IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 14-0499
Filed November 23, 2016
THANH DAO,
Applicant-Appellant,
vs.
STATE OF IOWA,
Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rebecca Goodgame
Ebinger, Judge.
The applicant appeals from the dismissal of his third application for
postconviction relief. AFFIRMED.
Beau A. Bergmann of Bergmann Law Firm, P.L.L.C., Des Moines, for
appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Linda J. Hines, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee State.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Mullins and Bower, JJ.
2
DANILSON, Chief Judge.
Thanh Dao appeals from the dismissal of his third application for
postconviction relief (PCR). Because Dao’s claims recently have been
addressed and rejected by our supreme court in Nguyen v. State, 878 N.W.2d
744 (Iowa 2016), a case dealing with Dao’s co-defendant and raising the same
issues, we affirm.
“Generally, an appeal from a denial of an application for
postconviction relief is reviewed for correction of errors at law.”
However, “[u]nder both the State and Federal Constitutions,
ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are reviewed de novo.”
We review these claims de novo because they are based on the
constitutional guarantees of the effective assistance of counsel
found in the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and article I,
section 10 of the Iowa Constitution.
Ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are not bound by
traditional rules of error preservation. “To the extent error is not
preserved on an issue, any objections must be raised within an
ineffective-assistance-of-counsel framework.”
Nguyen, 878 N.W.2d at 750 (citations omitted).
We summarized much of the procedural background in Dao v. State, No.
10-0844, 2013 WL 100145, at *1 (Iowa 2013):
Thanh Dao was convicted of first-degree murder, in violation
of Iowa Code section 707.2 (1997). The State alleged Dao and a
co-defendant had participated in the drive-by fatal shooting of
Monty Thomas. Dao was tried under alternative theories of (1)
deliberation, premeditation, and specific intent to kill (section
707.2(1)), and (2) felony murder (section 707.2(2)), with the
underlying felony being terrorism.[1] He was sentenced to life
imprisonment on April 23, 1999. The conviction was affirmed on
direct appeal. State v. Dao, No. 99-0727, 2001 WL 246444 (Iowa
Ct. App. Mar. 14, 2001). Procedendo was issued on June 28,
2001.
Dao filed an application for postconviction relief on
November 15, 2001, claiming ineffective assistance from trial and
appellate counsel. The district court denied his application. Dao’s
1
Now titled “Intimidation with a dangerous weapon.” Iowa Code § 708.6 (2015).
3
appeal therefrom was dismissed as frivolous under Iowa Rule of
Appellate Procedure 6.1005. Procedendo for that appeal was
issued on July 21, 2006.
Dao filed a second application for postconviction relief on
April 14, 2009, again asserting ineffective assistance of trial
counsel for failure to object to the felony-murder jury instructions
and its submission as an alternative offense. His application is
predicated on the Iowa Supreme Court’s ruling on August 25, 2006,
in State v. Heemstra, 721 N.W.2d 549, 558 (Iowa 2006), which
overruled prior cases that had held an act constituting willful injury,
causing the victim’s death, could serve as the predicate felony for
felony-murder purposes. The court stated, “We now hold that, if the
act causing willful injury is the same act that causes the victim’s
death, the former is merged into the murder and therefore cannot
serve as the predicate felony for felony-murder purposes.”
Heemstra, 721 N.W.2d at 558.
The State filed a motion for summary disposition
of Dao’s second application for postconviction relief upon the
ground that it was untimely under Iowa Code section 822.3. The
district court concluded Dao’s application had been filed more than
three years after procedendo issued from his direct appeal, and he
had not set forth a ground of fact or law that could not have been
raised during the three-year time period. See Iowa Code § 822.3.
Accordingly, the second application was dismissed as untimely.
We affirmed the dismissal of the second PCR application. Dao, 2013 WL
100145, at *3. His PCR counsel failed to inform him of this court’s ruling, and
thus Dao was not able to seek further review.
Dao filed this third PCR application on July 17, 2013, asserting his second
PCR counsel was ineffective in failing to inform him of his right to seek further
review, and additionally reasserting arguments that his PCR applications were
not time barred, the failure to give retroactive effect to Heemstra violates the
Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution, as well as the equal
protection, due process, and separation of powers clauses of the Iowa
Constitution.
4
Dao must prove both that postconviction counsel failed in an essential
duty and that prejudice resulted. Nguyen, 878 N.W.2d at 752. Even if Dao’s
claims were not time-barred and second PCR counsel failed in an essential duty,
the merits of the constitutional claims Dao propounds have been rejected by our
supreme court and thus he cannot prove prejudice.
In Goosman v. State, 764 N.W.2d 539, 545 (Iowa 2009), our supreme
court held the Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution does not
require the retroactive application of Heemstra to individuals whose direct
appeals were final prior to the decision.
Our supreme court also recently held “nonretroactive application of
Heemstra does not violate the due process, separation of powers, or equal
protection clauses of the Iowa Constitution or the Equal Protection Clause of the
United States Constitution.” Nguyen, 878 N.W.2d at 758-59. Because Dao’s
constitutional claims fail, we affirm.
AFFIRMED.
Thanh Dao, Applicant-Appellant v. State of Iowa
Combined Opinion