Honorable Doug Crouch Opinion No. M- 1018
District Attorney
Tarrant County Courthouse Re: Whether the inclusion of
Fort Worth, Texas 76102 a presidential preferential
question on the official
primary election ballots of
the political parties in
Tarrant County would result
in invalidation of the of-
ficial ballots as to the
Dear Mr. Crouch: other races on the ballot.
You have requested an opinion from our office on the fol-
lowing question:
"Whether or not the inclusion of a presiden- "
tial preferential question on the official primary
election ballots of the political parties in Tarrant
County would result in the invalidation of the
official ballots as to the other races on the bal-
lot."
The Texas Election Code provides the sole and exclusive
method for the conduct and the holding of primary elections.
Article 1.011 provides as follows:
"The aim in adopting this Code is to state
in plain language the laws governing the nomina-
tion and election of officers and of holding other
elections, to simplify, clarify and harmonize the
existing laws in regard to parties ,,~~,suffrage
nom-
inations, and elections, and to safeguard the pur-
ityexllot box against error, fraud, mistake
and
- corruption, to the end that the will of the
1 All articles referred to are V.A.T.S., Election Code, unless
otherwise stated.
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Honorable Doug Crouch, page 2 (M-1018)
~people shall prevail and that true democracy
shall not perish from the Lone Star State.
To that end the provisions of this Code shall
apply to all elections and primaries held in
this State, except. as otherwise provided herein."
(Emphasis added.)
Article 6.05 provides for the form of the official bal-
lot in all elections in which presidential candidates' names
appear on the ballot. Subdivision 4 of this Article specifies
that the names of the candidates for President and Vice Presi-
dent shall appear on the ballot at the head of their respective
tickets.
Article 6.07 provides a method for the legislature to
submit proposed constitutional amendments or other questions to
be voted upon by the electorate in primary elections. Article
13.33 provides that the official ballot as prescribed by~Article
6.05 be used in the primary election and further specifies the
exclusive method of submitting special referendum questions on
the official primary ballot. Article 13.33 provides, in part,
as follows:
II
.,z state executive committee rnx
' at the general,primary election, %
submit;,
demand _,
for specific legislation on any sublect,
or any other matter, which may be proposed for
inclusion in the platform or resolutions -~-
of the
party," and uponpetition offive per cent of the
voters of the party, as shown by the total number
of votes cast for Governor at the last preceding
general.primary, the state executive ,committee
shall submit any such question or questlons to
the voters at the next general prim,ary~,1'
(Bmphas.isadded.)
The Election Code does not provide for presidential pref-
erential questions to be included on the official primary bal-
lot.
The courts have held that the election laws, even though
they may be mandatory in form, are construed as directory in
the absence of fraud or unless then departure or irregularity
has affected or changed the results of the election. Whiteside
v. Brown, 214 S.W.2d 844 (Tex.Civ.App. 1948, error dis.);
Minthorn v. Hale, 372 S.W.2d 752 (Tex.Civ.App. 1964, no writ).
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.
Honorable Doug Crouch, page 3 (M;1018)
Sawyer v. Board of Regents of Clarendon Junior College, 393
S.W.2d 391 (Tex.Civ.App. 1965, no writ).
Irregularities or minor departures from the express pro-
visions of the Election,Code do not normally affect the outcome
of an election. However, in a situation which might arise,, we
are not presented with what irregularities, minor or gross in
their nature, exist. Thus, we are faced with.a hypothetical
fact situation, wholly conj,ectural and ~speculative. It is con-
trary to the settled policy of this office to render an opinion
on ,purely conjectural, hypothetical, or speculative questions.
We are unable to say whether or not a presidential pref-
erential question willfully ,included on the official primary
ballot of Tarrant County in direct contravention of the Elec-
tion Code would constitute ,a fraud or would affect the outcome
of the election. This factual determination would have to be
made after a full investigation of all the relevant facts
surrounding the election. This office has no authority to pass
on.questions of fact.
SUMMARY
There is no statutory authority to authorize
the inclusion of a .presidential preferential
.question on the official primary election bal-
lots of the political payties of any.county.of
the State.
It is contrary to the policy of this office
to render qpinions based on fact situations wholly
conjectural and speculative, i.e. whether such an
irregularity as the inclusion of a presidential
preferential question on the primary ballot of
political parties might affect the outcome of the
election.
C. MARTIN
General of Texas
Prepared by E. L. Hamilton
Assistant Attorney General
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Honorable Doug Crouch, page 4 (M-1018)
APPROVED:
OPINION COMMITTEE
Kerns Taylor, Chairman
W. E. Allen, Co-Chairman
W. 0. Shultz
William J. Craig
Fisher Tyler
Lonny Zwiener
SAM MCDANIEL
Staff Legal Assistant
ALFRED WALKER
Executive Assistant
NOLA WHITE
First Assistant
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Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion
Combined Opinion