J-E03004-16
2017 PA Super 61
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant
v.
TYSHAWN PLOWDEN
Appellee No. 143 WDA 2015
Appeal from the Order January 6, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-11-CR-0002528-2013
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., PANELLA, J., LAZARUS, J., OTT, J.,
STABILE, J., DUBOW, J., MOULTON, J., and RANSOM, J.
OPINION BY OTT, J.: FILED MARCH 08, 2017
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania appeals from the order1 entered
January 6, 2015, in the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County, that
granted the motion filed by Tyshawn Plowden pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule
of Criminal Procedure 600 and dismissed the charges against Plowden with
prejudice. The Commonwealth contends the trial court abused its discretion
in granting the motion because the Commonwealth exercised due diligence
in prosecuting Plowden who was incarcerated in another state outside the
____________________________________________
1
The Commonwealth properly certified, in its notice of appeal, that “said
order will terminate or substantially handicap the prosecution,” a
prerequisite to this Court’s jurisdiction pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 311(d). Notice
of Appeal, 1/20/2015.
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control of the Commonwealth. For the reasons below, we reverse and
remand for further proceedings.
The trial court summarized the relevant procedural history, as follows:
The parties have stipulated, in accordance with the record, that
the Rule 600 time limits expired on December 27, 2014. A
review of the record reveals that on June 9, 2014, [Plowden]
filed a Petition for Nominal Bail Pursuant to Rule 600, and
therein alleged that the 180-day time period for bringing him to
trial expired on June 9, 2014. On June 19, 2014, the Honorable
Gerard Long of this [c]ourt granted [Plowden’s] Petition and set
bond at $1.00. On July 11, 2014, [Plowden] was released from
the Cambria County Prison and was extradited to the State of
New York, following an extradition hearing on July 3, 2014.
At the January 5, 2015 hearing [on the Rule 600 motion], the
Commonwealth offered a written log and oral testimony from
Detective Lia DeMarco relative to the Commonwealth’s efforts to
secure [Plowden] from the State of New York from July 2014 to
present. See 1/5/15 Com. Exhibit A. At [the] hearing, Detective
DeMarco testified, in response to questioning by the Court, that
when the Cambria County Prison, in July 2014, inquired with the
Commonwealth as to whether [Plowden] could be extradited to
the State of New York, the Commonwealth did not object to the
extradition. N.T. 1/5/15 at p. 24. The Detective also admitted
that prior to his release from the Cambria County Prison, no one
scrutinized the charges … pending in Cambria County. [2] N.T.
1/5/15 at p. 24. However, she further testified that since this
case, the Commonwealth’s protocol has changed. N.T. 1/5/15 at
pp. 24-25. Additionally, counsel for the Commonwealth freely
admitted that the Commonwealth should have known that there
were charges pending against [Plowden], should have more
closely taken action prior to his release to the State of New York,
and are now attempting to rectify the errors. N.T. 1/5/15 at pp.
29-30.
____________________________________________
2
On November 17, 2013, the Commonwealth filed charges of aggravated
assault against Plowden for a shooting in the City of Johnstown. Plowden
was also charged with drug and firearms offenses.
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Testimony was also presented at the January 5, 2015 hearing
that the Commonwealth started proceeding pursuant to the
Interstate Agreement on Detainers (“IAD”) on September 24,
2014. N.T. 1/5/15 at p. 40. However, formal written demand
was not filed until October 9, 2014. Id. Thereafter, on December
12, 2014, as a “backup” plan, the Commonwealth also began
proceedings pursuant to the Uniform Extradition Act, as
Detective DeMarco learned from the State of New York that she
needed to obtain a governor’s warrant from Harrisburg. N.T.
1/5/15 at pp. 41-42.
On December 4, 2014, the last scheduled Jury Selection date
prior to the Rule 600 run date of December 27, 2014, the [c]ourt
specially set another Jury Selection date of December 16, 2014
to accommodate the Rule 600 time frame. However, [Plowden]
was not present on either December 4th or December 16th,
given that he was incarcerated in New York. In fact, as of the
January 5, 2015 hearing date, [Plowden] had still not been
returned to Cambria County, but his trial date was set for
January 8, 2015, and the Cambria County Sheriff’s Office had
made arrangements to transport [Plowden] from upstate New
York to Cambria County on January 7, 2015.
Trial Court Opinion, 3/9/2015, at 3–4.
Based upon these facts, the trial court granted Plowden’s Rule 600
motion and dismissed the criminal charges pending against him with
prejudice. The trial court also denied as moot Plowden’s objection to the
court conducting the January 5, 2015 hearing in his absence. Trial Court
Order, 1/6/2015, at 2 (unnumbered).
A divided panel of this Court affirmed the order of the trial court.
Thereafter, the Commonwealth sought en banc review, which this Court
granted. The matter is now ready for our review.
In evaluating a Rule 600 issue:
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[O]ur standard of review of a trial court’s decision is whether the
trial court abused its discretion. Judicial discretion requires
action in conformity with law, upon facts and circumstances
judicially before the court, after hearing and due consideration.
An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment, but if
in reaching a conclusion the law is overridden or misapplied or
the judgment exercised is manifestly unreasonable, or the result
of partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill will, as shown by the evidence
or the record, discretion is abused.
The proper scope of review is limited to the evidence on the
record of the Rule [600] evidentiary hearing, and the findings of
the [trial] court. An appellate court must view the facts in the
light most favorable to the prevailing party.
Additionally, when considering the trial court’s ruling, this Court
is not permitted to ignore the dual purpose behind Rule [600].
Rule [600] serves two equally important functions: (1) the
protection of the accused’s speedy trial rights, and (2) the
protection of society. In determining whether an accused’s right
to a speedy trial has been violated, consideration must be given
to society’s right to effective prosecution of criminal cases, both
to restrain those guilty of crime and to deter those
contemplating it. However, the administrative mandate of Rule
[600] was not designed to insulate the criminally accused from
good faith prosecution delayed through no fault of the
Commonwealth.
So long as there has been no misconduct on the part of the
Commonwealth in an effort to evade the fundamental speedy
trial rights of an accused, Rule [600] must be construed in a
manner consistent with society’s right to punish and deter crime.
In considering [these] matters . . . courts must carefully factor
into the ultimate equation not only the prerogatives of the
individual accused, but the collective right of the community to
vigorous law enforcement as well.
Commonwealth v. Watson, 140 A.3d 696, 697–698 (Pa. Super. 2016)
(citation omitted), appeal denied, ___ A.3d ___ [2016 Pa. LEXIS 2924] (Pa.
Dec. 28, 2016).
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Rule 600, as amended July 1, 2013,3 provides, in pertinent part, that
“[t]rial in a court case in which a written complaint is filed against the
defendant shall commence within 365 days from the date on which the
complaint is filed.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A)(2)(a). For purposes of computing
when trial must commence, “periods of delay at any stage of the
proceedings caused by the Commonwealth when the Commonwealth has
failed to exercise due diligence shall be included.... Any other periods of
delay shall be excluded from the computation.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(C)(1).
“When a defendant has not been brought to trial within the time periods set
forth in paragraph (A), at any time before trial, the defendant’s attorney, or
the defendant if unrepresented, may file a written motion requesting that
the charges be dismissed with prejudice on the ground that this rule has
been violated.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(D)(1).
The Comment to the Rule explains the computation of time, in relevant
part, as follows:
For purposes of determining the time within which trial must be
commenced pursuant to paragraph (A), paragraph (C)(1) makes
it clear that any delay in the commencement of trial that is not
attributable to the Commonwealth when the Commonwealth has
exercised due diligence must be excluded from the computation
of time Thus, the inquiry for a judge in determining whether
there is a violation of the time periods in paragraph (A) is
____________________________________________
3
All relevant actions in this case took place after the effective date of the
amendment.
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whether the delay is caused solely by the Commonwealth when
the Commonwealth has failed to exercise due diligence. If the
delay occurred as a result of circumstances beyond the
Commonwealth’s control and despite its due diligence, the time
is excluded. In determining whether the Commonwealth has
exercised due diligence, the courts have explained that “[d]ue
diligence is fact-specific, to be determined case-by-case; it does
not require perfect vigilance and punctilious care, but merely a
showing the Commonwealth has put forth a reasonable effort.”
Pa.R.Crim.P. 600, Comment (citations omitted).
The trial court, in the order under appeal, made the following findings:
1) Pursuant to the stipulation of the parties and in
accordance with the record, the Court finds that Rule 600
time limits expired in this case on December 27[,] 2014.
2) Having considered Commonwealth Exhibits 1 and A,[4] as
well as the testimony relative thereto, the Court finds
that the Commonwealth has failed to prove due diligence
on its part sufficient to extend the parameters of Rule
600. The lack of due diligence is further exemplified by
all of the following matters of record:
a) On June 9, 2014, [Plowden] filed a Petition for Nominal
Bail Pursuant to Rule 600, and alleged therein that the
180-day period expired on June 9, 2014. Thereafter,
on June 19, 2014, the Honorable Gerald Long granted
[Plowden’s] Petition and set bond at $1.00. Therefore,
the Commonwealth was on notice that Rule 600 again
would be violated in 180 days, absent any proper
defense continuances.
____________________________________________
4
Commonwealth’s Exhibit 1, presented to the court on December 4, 2014,
the date initially set for jury selection, is a document prepared by Detective
Lia DeMarco, showing her activity on Plowden’s case from July 3, 2014, to
November 20, 2014. Commonwealth’s Exhibit A, admitted at the Rule 600
hearing on January 5, 2015, is the same document with additional entries
that end on December 12, 2014.
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b) [Plowden] was released from the Cambria County Prison
to the State of New York, with the knowledge of the
Cambria County District Attorney’s Office, on July 11,
2014. The Commonwealth did not request a stay from
extradition.
c) On December 4, 2014, the last scheduled Jury Selection
date prior to the Rule 600 run date of December 27,
2014, the Court specially set another Jury Selection
date of December 16, 2014 to accommodate the Rule
600 time frame. However, [Plowden] was not present
on either December 4th or December 16th, given that he
was incarcerated in New York.
d) As of the January 5, 2015, hearing date, [Plowden] had
still not been returned to Cambria County, but his trial
date was set for January 8, 2015, and the Cambria
County Sheriff’s Office had made arrangements to
transport [Plowden] from upstate New York to Cambria
County on January 7, 2015.
Order, 1/6/2015, at 1–2.
In its Rule 1925(b) opinion, the trial court reiterated:
[I]t is clear that once [Plowden] was granted nominal bond on
June 19, 2014, the Commonwealth was on notice that Rule 600
would again be violated in 180 days, absent any proper defense
continuances. The record also reveals that, despite having
knowledge of New York’s extradition proceedings, at no time did
the Commonwealth request a stay from extradition. In fact, the
Commonwealth waited until October 9, 2014 to file any formal
written documents to initiate [Plowden’s] return. Again, as of
January 5, 2015, the Commonwealth still had not transported
[Plowden] for trial.
Accordingly, we find that the Commonwealth did not act with
due diligence in procuring [Plowden’s] person for trial, and that
the circumstances occasioning the delay in trial were not beyond
the Commonwealth’s control. Consistent with the aforesaid, and
in consideration of the entire record, the appeal should be
dismissed.
Trial Court Opinion, 3/9/2015, at 4–5.
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The Commonwealth’s position on appeal is that the trial court’s
decision to grant Plowden’s Rule 600 motion was based on the trial court’s
disapproval of the Commonwealth’s initial failure to contest Plowden’s
extradition to New York in July of 2014. The Commonwealth claims the trial
court “perceived allowing [Plowden] to be extradited [to New York] as a fatal
flaw.” Commonwealth Brief at 11. The Commonwealth asserts because
December 27, 2014, was the stipulated Rule 600 time limit and Plowden was
set to be transported and brought to trial on January 8, 2015, it needed to
prove only 12 days of excludable time relating to its diligent efforts to
transport Plowden from New York for trial. See Commonwealth Brief at 12.
The Commonwealth argues the 91-day period from October 9, 2014, when
the Commonwealth made a formal request for Plowden’s transfer pursuant
to the Interstate Agreement Detainers (“IAD”), 42 Pa.C.S. § 9101 et seq.,5
until jury selection on January 8, 2015, should be excluded from the Rule
600 computation based on its efforts to bring Plowden from New York to
Pennsylvania. See id. at 16. The Commonwealth also argues that delay
caused by Plowden contesting extradition, from October 17, 2014, to
December 19, 2014, the earliest possible date the Commonwealth could
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5
“The IAD is a compact among 48 states, the District of Columbia and the
United States. The IAD establishes procedures for the transfer of prisoners
incarcerated in one jurisdiction (the ‘sending state’) to the temporary
custody of another jurisdiction (the ‘receiving state’), which has lodged a
detainer against them.” Commonwealth v. Horne, 89 A.3d 277, 281 (Pa.
Super. 2014) (footnote and citations omitted).
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transfer him, constitutes redundant excludable time of 63 days. See id. at
17–18.
Plowden counters that it is of paramount importance that, while the
Commonwealth had notice of the potential speedy trial problems as of June
19, 2014, the date of the nominal bail hearing, and of the New York
detainer, the Commonwealth did not request the Governor of Pennsylvania
to hold Plowden until disposition of the Cambria County charges. Plowden
argues that the detective’s testimony at the Rule 600 hearing that the
Commonwealth had no notice of the pending charges against Plowden is of
no avail in light of the Commonwealth’s own records and its access to search
resources such as JNET [Justice Network] and the UJS [Unified Judicial
System] portal. In support, Plowden cites Commonwealth v. Browne,
584 A.2d 902, 905 (Pa. 1990), wherein the Pennsylvania Supreme Court
rejected the Commonwealth’s argument that “it would be unduly harsh to
require the office of the district attorney to monitor cases being returned to
the court in order to unearth ‘problem cases’ under Rule [600].” See
Plowden’s Brief at 7–8.6
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6
In Commonwealth v. Bradford, 46 A.3d 693 (Pa. 2012), the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court explained its decision in Browne, stating:
In Browne, the defendant was issued a Notice of Arraignment
by the district justice at the conclusion of the preliminary
hearing. Under the system of arraignments and criminal trials in
the relevant county, the trial date that corresponded to the
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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At the Rule 600 hearing, Detective Lia DeMarco, of the Cambria
County District Attorney’s Office, who was responsible for extradition
requests, detailed her efforts to secure Plowden’s return from New York.
N.T., 1/5/2015, at 10, 14–28; see also Commonwealth’s Exhibit A,
1/6/2015, at 1–4 (unnumbered). Detective DeMarco testified that prior to
the extradition hearing, the Commonwealth relied on information from
Cambria County Prison that indicated “there’s nothing else that’s holding him
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
defendant’s arraignment date resulted in a situation where the
trial would not commence until well beyond the mechanical run
date under Rule 1100 [now Rule 600]. Relevant to our ultimate
decision, under the local county rules applicable in Browne, the
district attorney was responsible for conducting the
arraignments. Id. at 904. When the potential Rule 1100
violation became apparent, the Commonwealth sought an
extension of the run date, which was denied by the trial court,
resulting in the eventual grant of the defendant’s Rule 1100
motion. The Superior Court reversed and reinstated the charges,
finding that the Commonwealth exercised due diligence and that
the delay was due to the district justice’s scheduling of the
arraignment.
We reversed, concluding that the Commonwealth failed to
exercise due diligence. We stated that to act with due diligence,
“prosecutors must do everything reasonable within their power
to see that the case is tried on time.” Id. at 905 (internal
citation omitted). We determined that the district attorney’s
actions were not reasonable in Browne: “Particularly in light of
the Lancaster County District Attorney’s heavy responsibility
under Local Rule 303 (with respect to conducting arraignments)
..., it is not unreasonable or erroneous to expect the District
Attorney’s Office to track arraignment dates on a routine basis.”
Id. at 905–06.
Bradford, supra, at 703-704.
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at our facility.” Id. at 13. Detective DeMarco admitted that based on this
information, the Commonwealth took no steps to delay or oppose New
York’s extradition request.7 See id. She further testified that “before we
even had the hearing, … we realized that … we would need [] to bring
[Plowden] back here.” Id. at 14.
Detective DeMarco stated her initial telephone contact with Plowden’s
New York parole officer was on July 3, 2014 — the same date as the
extradition hearing. Id. at 15. She discussed her efforts to communicate
with New York authorities, and testified that, on October 9, 2014, she
formally started the process to transfer Plowden to Pennsylvania pursuant to
the IAD. Id. at 15–16, 40. See also Commonwealth Exhibit A.
Following Detective DeMarco’s initiation of the IAD process, she was
informed on October 17, 2014, by her contact in New York that Plowden was
contesting his detainer and demanding a Cuyler hearing.8 See
Commonwealth Exhibit A. On October 20, 2014, Detective DeMarco learned
____________________________________________
7
The Commonwealth’s attorney acknowledged that “[o]ur office should have
known there were charges pending against Mr. Plowden. We should have
known that.” N.T., 1/5/2015, at 29.
8
“In Cuyler v. Adams, 449 U.S. 433, 101 S. Ct. 703, 6 L. Ed. 2d 641
(1981), the United States Supreme Court held that prisoners involuntarily
transferred by detainer pursuant to the IAD were entitled to the same pre-
transfer rights as those prisoners transferred under the Uniform Criminal
Extradition Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 9121 et seq., i.e., a pretrial hearing.”
Commonwealth v. Booze, 953 A.2d 1263, 1267 n.5 (Pa. Super. 2008).
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the IAD paperwork she had mailed to Harrisburg over two weeks earlier had
been received by her Harrisburg contact on that date. See id. On October
23, 2014, Detective DeMarco was advised by her Harrisburg contact that
IAD paperwork “Form V” should have been mailed directly to New York, and
Detective DeMarco sent a new Form V to New York by overnight mail. See
id. New York authorities received the paperwork on October 27, 2014, but
Plowden was not served with the IAD paperwork until November 12, 2014.
See id. On November 20, 2014, Detective DeMarco was notified that New
York authorities had scheduled a Cuyler hearing for December 10, 2014.
See id. See also N.T., 1/5/2015, at 51–52. On December 11, 2014,
Detective DeMarco learned the IAD hearing had failed, and she would need
to obtain a Governor’s Warrant.9 N.T., 1/5/2015, at 41. She sent the
paperwork for the Governor’s Warrant by overnight mail to Harrisburg on
December 12, 2014. See id. at 41. See also Commonwealth Exhibit A.
Despite New York authorities’ requirement for a Governor’s Warrant,
transfer was subsequently effectuated pursuant to the IAD. Id. at 42.
Detective DeMarco testified that on December 22, 2014, and December 29,
2014, the Cambria County District Attorney’s Office overnighted IAD forms
to Pennsylvania authorities for transmission to New York. Id. at 42–43.
Detective DeMarco further testified she did not know when Cambria County
____________________________________________
9
See Uniform Criminal Extradition Act, 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9121–9148.
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was informed that Plowden was available to be picked up from New York
authorities because she was not there when the call came to confirm the
transfer. Id. at 53. She had gone on maternity leave on December 19,
2014. Id. at 19. She testified that the call from New York to transfer
Plowden came “after the 19th.” Id. at 54. She stated Cambria County
deputies would be going to pick up Plowden “pursuant to the IAD based
upon the materials that were sent out on December the 29th [2014].” Id. at
43. Commonwealth counsel informed the trial court Plowden was scheduled
to be picked up in New York on January 7, 2015. Id. at 7. The
Commonwealth filed a request that the case be set for jury selection on
January 8, 2015. Id. at 6.
At the conclusion of the hearing, Plowden’s attorney argued that the
Commonwealth “knew or should have known of the situation here … on
June 24th when [New York’s] extradition request was received,” and that “all
of the steps that were taken afterwards were obviated or negated by letting
[Plowden] go [to New York authorities] on July 3rd without … asking the
governor to exercise discretionary power, not to extradite until the pending
prosecution was completed.” N.T., 1/5/2015, at 55–56. Plowden’s attorney
further argued that the delay “from the month of July to the month of
October,” when the Commonwealth initiated formal proceedings for
Plowden’s transfer, was “not due diligence.” Id. at 57. Plowden’s counsel
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asserted the Commonwealth “should have taken action in July or in August.”
Id. at 59.
The Commonwealth argued that 12 days elapsed between the
expiration of the Rule 600 date, December 27, 2014, and the date for jury
selection, January 8, 2015, and that based on the record there were at least
12 days of excludable delay because “certain things … happened here that
were beyond our control even though we attempted and tried to get
[Plowden] back.” Id. at 60. The Commonwealth argued that while “we
probably should have acted sooner than October when we finally and
formally instituted [IAD] proceedings[,] … [t]here would have been sufficient
time to bring [Plowden] back and try him … before the 365 days transpired
[sic].” Id. at 61–62. The Commonwealth urged that the additional delay
“was out of our hands.” Id. at 63.
“It is generally held that Rule [600] is tolled where the Commonwealth
shows, by a preponderance of the evidence, that it has acted with due
diligence in seeking extradition to bring the defendant to trial.”
Commonwealth v. McNear, 852 A.2d 401, 406 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation
omitted). A criminal defendant who is incarcerated in another jurisdiction is
unavailable within the meaning of Rule 600 if the Commonwealth
demonstrates by a preponderance of the evidence that it exercised due
diligence in attempting to procure the defendant’s return for trial.
Commonwealth v. Booze, 953 A.2d 1263, 1273 (Pa. Super. 2008), citing
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McNear, 852 A.2d at 404. See also Pa.R.Crim.P. 600, Comment (“[T]he
defendant should be deemed unavailable for the period of time during which
the defendant contested extradition, or a responding jurisdiction
delayed or refused to grant extradition.") (emphasis added).
As stated in our case law, and reiterated in the Comment to Rule 600,
“[d]ue diligence is fact-specific, to be determined case-by-case; it does not
require perfect vigilance and punctilious care, but merely a showing the
Commonwealth has put forth a reasonable effort.” Commonwealth v.
Selenski, 994 A.2d 1083, 1088 (Pa. 2010); Pa.R.Crim.P. 600, Comment,
citing Selinski. The Commonwealth has the burden of demonstrating by a
preponderance of the evidence that it exercised due diligence. Selinski,
994 A.2d at 1089.
Based on our review of the record, we find the trial court abused its
discretion in determining that “the Commonwealth did not act with due
diligence in procuring [Plowden’s] person for trial, and that the
circumstances occasioning the delay in trial were not beyond the
Commonwealth’s control.” Trial Court Opinion, 3/9/2015, at 4–5. While we
agree with the trial court that the time from July 3, 2014, up to October 9,
2014, is attributable to the Commonwealth,10 we conclude the
____________________________________________
10
Although we recognize Detective DeMarco communicated with New York
officials about the need to bring Plowden to Pennsylvania for trial, beginning
on July 3, 2014, and attempted to continue communication during the
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Commonwealth’s IAD transfer request evidences due diligence, and that the
IAD process was not within the control of the Commonwealth. As such, the
time from October 9, 2014, to January 7, 2015, represents excludable delay.
See Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(C)(1) and Comment; Booze, supra.
Whereas in Browne, cited by Plowden, the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court found a lack of due diligence due to the district attorney’s failure to
maintain a recordkeeping system to keep track of cases for Rule 600
purposes, 584 A.2d at 905–906, the present case involves the
Commonwealth’s immediate recognition — on or before the July 3, 2014,
extradition hearing — of its oversight and its need for Plowden’s return.
The record reflects Detective DeMarco contacted New York authorities
on July 3, 2014, maintained contact with them, and ultimately made a
formal request pursuant to the IAD, on October 9, 2014, for Plowden’s
return from New York. Although this request was made over three months
after the July 3, 2014, extradition hearing, there remained more than two
and one-half months before the date of December 27, 2014 — the stipulated
Rule 600 time limit. The record demonstrates that from October 9, 2014,
the IAD process was stymied mainly by New York authorities. The testimony
of Detective DeMarco described, inter alia, (1) an unexplainable delay of
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
months of July and August, the unresponsiveness of New York officials
should have prompted the Commonwealth to act earlier in accordance with
the IAD. See Commonwealth Exhibit A, at 1 (unnumbered).
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approximately two weeks for IAD papers to be received by Detective
DeMarco’s contact in Harrisburg, (2) a more than two-week delay by New
York authorities in serving Plowden with the IAD paperwork, (3) a three-
week delay by New York authorities in holding the Cuyler hearing, and (3)
New York authorities’ requirement — on December 11, 2014 — that the
transfer be done instead pursuant to a Governor’s Warrant, yet confirming
Plowden’s transfer at some point after December 19, 2014, and proceeding
pursuant to the IAD. As a result, Plowden was set to be picked up in New
York on January 7, 2015, and jury selection scheduled for January 8, 2015
— 12 days beyond the Rule 600 time limit.
Here, the Commonwealth demonstrated affirmatively that it proceeded
pursuant to the IAD process to achieve Plowden’s timely return and
continued to communicate with New York authorities, and that its goal was
foiled by circumstances over which it had no control. Because there was no
misconduct on the part of the Commonwealth to evade the fundamental trial
rights of Plowden, see Watson, 140 A.3d at 698, we conclude the 90-day11
delay during the period of the IAD process, from October 9, 2014, to
____________________________________________
11
The Commonwealth’s calculation of 91 days of excludable delay included
January 8, 2015. However, we have not included that date since Plowden’s
transfer to Pennsylvania was scheduled for January 7, 2015.
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January 7, 2015, is excludable from the Rule 600 calculation. 12 See
Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(C)(1); Pa.R.Crim.P. 600, Comment (“If the delay occurred
as the result of circumstances beyond the Commonwealth’s control and
despite its due diligence, the time is excluded.”). See also Booze, 953
A.2d at 1275 (where detective initiated involuntary IAD procedures on July
29, 2004, New Jersey officials delayed process, and defendant was
transferred to Pennsylvania on April 20, 2005, 256 days between July 29,
2004, and April 20, 2005, were properly excluded from Rule 600
calculation). We therefore reverse the order of the trial court and remand
for further proceedings.
Order reversed. Case remanded for further proceedings. Jurisdiction
relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/8/2017
____________________________________________
12
Even if we were only to consider New York authorities’ two weeks’ lapse in
serving Plowden with the IAD paperwork (October 29, 2014, to November
12, 2014), and nearly three weeks’ lapse in scheduling the Cuyler hearing
(November 20, 2014 to December 10, 2014), the excludable delay would
amount to 34 days, making the Rule 600 time limit beyond the date of the
court’s January 6, 2015 order that dismissed the charges against Plowden
with prejudice.
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