IN THE SUPREME COURT, STATE OF WYOMING
2017 WY 2
OCTOBER TERM, A.D. 2016
January 11, 2017
IN THE MATTER OF THE TERMINATION OF
PARENTAL RIGHTS TO KGS, a Minor Child:
RGS,
Appellant
(Respondent),
S-16-0137
v.
STATE OF WYOMING, DEPARTMENT OF
FAMILY SERVICES,
Appellee
(Petitioner).
Appeal from the District Court of Uinta County
The Honorable Joseph B. Bluemel, Judge
Representing Appellant:
Monica J. Vozakis, Long Reimer Winegar Beppler LLP, Evanston, Wyoming.
Representing Appellee:
Peter K. Michael, Attorney General; Misha Westby, Deputy Attorney General; Jill
E. Kucera, Senior Assistant Attorney General; Wendy S. Ross, Senior Assistant
Attorney General. Argument by Ms. Ross.
Guardian Ad Litem:
Dan S. Wilde, Deputy Director and Aaron S. Hockman, Permanency Attorney,
Wyoming Guardian Ad Litem Program.
Before BURKE, C.J., and HILL, DAVIS, FOX, and KAUTZ, JJ.
NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in Pacific Reporter Third. Readers
are requested to notify the Clerk of the Supreme Court, Supreme Court Building, Cheyenne, Wyoming
82002, of any typographical or other formal errors so that correction may be made before final publication in
the permanent volume.
BURKE, Chief Justice.
[¶1] Appellant, RGS, appeals from the district court’s order terminating his parental
rights. He claims there was insufficient evidence to support the district court’s decision
and that he was denied due process of law. We affirm.
ISSUES
[¶2] Appellant presents the following issues:
1. Did the district court err in terminating Father’s parental
rights pursuant to Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 14-2-309(a)(iii)?
2. Did the district court err in terminating Father’s parental
rights pursuant to Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 14-2-309(a)(v)?
3. Were Father’s due process rights violated?
FACTS
[¶3] Appellant is the father of KGS, born in Utah in 2003. KGS’s mother had
additional children with different fathers, including KGS’s older sister, HLL, with whom
KGS has lived since her birth. Mother’s parental rights to all of her children have
previously been terminated. We affirmed termination of Mother’s parental rights to KGS
and HLL in In re HLL, 2016 WY 43, 372 P.3d 185 (Wyo. 2016). Parental rights to HLL
are not at issue in this appeal.
[¶4] Appellant and Mother separated in 2004, when KGS was nine months old. After
the separation, Mother moved to Evanston, Wyoming with KGS and HLL. Upon
learning of the move, the Utah Department of Child and Family Services (DCFS) asked
Wyoming’s Department of Family Services (Department) to follow up with the family
and offer services. Mother declined the Department’s offer of services.
[¶5] From 2004 to 2008, Appellant had regular visitation with KGS in Evanston and,
occasionally, at his home in Harrisville, Utah, eighty miles away. In 2008, law
enforcement removed KGS from Mother’s care after Mother physically abused her.
Appellant requested that KGS be placed with him. In response, the Department, pursuant
to the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC), requested that the Utah
DCFS evaluate the suitability of placement with Appellant. The Utah DCFS completed
its study, and denied placement with Appellant based on his refusal to submit to a drug
test and his extensive criminal history. KGS was placed in foster care.
[¶6] After the evaluation, Appellant participated in visitation with KGS for a brief time.
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That visitation ended when KGS reported that she had been sexually abused by Appellant
a year earlier. The Department conducted a forensic interview of KGS. KGS told the
interviewer that the assault had occurred when she was visiting Appellant in Utah for
Christmas. KGS reported that she was in Appellant’s bedroom with the door locked and
that Appellant “tickled her buttocks with his . . . weenie” and fondled her vaginal area
with his hand. She also reported that, during this event, “yellow puke” came out of
Appellant’s “weenie.” The Department sent the report to the Utah DCFS. Utah DCFS
made a supported finding in the spring of 2009 that the sexual abuse had occurred as
KGS had reported. A “supported finding,” according to Utah DCFS Guidelines, exists
where there is a “reasonable basis to conclude that abuse, neglect, or dependency
occurred.” See Utah Child Protective Services Practice Guidelines, available at
http://hspolicy.utah.gov/files/dcfs/DCFS%20Practice%20Guidelines/200-%20Child%20
Protective%20Services.pdf; Utah Code Ann. § 62A-4a-101(33).
[¶7] The Department reunited KGS with Mother in 2009. The Department determined
that it could safely provide supervised visitation between Appellant and KGS in
Evanston, but Appellant refused. In 2011, the Department learned that Mother was
incarcerated, and that KGS and HLL were staying with Mother’s friend. The Department
offered to provide services to help take care of the children, but that offer was refused.
Appellant did not pursue custody or visitation with KGS at that time.
[¶8] The Department did not have contact with the children again until 2013, when law
enforcement took KGS and HLL into protective custody after an incident in which
Mother committed an assault with a baseball bat in front of them. The next day, the
Department notified Appellant of the situation. A neglect petition was filed against
Mother on February 1, 2013. A copy of the petition was provided to Appellant, and he
attended a shelter care hearing held to address placement of the children. In its report to
the court, the Department recommended that the children remain in the Department’s
custody and that they be placed in foster care. Following the hearing, KGS was placed in
the Department’s legal custody.
[¶9] Following the shelter care hearing, the Department contacted Appellant to see if
he would participate in a second home study pursuant to the ICPC. The Department
advised Appellant that the Utah DCFS may not approve placement of KGS with him
based on the supported finding of abuse in 2009. Appellant, who was living with his
sister and her family at the time, declined to participate in a home study. He also
declined the Department’s offer to arrange supervised visitation in Evanston.
[¶10] A multi-disciplinary team (MDT) was created to provide recommendations for the
care of the children, and Appellant was appointed as a member of that team. However,
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he failed to participate in all but one MDT meeting.1 At the 12-month MDT meeting,
held in February 2014, the team members unanimously recommended that the children be
placed with their maternal grandmother in Utah, and that the State move forward with
termination of Appellant’s parental rights. Following a hearing to address the
permanency plan, the court ordered that the plan be changed from reunification with the
parents to termination of Mother’s and Appellant’s parental rights and adoption of KGS.
Appellant did not attend the permanency hearing. However, on February 24, 2014,
Appellant wrote a letter to the court stating that he was “ok with [KGS] being placed with
[her maternal grandmother].”
[¶11] The MDT met again in August 2014. Appellant did not attend the meeting.
Following the meeting, the MDT repeated its recommendation that Appellant’s parental
rights be terminated so that KGS would be eligible for adoption. A placement review
hearing was subsequently held in September 2014. The court ordered that KGS would
remain in the custody of the Department. Appellant did not attend the review hearing.
[¶12] On October 23, 2014, the Department filed a petition seeking termination of
Mother’s and Appellant’s parental rights. On May 8, 2015, Appellant appeared in court
and requested court-appointed counsel. Counsel was appointed for Appellant the same
day.
[¶13] A hearing on the petition to terminate parental rights was held on November 24,
2015. Following the hearing, the district court entered an order terminating Appellant’s
parental rights. This appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
Sufficiency of the Evidence
[¶14] In his first two issues, Appellant claims the Department presented insufficient
evidence to support termination of his parental rights.
We apply traditional principles of evidentiary review when a
party challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting
termination. We examine the evidence in the light most
favorable to the party prevailing below, assume all favorable
evidence to be true, and disregard conflicting evidence
presented by the unsuccessful party. Because the right to
associate with one’s family is fundamental, however, we
1
Appellant attended the January 2014 MDT meeting by phone.
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strictly scrutinize petitions to terminate parental rights. As
part of our strict scrutiny standard, we require that a case for
termination of parental rights must be established by clear and
convincing evidence. Clear and convincing evidence is that
kind of proof that would persuade a trier of fact that the truth
of the contention is highly probable.
In re HLL, ¶ 39, 372 P.3d at 193.
[¶15] The Department petitioned to terminate Appellant’s parental rights under Wyo.
Stat. Ann. §§ 14-2-309(a)(iii) and (a)(v) (LexisNexis 2015). The district court found that
clear and convincing evidence supported termination of Appellant’s parental rights under
both subsections. The statute provides as follows:
§ 14-2-309. Grounds for termination of parent-child
relationship; clear and convincing evidence.
(a) The parent-child legal relationship may be terminated if
any one (1) or more of the following facts is established by
clear and convincing evidence:
...
(iii) The child has been abused or neglected by the
parent and reasonable efforts by an authorized agency
or mental health professional have been unsuccessful
in rehabilitating the family or the family has refused
rehabilitative treatment, and it is shown that the child’s
health and safety would be seriously jeopardized by
remaining with or returning to the parent;
...
(v) The child has been in foster care under the
responsibility of the state of Wyoming for fifteen (15)
of the most recent twenty-two (22) months, and a
showing that the parent is unfit to have custody and
control of the child[.]
We will first address subsection (a)(v). Appellant does not dispute that KGS had been in
the custody of the Department for fifteen of the most recent twenty-two months.
Appellant claims, however, that the evidence was insufficient to establish that he was
unfit to have custody and control of KGS.
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[¶16] We have previously recognized that parental “fitness” encompasses the ability to
meet the ongoing physical, mental, and emotional needs of the child. We have also made
it clear that parental fitness must be determined at the time of the termination trial. Past
behavior is a relevant consideration in making that determination:
The termination statutes do not define the term “unfit;”
however, this Court has determined that “fitness includes the
ability to meet the ongoing physical, mental and emotional
needs of the child.” R.L.A. v. State, Dep’t of Family Servs. (In
re L.A.), 2009 WY 109, ¶ 14, 215 P.3d 266, 269 (Wyo. 2009).
Further:
It is well-settled that a parent’s fitness is to be
determined at the time of the termination trial. AJJ v.
State (In re KMJ), 2010 WY 142, ¶ 17, 242 P.3d 968,
971 (Wyo. 2010). “That does not mean, however, that
the district court must ignore evidence of a parent’s
previous unfitness.” Id. This Court recently reiterated
that “[i]t is appropriate for a district court to consider a
parent’s history and pattern of behavior over time in
determining whether rights should be terminated.”
JLW v. CAB (In re WDW), 2010 WY 9, ¶ 24, 224 P.3d
14, 20 (Wyo. 2010) (citations omitted). Evidence of
past behavior is “plainly relevant in determining
current parental fitness.” JD v. State (In re AE), 2009
WY 78, ¶ 18, 208 P.3d 1323, 1328 (Wyo. 2009).
PRG v. State, Dep’t of Family Servs. (In re KMO), 2012 WY
100, ¶ 20, 280 P.3d 1216, [1223] (Wyo. 2012).
NLT v. State (In re KAT), 2012 WY 150, ¶ 18, 288 P.3d 1217, 1222 (Wyo. 2012). There
is sufficient evidence in this record to support the district court’s conclusion that
Appellant is not fit to have custody and control of KGS.
[¶17] The trial testimony established that KGS has significant mental health needs. She
suffers from depression, reactive attachment disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder.
She requires continued therapy to address sexual reactive behaviors and suicidal
tendencies and will potentially need inpatient, residential treatment. Appellant lacks the
ability to meet those needs and conceded at the hearing that he does not want custody of
KGS. When asked how he would assist KGS with respect to her therapy and recovery,
Appellant replied, “Just being there for her. . . . As far as the fixing goes, I wouldn’t
know how to do that. I can only be there for her.” Appellant stated, “I don’t know
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nothing about no head fixing.”
[¶18] Appellant has had very little contact with KGS throughout her life. He has not
lived with KGS since 2004. His regular visitation ended in 2009 after Utah DCFS made
a supported finding that he had sexually abused KGS. He failed to take advantage of
subsequent opportunities to exercise supervised visitation. Although he has had
telephone contact with KGS, he did not see her for a period of two and a half years, from
January 2013 to July 2015. Additionally, the child abuse allegation and subsequent
supported finding cannot be ignored. “There can be nothing that makes a parent more
intrinsically unfit than abusing his child.” CDB v. DJE, 2005 WY 102, ¶ 7, 118 P.3d
439, 441 (Wyo. 2005). Appellant did not cooperate with the investigation in 2009, and
he did not provide any evidence or testimony at the termination hearing to dispute the
supported finding.
[¶19] Appellant’s current living situation is inadequate to allow him to care and provide
for KGS properly. He resides in his sister’s home with six other people, and admitted
that there would be no room for KGS in their home. He refused permission for a home
study.
[¶20] Appellant also has an extensive criminal record. He has been convicted of several
felony offenses, including burglary and negligent homicide. At the time of the Utah
home study report in 2008, Appellant had been incarcerated for nearly 20 years of his
life. Utah DCFS refused to place KGS with Appellant because of his criminal history
and drug use. His history of drug use prompted the Utah DCFS to request that he submit
to a drug test, but Appellant refused.
[¶21] Based upon the foregoing, we find that the district court’s determination that
Appellant is unfit to have custody and control of KGS is supported by clear and
convincing evidence. There was sufficient evidence to support termination of
Appellant’s parental rights pursuant to Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 14-2-309(a)(v). In light of that
determination, we need not address the claim that there was insufficient evidence to
support termination under subsection (a)(iii). In re HLL, ¶ 45, 372 P.3d at 194.
Due Process
[¶22] In his final issue, Appellant contends he was denied due process because he was
not properly notified of hearings and multi-disciplinary team meetings “[t]hroughout the
2013 juvenile court proceeding.” According to Appellant, the Department did not send
notices to his correct address in Utah. He asserts that “DFS and the juvenile court failed
to give Father proper notice of DFS and court documents.” He claims “[t]hese failures
violated Father’s due process rights and were prejudicial because the failures resulted in
Father not fully participating, which the district court relied on to terminate Father’s
parental rights.”
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[¶23] We find no merit in Appellant’s contentions. Although the notices in the juvenile
proceeding may have been incorrectly addressed, Appellant conceded that he received
those notices. Any issues that Appellant had with improper notice should have been
raised in those proceedings. More significantly, Appellant has made no showing that he
was denied due process in this case. The record reflects that he was represented by
counsel and participated fully in the termination proceedings.
[¶24] Affirmed.
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