15-1029-cv
Pig Newton, Inc. v. Boards of Directors
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER
FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF
APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY
ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX
OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY
ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for
2 the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States
3 Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the
4 21st day of March, two thousand seventeen.
5
6 PRESENT: DENNIS JACOBS,
7 ROBERT D. SACK,
8 Circuit Judges,
9 PAUL A. ENGELMAYER,
10 District Judge.1
11
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13 PIG NEWTON, INC.,
14 Plaintiff-Counter-
15 Defendant-Appellant,
16
17 -v.- 15-1029-cv
18
19 BOARDS OF DIRECTORS OF THE MOTION
20 PICTURE INDUSTRY PENSION PLAN, MOTION
21 PICTURE INDUSTRY INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT
22 PLAN, MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY HEALTH
23 PLAN,
24 Defendants-Counter-
25 Claimants-Appellees.
1
Judge Paul A. Engelmayer, United States District Judge for the
Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.
1
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2
3 FOR APPELLANT: Ronald E. Richman, Michael E.
4 Swartz; Schulte Roth & Zabel LLP,
5 New York, NY.
6
7 William E. Zuckerman, Elizabeth
8 O’Leary; Kauff McGuire & Margolis
9 LLP, New York, NY.
10
11 FOR APPELLEES: Franklin K. Moss, Gillian
12 Costello; Spivak Lipton LLP, New
13 York, NY.
14
15 Appeal from orders of the United States District Court for
16 the Southern District of New York (Failla, J.).
17
18 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND
19 DECREED that the judgment of the district court be AFFIRMED.
20
21 Plaintiff and counter-defendant Pig Newton, Inc. appeals
22 from the judgment of the United States District Court for the
23 Southern District of New York (Failla, J.), granting summary
24 judgment in favor of the administrators of three multiemployer
25 employee benefit plans, which are subject the Employee
26 Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”). We review de novo the
27 district court’s grant and denial of motions for summary
28 judgment, viewing the record with respect to each “in the light
29 most favorable to the non-moving party.” See Dillon v. Morano,
30 497 F.3d 247, 251 (2d Cir. 2007). We assume the parties’
31 familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and
32 issues presented for review.
33 Appellant Pig Newton is the producer of the television
34 series “Louie” (and other ventures not at issue here). Louis
35 Szekely, known professionally as Louis C.K., is the sole owner
36 of Pig Newton and is employed by the company as the producer,
37 writer, director, star performer, and editor of “Louie.” The
38 multiemployer benefit plans at issue respectively provide
39 pension, retirement, and health benefits to individuals who work
40 in the motion picture industry. Each plan is governed by a Trust
41 Agreement.
2
1 At issue in this litigation is Pig Newton’s obligation to
2 contribute to the plans for Szekely’s work as an editor, which
3 accounts for only 15% of his work for (and 8% of his compensation
4 from) the company. Pig Newton brought this action seeking a
5 declaratory judgment that it is obligated to contribute to the
6 plans only for hours Szekely actually worked as an editor. The
7 defendants argue that under the “controlling employee”
8 provisions of the Trust Agreements, Pig Newton must contribute
9 for Szekely at a rate of 40 hours per week and 50 weeks per year
10 regardless of how many hours he worked as an editor. (They filed
11 counterclaims seeking delinquent contributions.)
12 The Trust Agreements impose that special contribution
13 obligation with respect to certain types of employees, including
14 “controlling employees,” which are defined as employees who are
15 shareholders, members, or officers of the employer (or spouses
16 of such shareholders, members, or officers) who are not the only
17 employee of the employer covered by an applicable collective
18 bargaining agreement (“CBA”). App. 724. The obligations are
19 evidently designed to assure that controlling employees, who
20 may be able to control their own hours, do not assign themselves
21 a minimum number of hours to qualify for benefits, thereby
22 minimizing contributions and maximizing coverage.
23 1. Pig Newton, while represented by counsel, agreed to be
24 bound by the Trust Agreements, and therefore is subject to the
25 controlling-employee provisions. In various “Agreements of
26 Consent” and “Trust Acceptances,” Pig Newton agreed “to become
27 a party to and be bound by . . . the Trust Agreements,” App.
28 1097 at ¶ 3, and to do so “to the same extent as though [it]
29 had executed such Trust Agreements.” App. 1098 at ¶ 7. Pig
30 Newton acknowledged familiarity with their provisions and
31 specifically agreed to their contribution requirements. Id.;
32 see also App. 1123–24, 1151–52, 1180–81.
33 Pig Newton’s arguments that the directors lacked the power
34 to enact the controlling-employee provisions are unpersuasive.
35 It is undisputed that when Pig Newton agreed to be bound by the
36 Trust Agreements (and acknowledged familiarity with their
37 terms), the controlling-employee provisions had been a part of
38 them for decades. In La Barbera v. J. D. Collyer Equip. Corp.,
39 337 F.3d 132 (2d Cir. 2003), we held that trustees of a benefit
3
1 fund had exceeded their authority by adopting a similar rule
2 unilaterally without being vested with the power to do so by
3 the Trust Agreement or any other authority. Id. at 137-39. In
4 the present case, however, the controlling-employee provisions
5 are part of the Trust Agreements themselves, and have been since
6 before Pig Newton agreed to them.
7 2. Pig Newton argues that the controlling-employee
8 provisions are contradicted (and effectively overruled) by
9 Paragraph 6 of the Trust Acceptances, which states that “[t]he
10 required contributions shall be made as [t]o employees only for
11 such services as the employees actually rendered in connection
12 with motion picture productions,” App. 1098, and by Article 7
13 of the CBAs, which sets out contribution rates “for all hours
14 worked or guaranteed.” App. 1109.
15 The interpretation of Paragraph 6 that Pig Newton evidently
16 favors--a one-for-one formula between hours worked and plan
17 contributions--would put these provisions in tension not only
18 with the Trust Agreements but also with each other. It is, as
19 Judge Failla noted below, a “cardinal principle of contract
20 construction[] that a document should be read to give effect
21 to all its provisions and to render them consistent with each
22 other.” Mastrobuono v. Shearson Lehman Hutton, Inc., 514 U.S.
23 52, 63 (1995). The same reasoning applies across multiple
24 documents that are incorporated by reference. The
25 applicability of rates for “hours worked or guaranteed” compels
26 the interpretation that contributions “only for such services
27 as the employees actually rendered” include contributions for
28 hours guaranteed but not worked. Therefore, the limitation that
29 contributions are “only for such services as the employees
30 actually rendered” does not mandate an hour-for-hour formula.
31 Contributions for guaranteed (though unworked) hours, and
32 for hours set by the controlling-employee rule when the
33 controlling employee does some of the relevant work, are
34 contributions in respect of “such services as the employees
35 actually rendered” notwithstanding that the contribution does
36 not necessarily correspond to the number of hours and weeks that
37 were worked.
38
4
1 Accordingly, and finding no merit in appellant’s other
2 arguments, which we reject substantially for the reasons given
3 by the district court in its thorough decision, we hereby AFFIRM
4 the judgment of the district court.
5 FOR THE COURT:
6 CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, CLERK
5