MEMORANDUM DECISION
FILED
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), Mar 07 2017, 9:25 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
regarded as precedent or cited before any Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
P. Jeffrey Schlesinger Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Lake County Public Defender’s Office Attorney General
Appellate Division
Caryn N. Szyper
Crown Point, Indiana Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Robert B. Scoggins, March 7, 2017
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
45A03-1608-CR-1902
v. Appeal from the Lake Superior
Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Diane Ross
Appellee-Plaintiff Boswell, Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
45G03-1412-F3-25
Crone, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 1 of 10
Case Summary
[1] Robert B. Scoggins appeals his conviction and eight-year sentence for level 3
felony aggravated battery. He argues that the trial court abused its discretion in
admitting photographs of the victim’s injuries. He also contends that the trial
court abused its discretion in sentencing him by failing to recognize mitigating
factors and that his sentence is inappropriate based on the nature of the offense
and his character. We find no abuse of discretion in either the admission of
evidence or in sentencing, and Scoggins has failed to carry his burden to show
that his sentence is inappropriate. Therefore, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] On December 19, 2014, Miriam Murray was living in an apartment with
Scoggins, her boyfriend of over eleven years. That evening, Murray’s sister
Gwendolyn Lambert was visiting them, and they were drinking beer and other
alcohol. Earlier that day, Murray and Scoggins had also smoked marijuana.
At some point, Scoggins received a phone call, and his mood changed. He
began yelling at Murray about sending her son money. Murray attempted to
get away from Scoggins by going into her bedroom. He followed her and
continued yelling at her. When she exited the bedroom, Scoggins hit her in the
face with his fist, causing her to fall to the ground. While Murray was on the
ground, Scoggins hit her with a chair more than once. The leg of the chair
struck Murray in the right eye. Lambert told Scoggins to stop, but he flipped
her over Murray’s body, and she landed in the kitchen. Murray did not see
much after that because she blacked out, but she remembered being hit and her
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 2 of 10
sister asking Scoggins to stop. Scoggins yelled at the two women to get out.
Murray and Lambert went into the bathroom to try to stop the bleeding from
Murray’s eye. Then, they walked to a local hospital a block and a half from the
apartment.
[3] Murray was treated in the hospital’s emergency room. Her right eye was
completely swollen, and she had a laceration under her eye that was five to
seven centimeters long. A CAT scan showed a rupture of her right eyeball, a
rupture of the lateral rectus muscle, which is on the nose side of the eye, and a
“shattering fracture” of a portion of the medial orbit wall. Tr. at 105. Murray
was transferred to a Chicago hospital for treatment by a specialist. On
December 21, 2014, doctors removed her right eyeball.
[4] The State charged Scoggins with level 3 felony aggravated battery, level 5
felony battery by means of a deadly weapon, level 5 felony battery resulting in
serious bodily injury, all naming Murray as the victim, and class A
misdemeanor battery resulting in bodily injury to Lambert. At trial, the State
offered into evidence exhibits 15 through 18, four photographs of Murray’s
injuries taken at the local hospital by a police evidence technician. Exhibit 15
shows Murray’s entire head, including her hand above her head, with her face
turned slightly away from the camera. Exhibit 16 is a close-up of Murray’s eye
and nose. Exhibit 17 is the same as exhibit 16 but with a ruler under her eye for
reference. Exhibit 18 shows Murray’s entire face, with the camera looking
square into her face. Scoggins objected to the admission of the photographs,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 3 of 10
which the trial court overruled. The State published only exhibits 15 and 18,
not the close-ups.
[5] At trial, Scoggins testified that Murray came at him with a knife, and he
grabbed a chair in self-defense. Then, when Murray grabbed the chair, he let go
of it, she fell over, and the knife and chair hit her in the face. The jury found
Scoggins guilty of the felonies but not guilty of the misdemeanor. Based on
double jeopardy principles, the trial court entered judgment of conviction only
for level 3 felony aggravated battery.
[6] At the sentencing hearing, the State requested a fourteen-year sentence, arguing
that Scoggins was in a position of trust with the victim, had shown no remorse,
and had a history of eleven prior arrests in three states. Scoggins argued that he
was sixty-four years old with no criminal convictions. The trial court found
that the circumstances surrounding the crime were a mitigating factor.1
However, it found that Scoggins’s prior contacts with the criminal justice
system indicated an anger issue and was an aggravating factor. It also found
that Scoggins’s relationship with the victim was an aggravating factor. The trial
court sentenced Scoggins to eight years in the Department of Correction. This
appeal ensued.
1
The trial court did not explain why the circumstances of the crime would be mitigating, and neither do the
parties.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 4 of 10
Discussion and Decision
Section 1 – The trial court did not abuse its discretion in
admitting evidence.
[7] Scoggins asserts that the trial court erred in admitting four photographs of
Murray’s injuries. This Court reviews the admission of photographic evidence
only for an abuse of discretion. Pruitt v. State, 834 N.E.2d 90, 117 (Ind. 2005),
cert. denied. “Generally, photographs that depict a victim’s injuries or
demonstrate the testimony of a witness are admissible.” Ward v. State, 903
N.E.2d 946, 958 (Ind. 2009). “‘Photographs, even those gruesome in nature,
are admissible if they act as interpretative aids for the jury and have strong
probative value.’” Corbett v. State, 764 N.E.2d 622, 627 (Ind. 2002) (quoting
Swingley v. State, 739 N.E.2d 132, 133 (Ind. 2000)). However, even relevant
photographic evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially
outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. Ind. Evid. Rule 403. A claim
that the evidence was improperly admitted will prevail only if the error affects a
substantial right of the party. Ind. Evid. Rule 103(a). To determine whether
an appellant’s substantial rights were affected we assess the “probable impact of
that evidence upon the jury.” Corbett, 764 N.E.2d at 628.
[8] Scoggins asserts that because the fact that Murray suffered a serious injury was
not at issue, the four photographs were inadmissible because they were not
relevant. We disagree. Relevant evidence is that which “has any tendency to
make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence and the
fact is of consequence determining the action.” Ind. Evid. R. 401. Even
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 5 of 10
though Scoggins did not contest the severity of Murray’s injuries, the State still
bore the burden to prove the elements of the aggravated battery charge beyond
a reasonable doubt. See Ind. Code § 35-42-2-1.5 (defining crime as knowingly
or intentionally inflicting injury that causes protracted loss or impairment of
function of bodily member or organ). In addition, the nature of Murray’s
injuries was relevant to refute Scoggins’s claim of self-defense. He claimed that
she fell backwards with the chair in her hands. The photographs showing the
severity of her injuries were relevant to show that an accident could not have
caused her injuries. The photographs were not all the same; two showed
Murray’s entire face at different angles and two were close-ups of her eye and
nose. Thus, not only were they relevant, we reject Scoggins’s contention that
they were cumulative.
[9] Scoggins also contends that even if the photographs were relevant, their
probative value was substantially outweighed by unfair prejudice. See Ind. Evid.
Rule 403 (“The court may exclude relevant evidence if its probative value is
substantially outweighed by a danger of … unfair prejudice … or needlessly
presenting cumulative evidence.”). In determining admissibility under
Evidence Rule 403, our courts “have emphasized that the relevant inquiry is not
merely whether the matter is prejudicial to the defendant’s interests, but
whether ‘it is unfairly prejudicial.’” Baer v. State, 866 N.E.2d 752, 763 (Ind.
2007) (quoting Steward v. State, 652 N.E.2d 490, 499 (Ind. 1995)). We are
unpersuaded that the photographs resulted in unfair prejudice. They were
highly probative to refute Scoggins’s self-defense claim and only two were
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 6 of 10
published to the jury—exhibits 15 and 18—neither of which were the close-ups.
We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the
photographs.
Section 2 – The trial court did not abuse its discretion in
sentencing Scoggins.
[10] Scoggins argues that the trial court erred in sentencing him by failing to find
certain mitigating factors. Sentencing decisions rest within the sound discretion
of the trial court. Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 490 (Ind. 2007), clarified on
reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218. So long as the sentence is within the statutory range, it is
subject to review only for an abuse of discretion. Id. An abuse of discretion
occurs if the decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and
circumstances before the court or the reasonable, probable, and actual
deductions to be drawn therefrom. Id. A trial court may abuse its discretion
during sentencing by entering a sentencing statement that omits mitigating
factors that are clearly supported by the record. Id. at 490-91.
[11] Scoggins asserts that the trial court abused its discretion in failing to find that
his age and lack of criminal history were mitigating factors. He contends that at
sixty-four years old, he has a low chance of recidivism. He also claims that he
had no actual convictions. We observe that
the trial court is not obligated to accept the defendant’s argument
as to what constitutes a mitigating factor, and a trial court is not
required to give the same weight to proffered mitigating factors as
does a defendant. A trial court does not err in failing to find a
mitigating factor where that claim is highly disputable in nature,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 7 of 10
weight, or significance. An allegation that a trial court abused its
discretion by failing to identify or find a mitigating factor requires
the defendant on appeal to establish that the mitigating evidence
is significant and clearly supported by the record.
Healey v. State, 969 N.E.2d 607, 616 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012) (citations omitted),
trans. denied. Scoggins has eleven prior arrests, including some that are related
to the current offense: two for battery; one for domestic battery; and two for
domestic assault. We conclude that Scoggins has failed to carry his burden to
show that his age and lack of convictions are significant and clearly supported
by the record. Therefore, we find no abuse of discretion.
Section 3 – Scoggins has failed to carry his burden to show
that his sentence is inappropriate.
[12] Scoggins also challenges his sentence as inappropriate. Article 7, Section 6 of
the Indiana Constitution authorizes this Court to independently review and
revise a sentence imposed by the trial court. Anglemyer, 868 N.E.2d at 491.
Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B) states, “The Court may revise a sentence
authorized by statute if, after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, the
Court finds that the sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense
and the character of the offender.” “Although appellate review of sentences
must give due consideration to the trial court’s sentence because of the special
expertise of the trial bench in making sentencing decisions, Appellate Rule 7(B)
is an authorization to revise sentences when certain broad conditions are
satisfied.” Purvis v. State, 829 N.E.2d 572, 588 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005) (internal
citations omitted), trans. denied. Scoggins bears the burden of persuading us that
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 8 of 10
his sentence is inappropriate. Rutherford v. State, 866 N.E.2d 867, 873 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2007).
[13] In considering the nature of a defendant’s offense, “the advisory sentence is the
starting point the Legislature has selected as an appropriate sentence.”
Anglemyer, 868 N.E.2d at 494. The advisory sentence for a level 3 felony is nine
years, with a range of three to sixteen years. Ind. Code § 35-50-2-5. The trial
court sentenced Scoggins to eight years. Scoggins contends that he should
receive the minimum sentence of three years. Although we have the power to
review and revise sentences, “[t]he principal role of appellate review should be
to attempt to leaven the outliers, and identify some guiding principles for trial
courts and those charged with improvement of the sentencing statutes, but not
to achieve a perceived ‘correct’ result in each case.” Cardwell v. State, 895
N.E.2d 1219, 1225 (Ind. 2008). “Since the advisory sentence is the starting
point our General Assembly has selected as an appropriate sentence for the
crime committed, the defendant bears a particularly heavy burden in persuading
us that his sentence is inappropriate when the trial court imposes the advisory
sentence.” Fernbach v. State, 954 N.E.2d 1080, 1089 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), trans.
denied. Here, Scoggins’s sentence is less than the advisory.
[14] As for the nature of Scoggins’s offense, he began yelling at Murray without any
provocation and punched her in the face, causing her to fall to the floor. While
she laid on the floor, he picked up a chair and repeatedly hit her in the face with
it. She was bruised and bleeding, but rather than calling for medical assistance,
he yelled at her to get out. Doctors were unable to save Murray’s right eye and
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 9 of 10
were forced to remove it. Nothing about the nature of the offense suggests that
Scoggins’s sentence is inappropriate.
[15] As for Scoggins’s character, there is also nothing so praiseworthy that persuades
us that his sentence, already below the advisory, is inappropriate. Although he
has no prior criminal convictions, he has eleven arrests. Five of those arrests
involved battery, including domestic battery. They also include drug use.
According to the presentence investigation report, Scoggins admitted that he
has a history of drug use, but he has never sought any substance abuse
treatment and committed the instant offense after ingesting marijuana and
alcohol. He showed no remorse for his conduct and blamed Murray for her
injuries. We conclude that Scoggins has failed to carry his burden to show that
his sentence is inappropriate.
[16] Based on the foregoing, we affirm Scoggins’s conviction and sentence.
[17] Affirmed.
Riley, J., and Altice, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 45A03-1608-CR-1902 | March 7, 2017 Page 10 of 10
Robert B. Scoggins v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)
Combined Opinion