arguing that Ohio law required imposition of a life sentence
with parole eligibility after 20 or 30 years. Appellant alternatively moved the trial court to
empanel a new jury for his resentencing hearing, citing R.C. 2929.06(B) and State v. White,
132 Ohio St.3d 344, 2012-Ohio-2583. Following a hearing, the trial court denied the motion
for a new jury, finding that White was inapplicable and therefore, R.C. 2929.06(B) did not
require the empaneling of a new jury. The trial court held that the motion to preclude death
penalty on remand was moot. Appellant appealed the trial court's decision but we dismissed
the appeal for lack of a final appealable order.
{¶ 8} In 2013, appellant again filed a motion to preclude imposition of the death
penalty on remand. In 2014, through new counsel, appellant filed a motion to preclude
imposition of the death penalty on remand; or in the alternative, for the empanelment of a
new jury; or at a minimum, for a hearing to proffer all new mitigation by testimony.
{¶ 9} On August 13, 2014, the trial court granted appellant's motion to proffer all new
mitigating evidence but denied his motions to preclude imposition of the death penalty and to
empanel a new jury. Subsequently, the trial court granted appellant's motion for funds to hire
a consulting defense psychologist. Appellant hired Dr. Dennis Eshbaugh, a forensic
psychologist who prepared a report.
-3-
Clinton CA2015-08-017
{¶ 10} On June 30, 2015, the trial court conducted the resentencing hearing. Over the
state's objection, the trial court allowed appellant to proffer Dr. Eshbaugh's report as
representative of the psychologist's testimony had he been called to testify at the hearing.
Defense counsel referenced appellant's difficult childhood and his youth and substance
abuse at the time of the offenses. Defense counsel also briefly told the trial court that since
being incarcerated, appellant has adjusted to prison life and has not shown any propensity
towards violence. Defense counsel then asked that appellant be sentenced to prison for 52
years to life. The state asked that appellant be resentenced to death. The trial court then
gave appellant the opportunity to make a statement. Appellant offered a brief statement in
allocution.
{¶ 11} On July 1, 2015, the trial court resentenced appellant to death for the murder of
Myrtle Rutledge. Appellant was resentenced to three consecutive prison terms on the other
charges.
{¶ 12} Appellant now appeals, raising four assignments of error. For ease of
discussion, the assignments of error will be addressed out of order.
{¶ 13} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 14} THE DECISION OF THE TRIAL COURT TO EXCLUDE TESTIMONY OF
ADDITIONAL MITIGATING EVIDENCE IN THE TIME BETWEEN THE TWO SENTENCING
HEARINGS, VIOLATED GOFF'S RIGHTS UNDER THE FIFTH, SIXTH, EIGHTH AND
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS AND OHIO CONST. ART. I, §§ 5, 9, AND 16.
{¶ 15} Assignment of Error No. 4:
{¶ 16} GOFF WAS DENIED DUE PROCESS, FREEDOM FROM CRUEL AND
UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT AND A FAIR AND RELIABLE SENTENCE WHEN HIS DEATH
SENTENCE WAS IMPOSED, IN PART, ON THE BASIS OF INFORMATION THAT HE HAD
NO OPPORTUNITY TO DENY OR EXPLAIN. U.S. CONST. AMENDS. VIII, XIV; OHIO
-4-
Clinton CA2015-08-017
CONST. ART. I, §§ 9, 10 AND 16.
{¶ 17} In his second and fourth assignments of error, appellant argues the trial court
erred in not allowing him to present additional mitigating evidence at the resentencing
hearing. Appellant asserts he should have been permitted to present any and all relevant
mitigating evidence, including a psychological update via Dr. Eshbaugh's testimony and
evidence of his good behavior in prison. Appellant asserts that preventing him from
presenting additional mitigating evidence, including evidence to rebut the state's argument
that he was too dangerous for a sentence of life in prison, violated his constitutional rights. In
support of his argument, appellant cites Davis v. Coyle, 475 F.3d 761 (6th Cir.2007).
{¶ 18} The issue of whether a capital defendant, whose death sentence has been
vacated, is entitled to present additional mitigating evidence at resentencing on remand has
been addressed several times by the Ohio Supreme Court and rejected each time.
{¶ 19} In State v. Davis, 63 Ohio St.3d 44 (1992), Davis was tried to a three-judge
panel and sentenced to death. The Ohio Supreme Court affirmed his conviction but reversed
his death sentence based upon errors which occurred after all available mitigating evidence
had been heard in the penalty phase of his trial. The case was remanded to the original
three-judge panel for a resentencing hearing. During the resentencing hearing, the panel did
not allow Davis to introduce evidence regarding his adjustment to prison life or to present a
psychological update via expert testimony covering the period since his conviction and
original sentencing. Instead, the panel limited its consideration to the evidence presented in
mitigation at Davis' 1984 trial and subsequently resentenced him to death.
{¶ 20} On appeal, Davis argued his sentence should be vacated as he was not
allowed to present additional post-trial mitigating evidence at the resentencing hearing. In
support of his argument, Davis cited several United States Supreme Court opinions. See
Lockett v. Ohio, 438 U.S. 586, 98 S.Ct. 2954 (1978); Eddings v. Oklahoma, 455 U.S. 104,
-5-
Clinton CA2015-08-017
102 S.Ct. 869 (1982); Skipper v. South Carolina, 476 U.S. 1, 106 S.Ct. 1669 (1986); and
Hitchcock v. Dugger, 481 U.S. 393, 107 S.Ct. 1821 (1987). The Ohio Supreme Court
affirmed, rejecting Davis' argument that the Supreme Court opinions entitled him to post-trial
mitigating evidence on remand:
[N]o relevant mitigating evidence was excluded from
consideration by the panel during the mitigation phase of
appellant's 1984 trial. All mitigating evidence which was
available at that time was duly received and considered by the
panel including appellant's ability to adjust to prison life. That
same relevant evidence was again received and considered by
the panel in 1989 for purposes of resentencing appellant. The
evidence excluded from consideration * * * at appellant's
resentencing hearing concerned certain post-trial matters.
(Emphasis sic.) Davis, 63 Ohio St.3d at 46.
{¶ 21} The supreme court next considered this issue in State v. Chinn, 85 Ohio St.3d
548 (1999). Chinn was sentenced to death following a jury trial. The appellate court affirmed
the conviction but vacated the death penalty based upon errors committed by the trial judge
in his independent evaluation of the sentence and in writing the sentencing opinion. On
remand, the trial court denied Chinn's motion to present additional mitigating evidence and
resentenced him to death. On appeal, the supreme court again rejected the argument that a
capital defendant is entitled to present new mitigating evidence on remand:
[Lockett, Skipper, and Hitchcock] each involved a situation where
the capital sentencer was prohibited, in some form or another,
from considering relevant mitigating evidence at trial. In the case
at bar, no relevant mitigating evidence was ever excluded from
consideration during the penalty phase of appellant's 1989 trial.
Therefore, the case at bar is clearly distinguishable from * * *
Lockett, Skipper, and Hitchcock. Accordingly, as was the case in
* * * Davis, we find Lockett, Skipper, and Hitchcock to be
inapplicable here. It is of no consequence that the additional
mitigating evidence in Davis involved post-trial accomplishments,
whereas appellant's additional mitigation evidence involves
matters appellant claims he could have presented but did not
present during the mitigation phase of his 1989 trial. In this case,
as in Davis, the errors requiring resentencing occurred after the
close of the mitigation phase of the trial. Under these
-6-
Clinton CA2015-08-017
circumstances, the trial court is to proceed on remand from the
point at which the error occurred.
(Citation deleted and emphasis sic.) Chinn at 565. The supreme court further stated, "[the
defendant] was not entitled to an opportunity to improve or expand his evidence in mitigation
simply because [the court of appeals] required the trial court to reweigh the aggravating
circumstance and mitigating factors." Id.
{¶ 22} In 2007, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit addressed this
issue in habeas corpus proceedings involving the Davis case. See Coyle, 475 F.3d 761.
The Sixth Circuit held that the three-judge panel's decision to exclude post-trial mitigation
evidence from Davis' resentencing hearing violated his Eighth Amendment rights. Id. at 773.
The Sixth Circuit stated that the Ohio Supreme Court's affirmance of that ruling in Davis,
"based on the court's belief that the facts of Davis's case could be distinguished from
Skipper's solely on the basis of timing, was both an unreasonable application of the decision
in Skipper and contrary to the holding in that opinion and its antecedent cases." Id. The
Sixth Circuit concluded that "the holding in Skipper * * * requires that, at resentencing, a trial
court must consider any new evidence that the defendant has developed since the initial
sentencing hearing." Id. at 774.
{¶ 23} In 2013, the Ohio Supreme Court once again considered this issue, this time in
light of Coyle. See State v. Roberts, 137 Ohio St.3d 230, 2013-Ohio-4580. Roberts was
sentenced to death following a jury trial. The supreme court affirmed her conviction but
vacated her death sentence and remanded the case for resentencing because the trial judge
had engaged in ex parte communications with the prosecutor in drafting the sentencing
opinion. On remand, Roberts moved to introduce new mitigating evidence at the
resentencing hearing. The trial court denied the motion and Roberts proffered her evidence
into the record. The trial court then resentenced her to death.
-7-
Clinton CA2015-08-017
{¶ 24} On appeal, the supreme court rejected Roberts' claim that the Eighth
Amendment entitled her to introduce new mitigating evidence on remand, Coyle
notwithstanding. The supreme court first emphasized that Coyle was not binding precedent
because the court was "not bound by rulings on federal statutory or constitutional law made
by a federal court other than the United States Supreme Court." Roberts at ¶ 33. The
supreme court then declined to follow Coyle, noting that Lockett, Eddings, Skipper, and
Hitchcock each "involved the trial court's exclusion of, or refusal to consider, evidence in the
original sentencing proceeding. None of these cases involved a proceeding on remand." Id.
at ¶ 34. By contrast, Roberts, like Davis and Chinn, involved "a proceeding on remand for
the limited purpose of correcting an error that occurred after the defendant had had a full,
unlimited opportunity to present mitigating evidence to the sentencer." (Emphasis sic.) Id.
{¶ 25} The supreme court then concluded:
In a case in which the defendant was not deprived of any
constitutional right - including her Eighth Amendment right to
present mitigation - at the time of her mitigation hearing, there
seems to be no basis for requiring the trial court to reopen or
supplement that evidence in a later proceeding. To hold, as
Coyle does, that a new mitigation hearing must be held, even
though no constitutional error infected the original one, would
transform the right to present relevant mitigation into a right to
update one's mitigation. Such a right has no clear basis in
Lockett or its progeny.
(Emphasis sic.) Roberts, 2013-Ohio-4580 at ¶ 36.
{¶ 26} The supreme court most recently addressed this issue in State v. Jackson, Slip
Opinion No. 2016-Ohio-5488, a companion case to Roberts. As in Roberts, the supreme
court affirmed Jackson's conviction but vacated his death sentence because the trial judge
had engaged in ex parte communications with the prosecutor in drafting the sentencing
opinion. On remand, Jackson moved to introduce new mitigating evidence at the
resentencing hearing. The trial court denied the motion and resentenced him to death.
-8-
Clinton CA2015-08-017
{¶ 27} On appeal, the supreme court once again rejected the claim that a capital
defendant is entitled to improve or expand his mitigating evidence on remand simply because
the trial court was required to resentence him and prepare a new sentencing opinion.
Jackson at ¶ 70. Specifically, the court held that
No binding authority holds that the Eighth Amendment requires a
resentencing judge to accept and consider new mitigation
evidence at a limited resentencing when the defendant had the
unrestricted opportunity to present mitigating evidence during his
original mitigation hearing. Accordingly, we adhere to our
precedent in Roberts[.]
Id. at ¶ 73.
{¶ 28} In so holding, the supreme court cited a recent decision from the South Dakota
Supreme Court, State v. Berget, 2014 S.D. 61, 853 N.W.2d 45. The Berget court, upon
comparing the reasoning underlying Coyle and Roberts and determining that Roberts is the
more persuasive authority, held that a capital defendant does not have an Eighth
Amendment right to present updated mitigation evidence on resentencing. Berget at ¶ 38,
45-46.
{¶ 29} Quoting Berget with approval, the Ohio Supreme Court noted that
recognizing a capital defendant's right to present updated
mitigation on remand "would establish the incentive to turn a
limited resentencing into a full-fledged, second sentencing
hearing by seeking out all newly discoverable mitigation evidence
conceivable, again no longer making the original sentencing
proceeding the 'main event' but consigning it to a mere 'tryout on
the road.' It is also more than conceivable that [the defendant]
may claim new, positive relationships with family members,
fellow prisoners, or strangers for the remainder of his life if this
Court permits each assertion of a relationship to be grounds for a
new sentencing hearing or grounds for ignoring our limited
remand instructions."
(Citations deleted.) Jackson, 2016-Ohio-5488 at ¶ 72, quoting Berget at ¶ 45.
{¶ 30} In the case at bar, the error requiring the vacation of appellant's death penalty
and his resentencing occurred when the trial court failed to provide appellant with an
-9-
Clinton CA2015-08-017
opportunity to exercise his right of allocution in violation of Crim.R. 32(A)(1), prior to the
imposition of sentence. Thus, as was the case in Davis, Chinn, Roberts, and Jackson, the
error requiring resentencing occurred after the close of the mitigation phase of the trial, where
appellant had a full, unlimited opportunity to present mitigating evidence. In other words,
appellant's death sentence was vacated for a sentencing error unrelated and subsequent to
the presentation of evidence during the mitigation phase of his 1995 trial.
{¶ 31} Accordingly, appellant was not entitled to improve or update his mitigating
evidence or to present new mitigating evidence at his resentencing hearing. Roberts, 2013-
Ohio-4580 at ¶ 36-39; Jackson, 2016-Ohio-5488 at ¶ 73. The trial court, therefore, did not
err in not allowing appellant to present additional mitigating evidence, including rebuttal
evidence, at the resentencing hearing.
{¶ 32} Appellant's second and fourth assignments of error are overruled.
{¶ 33} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 34} A CAPITAL DEFENDANT IS DENIED HIS SUBSTANTIVE AND
PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO A FAIR TRIAL WHEN THE COURT REFUSES
TO EMPANEL A NEW JURY FOR THE SENTENCING PROCEEDING. U.S. CONST.
AMENDS. VI, VIII, XIV; OHIO CONST. ART. I, §§9, 16, 20.
{¶ 35} Appellant argues the trial court erred in denying his motion to empanel a new
jury for the resentencing hearing. Appellant asserts the trial court was required under R.C.
2929.06(B) and the Ohio Supreme Court's decision in White to empanel a new jury on
remand before it could resentence him to death. See White, 2012-Ohio-2583.
{¶ 36} In 1987, the Ohio Supreme Court held that when a death sentence imposed
after a jury trial is vacated, empanelment of a new jury on remand was not permissible and
therefore, the defendant could not be resentenced to death. State v. Penix, 32 Ohio St.3d
369, 372-373 (1987). In 1996, the General Assembly amended R.C. 2929.06 to permit
- 10 -
Clinton CA2015-08-017
empanelment of a new jury and abrogate the Penix rule.
{¶ 37} R.C. 2929.06(B), in its current form, provides that whenever a death sentence
is set aside, nullified, or vacated "because of error that occurred in the sentencing phase of
the trial, * * * the trial court that sentenced the offender shall conduct a new hearing to
resentence the offender. If the offender was tried by a jury, the trial court shall impanel a
new jury for the hearing." Thus, the effect of the 1996 amendment to R.C. 2929.06(B)
permits any capital offender convicted by a jury and whose original death sentence was
vacated to be resentenced to death on remand. White, 2012-Ohio-2583 at ¶ 6, 21; State ex
rel. Steffen v. Myers, 143 Ohio St.3d 430, 2015-Ohio-2005 (R.C. 2929.06[B] permits the
reimposition of the death sentence).
{¶ 38} White involved a capital defendant who had been convicted of aggravated
murder with death specifications and sentenced to death after a jury trial. After the
enactment of R.C. 2929.06(B), he obtained habeas corpus relief from his death sentence,
obliging the trial court to resentence him. At his resentencing, and again on appeal, White
argued that R.C. 2929.06(B) could not constitutionally be applied to a case involving a crime
committed before its enactment. Thus, the issue before the supreme court was "whether the
trial court should apply R.C. 2929.06(B) on resentencing, thereby allowing the death penalty
to once again be available on remand." White at ¶ 3. The supreme court then addressed
whether R.C. 2929.06(B) violated the Retroactivity and Ex Post Facto Clauses.
{¶ 39} The supreme court first held that R.C. 2929.06(B) applies to resentencings
where the error invalidating the death sentence does not affect the guilt-phase verdict: "R.C.
2929.06(B) applies where an aggravated-murder conviction with a death specification has
been affirmed, but the death sentence has been set aside for legal error, when the error
infects and thus invalidates the sentencing phase of the trial." White, 2012-Ohio-2583 at ¶
23-25.
- 11 -
Clinton CA2015-08-017
{¶ 40} Addressing the defendant's retroactivity argument, the supreme court held,
"The General Assembly has clearly expressed its intent that R.C. 2929.06(B) apply
retroactively." Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus. The court further held, "R.C. 2929.06(B)
is remedial, not substantive. Hence, the Retroactivity Clause of the Ohio Constitution does
not bar its retroactive application in cases where the aggravated murder was committed
before its enactment, but the death sentence was set aside after its enactment." Id. at ¶ 48.
The court also held that the application of R.C. 2929.06(B) to the case did not violate the Ex
Post Facto Clause. Id. at ¶ 64.
{¶ 41} The trial court denied appellant's motion on the ground that White was
inapplicable and therefore, R.C. 2929.06(B) did not require the empaneling of a new jury.
Specifically, the trial court found that because the error – failing to provide appellant with the
right of allocution – "occurred after the jury had returned its verdict in the penalty phase and
because this verdict was untainted by error," the court was "not required to empanel a new
jury, but to proceed with resentencing after first providing the Defendant with the right of
allocution." In support of its ruling, the trial court cited, inter alia, Chinn, 85 Ohio St.3d 548,
and Roberts, 2013-Ohio-4580.
{¶ 42} As stated earlier, Chinn and Roberts both involved capital defendants who were
tried to a jury and whose death sentences were vacated following errors committed by the
trial court in drafting the sentencing opinion. Roberts was also sentenced to death without
being afforded the right of allocution. Consequently, the Ohio Supreme Court vacated her
death sentence, found the issue regarding allocution to be moot, and remanded the case to
the trial court with instructions to provide Roberts with her right of allocution, determine anew
the appropriateness of the death penalty, and to personally write the sentencing opinion. In
both cases, the defendants were resentenced to death on remand; both appealed to the
supreme court.
- 12 -
Clinton CA2015-08-017
{¶ 43} In Chinn, the supreme court rejected the claim that the vacation of Chinn's
death sentence also vacated the jury's sentencing recommendation: "The appellate court
specifically determined, and we agree, that the recommendation of the jury was untainted by
error." Chinn, 85 Ohio St.3d at 564. The supreme court then rejected the claim that Penix
prohibited reimposition of the death penalty on remand:
Penix does not preclude the trial court from imposing the death
sentence on remand. The reason, of course, is that the errors
identified and relied upon by the court of appeals in vacating
appellant's original death sentence in 1991 related to the trial
judge's independent evaluation of sentence. These errors were
committed after the jury had returned its verdict in the penalty
phase. Under these circumstances, * * * Penix does not prohibit
the trial judge, on remand, from accepting the jury's 1989
sentencing recommendation. Rather, * * * the trial court was
required to proceed on remand from the point at which the errors
had occurred, i.e., after the jury had returned its recommendation
of death.
(Emphasis sic.) Id. at 564. The supreme court's holding in Chinn is clear: when, as in this
case, "the errors requiring resentencing occurred after the close of the mitigation phase of
the trial[,] the trial court is to proceed on remand from the point at which the error occurred,"
that is, after the jury had returned its recommendation of death. Id. at 654-565.
{¶ 44} Appellant argues Chinn is not applicable here because it was decided prior to
White. However, White was concerned with the retroactive application of R.C. 2929.06(B),
as amended in 1996, and whether a capital defendant remained eligible for the death penalty
on remand, and not the circumstances under which the statute requires empanelment of a
new jury. In addition, the death sentence in White was vacated based upon the trial court's
failure to grant a challenge regarding a juror who was biased in favor of a death sentence.
Thus, unlike in Chinn, the jury's recommendation was tainted in White. We find that White
did not in any respect modify Chinn.
{¶ 45} In Roberts, decided after White, the supreme court, while addressing whether
- 13 -
Clinton CA2015-08-017
Roberts was entitled to present new mitigating evidence on remand for resentencing,
reiterated that
when "errors requiring resentencing occurred after the close of
the mitigation phase," the correct procedure was for the trial
court "to proceed on remand from the point at which the error
occurred." Indeed, we stated that "the trial court was required to
proceed on remand from the point at which the errors had
occurred, i.e., after the jury had returned its recommendation of
death."
(Emphasis sic.) Roberts, 2013-Ohio-4580 at ¶ 45, quoting Chinn, 85 Ohio St.3d at 565.
Continuing, the supreme court stated that on remand for resentencing, the trial court was
bound by Chinn and the supreme court's remand order that the trial court afford Roberts her
right of allocution, personally review and evaluate the evidence, weigh the aggravating
circumstances against any relevant mitigating evidence, and determine anew the
appropriateness of the death penalty. Roberts at ¶ 46.
{¶ 46} In the case at bar, the jury recommended a death sentence on August 11,
1995, after hearing extensive mitigating evidence. The error requiring vacation of the death
sentence occurred a week later when at the sentencing hearing, where with no jury present,
the trial court failed to provide appellant with his right of allocution before sentencing him. As
in Chinn and Roberts and unlike in White, the jury's recommendation here was untainted by
error. We vacated the death sentence and remanded the matter "for the sole purpose of
resentencing" and with instructions to the trial court to "personally address appellant and
afford him his right to allocution before imposing its sentence." Goff, 2012-Ohio-1125 at ¶
20.
{¶ 47} Under these circumstances, the correct procedure for the trial court was to
proceed from the point at which the error occurred, that is, after the mitigating evidence had
been presented and after the jury had returned its recommendation of death. We find that
the supreme court's clear holdings in Chinn, Roberts, and Jackson support our decision.
- 14 -
Clinton CA2015-08-017
Because new, updated, and additional mitigating evidence cannot be presented on remand
for resentencing and the jury's sentencing recommendation remains proper for consideration
by the trial court, a new jury serves no purpose.
{¶ 48} The trial court, therefore, did not err in denying appellant's motion to empanel a
new jury on remand on the grounds that White is not applicable here, and therefore, R.C.
2929.06(B) does not require the empanelment of a new jury.
{¶ 49} Appellant's first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 50} Assignment of Error No. 3:
{¶ 51} TRIAL COUNSEL RENDERED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE IN VIOLATION
OF GOFF'S RIGHTS UNDER THE FIFTH, SIXTH, EIGHTH, AND FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND OHIO CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE. I, §§ 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, AND 16.
{¶ 52} Appellant argues he received ineffective assistance of counsel at his
resentencing hearing because defense counsel failed to adequately prepare appellant for
allocution and failed to proffer available, mitigating evidence from appellant's institutional file.
{¶ 53} To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, appellant must show
that his trial attorney's performance was both deficient and prejudicial. Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984). Appellant must show that his
counsel's representation "fell below an objective standard of reasonableness." Id. at 688.
Appellant must further show that he was prejudiced by this deficient performance. Id. at 687.
Appellant demonstrates prejudice when, but for counsel's errors, a reasonable probability
exists that the result of the trial would have been different. State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d
136, 143 (1989). A strong presumption exists that the licensed attorney is competent and
that the challenged action falls within the wide range of professional assistance. Id. at 142;
Strickland at 689.
- 15 -
Clinton CA2015-08-017
{¶ 54} Appellant first argues defense counsel was ineffective because he failed to
properly prepare appellant and explain to him the importance of his statement to the court.
During his brief statement in allocution, appellant stated he did not have a history of violence
before or after his incarceration, he was offered a plea deal in 1995 but was not told what it
involved, and he had a hard childhood. Appellant also asked for leniency.
{¶ 55} Appellant provided no substantiation for his claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel other than his own self-serving statement. Appellant's broad and conclusory
assertion is therefore insufficient to establish ineffective assistance of counsel. See State v.
Lattire, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2004-01-005, 2004-Ohio-5648; State v. Witherspoon, 12th
Dist. Butler No. CA2010-01-025, 2010-Ohio-4569; State v. Green, 90 Ohio St.3d 352 (2000).
{¶ 56} Appellant also argues defense counsel was ineffective because he failed to
proffer or present available, mitigating evidence from appellant's institutional file which would
have shown appellant's adjustment to prison life as well as his "positive achievements, such
as having a job inside the prison." In support of his argument, appellant cites Coyle, 475
F.3d 761.
{¶ 57} Upon review of the record, we find that defense counsel's representation was
not deficient. While defense counsel did not speak at great length during the resentencing
hearing, he did indicate to the trial court that appellant had adjusted to prison life, "ha[d] not
had any major write-ups or disciplinary actions taken against him, and there [were] certainly
none relating to violence," and "ha[d] not demonstrated a propensity towards violence" since
his conviction and original sentencing. Defense counsel also successfully moved to proffer
Dr. Eshbaugh's report. The report, which the trial court reviewed before resentencing
appellant, discusses appellant's adjustment to prison life in some detail. Furthermore, given
the Ohio Supreme Court's holdings in Roberts and Jackson, which rejected the right to
present updated mitigation evidence at resentencing upon remand, defense counsel was not
- 16 -
Clinton CA2015-08-017
ineffective for failing to present or proffer evidence from appellant's institutional file regarding
his adjustment to prison life or good behavior in prison, in addition to that previously detailed.
{¶ 58} In light of the foregoing, we find that appellant has failed to establish ineffective
assistance of counsel during the resentencing hearing. Appellant's third assignment of error
is overruled.
{¶ 59} Judgment affirmed.
S. POWELL and PIPER, JJ., concur.
- 17 -