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ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION II
No. CV-16-818
Opinion Delivered: April 12, 2017
DANIEL MONTEZ
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM THE WASHINGTON
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
V. [NO. 72DR-14-1919]
CONSUELA MONTEZ (NOW TRUJILLO) HONORABLE JOANNA TAYLOR,
APPELLEE JUDGE
REVERSED AND REMANDED
RAYMOND R. ABRAMSON, Judge
Daniel Montez appeals the Washington County Circuit Court’s order denying his
motion to change custody of his children, M.M. and J.M., and granting the motion of his
former wife, Consuela Montez, to modify his child-support payments. On appeal, Daniel
argues that the circuit court erred in finding that he failed to establish a material change in
circumstances warranting a modification of custody. In the alternative, Daniel argues that
the court erred in modifying his child-support payments, imputing his annual net income
to $398,690, and failing to apply the factors from Arkansas Supreme Court Administrative
Order Number 10 (“Administrative Order No. 10”) that would require a downward
deviation from the family-support chart. We reverse and remand.
Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 220
On January 9, 2015, the Washington County Circuit Court entered a divorce
decree for Daniel and Consuela. The decree incorporated the parties’ property-settlement
and child-custody agreement. The agreement provided in part
1. Child Custody and Visitation: The parties agree that they are both fit and proper
parents. The parties agree that they shall enjoy joint custody of the two minor
children, [M.M. and J.M.,] and shall endeavor to have equal time with the minor
children as delineated herein.
a. Each parent shall have the minor children in his/her physical care and
custody alternating weeks from Friday at 6:00 p.m. until the following
Friday at 6:00 p.m., or as otherwise mutually agreed by the parties. The
parent picking up the children for his/her week shall provide transportation.
....
2. Support and Maintenance of the Children:
a. That because the parties shall share joint custody and spend equal time
with the children, neither party shall pay child support to the other.
....
3. Division of Property:
....
a. Business: During the marriage, the parties each owned an equal one-half
share of businesses they owned and operated during the marriage, namely
“Finishing Touches,” a construction business, and “Venture Properties of
NWA,” which rents and manages investment properties. [Consuela] shall
relinquish any and all ownership interest and liability in these businesses . . .
as well as her employment at “Venture Properties” with the exception of
and in exchange for the following:
....
ii. Weekly payments of $500.00 (an amount equal to her net pay as
an employee of “Finishing Touches”) for three (3) years following
the filing of this Order, due on each and every Friday beginning with
the first Friday in January 2015. Payment shall be made regardless of
the status of the business or [Consuela]’s marital status.
On October 29, 2015, Consuela filed a motion to modify the child-support
agreement in the divorce decree. She alleged that she had remarried on September 2,
2015, and since that time, Daniel had refused to financially help the children while they
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were at her home. She attached the parties’ 2014 income tax return that showed Daniel’s
net income was $350,008, or $29,167 per month. She alleged that her annual income is
$26,000 from weekly payments of $500 from Daniel’s business. Thus, she argued,
pursuant to Administrative Order Number 10, Daniel’s child-support obligation should be
$6,058.07 per month. She noted that her child-support obligation based on her weekly
income should be $632.33 per month. Accordingly, she asked the court to order Daniel to
pay her the difference, $5,425.74 a month.
On February 11, 2016, Daniel filed a motion for modification of custody. He
asserted that since their divorce, there had been a material change in circumstances
warranting that he be the primary custodial parent. He alleged that Consuela’s new
husband, Richard, had pled guilty to a fourth driving while intoxicated (“DWI”) offense
on September 25, 2015; that he had been sentenced to five years’ imprisonment with
three years’ suspended imposition of sentence; that he is expected to be paroled in
October 2016; that Consuela and Richard have a violent relationship that has required
police intervention; that M.M. had smoked marijuana and had consumed alcohol while in
Consuela’s custody; and that M.M. had been suspended from school for truancy.
Consuela also filed a motion for modification of custody on February 11, 2016.1
She alleged that there had been a material change in circumstances warranting that she be
the primary custodial parent. She asserted that Daniel had been hostile to her; that he had
alienated the children from her; that the children had been exposed to drunkenness and
1
She also informed the court that the parties had attempted mediation of the
custody and support issues on February 4, 2016, but they were unsuccessful in reaching an
agreement.
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violence at Daniel’s home; that Daniel’s adult children had attacked M.M.’s boyfriend;
that several other people lived at Daniel’s home, including his adult son who had been
incarcerated for assault and battery of his girlfriend; and that the children had entered
counseling due to depression.
On June 6, 2016, the court held a hearing on the motions. Consuela testified that
during the marriage, she was the primary caregiver for the children. She stated that she
originally declined child support from Daniel because she believed she had a steady
income. She stated that after she married Richard, Daniel stopped providing the children
with money for lunch and extracurricular activities and told them to ask Consuela for the
money.
Consuela explained that her husband Richard is currently incarcerated for his
fourth DWI but that she anticipated his release from prison in July. She stated that when
he is released, he must attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and counseling. She denied
that Richard drank or was violent in front of the children but admitted that he had
physically assaulted her. She discussed three different occasions where she had called the
police concerning disputes between her and Richard. Specifically, on July 5, 2015, she
called the police after Richard had kicked in the door to their house. She also called the
police as a result of a “heated” argument at their home but explained that she only wanted
the police to supervise Richard as he removed his personal items. She further discussed an
incident that had occurred in Wisconsin when Richard went to jail after he had pushed
her out of their hotel room.
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As to their daughter M.M., Consuela testified that since the divorce, M.M. had
transferred back and forth between the Farmington School District and the Springdale
School District. Consuela stated that M.M. is not allowed to drink or smoke marijuana
while in her custody but that M.M. had been arrested for having marijuana at school. She
explained that M.M. had been sentenced to teen court and that she did not inform Daniel
about the arrest. She also noted that M.M. had received in-school suspension for skipping
school. Consuela stated that she handled M.M.’s disciplinary issues and initiated and
oversaw the transfer process between the schools. She did not discuss the decisions with
Daniel. As to their son J.M., Consuela testified that his demeanor has changed since the
divorce and that he has gained weight. She noted that “all of this chaos [is not] making
him feel secure.” She further stated that J.M. cries every time he leaves her house and that
going from one environment to the other “disturbs” him.
As to her current relationship with Daniel, Consuela testified that he will not
communicate with her. She stated that she had not had an actual conversation with Daniel
in almost a year. She noted that when she did see him, he frequently yelled at her. She
also admitted that she engaged in yelling and name-calling toward Daniel. She further
stated that when the children are in his custody, she cannot contact them. She believed
that joint custody is best for the children if she and Daniel could cooperate; but she stated,
“[W]e can’t, and it’s stressful on all of us.”
Daniel testified that even though the divorce decree provides that he and Consuela
should alternate custody every week, he has the children approximately seventy percent of
the time. He noted that when Consuela first moved in with Richard, the children lived
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with him more than seventy percent of the time. He testified that since the divorce, he
had taken the children to their medical, dental, and orthodontic appointments but that he
had not informed Consuela about them. He also noted that since the divorce he had hired
a live-in nanny to help with J.M. while he is working.
As to M.M.’s disciplinary issues, Daniel testified that he knew about M.M.’s in-
school suspension but that Consuela never informed him about her arrest; he learned
about her arrest during mediation. He admitted that even after learning about the arrest,
he did not contact M.M.’s probation officer or her attorney and that Consuela had been
handling the situation. He also stated that Consuela did not inform him that M.M. had
transferred to another school but that M.M. seemed happy with her most recent transfer
and that he approved.
Daniel testified that when Consuela had disputes with Richard, she would
frequently call him and ask to come back to him. Daniel stated that Consuela and Richard
had a pattern: Richard would beat her up, she would call the police and kick him out, and
then she would call Daniel. Daniel testified that the children had been exposed to the
disputes between Conseula and Richard and that he did not feel comfortable with his
children’s being around Richard; he described Consuela and Richard as “toxic people.”
He also voiced concerns about Consuela’s alcohol and marijuana consumption. He
recalled her stating that she had consumed marijuana in 2015. He further stated that he
could not have a civil conversation with Consuela and that he could not coparent with
her.
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Following the testimony, the attorney ad litem recommended that the court order
joint custody. She noted that M.M. had expressed a preference that the parents continue
with joint custody but that J.M. did not have the sufficient capacity to make the decision
based on his age and emotional instability.2 The ad litem expressed concern about
Richard’s returning to Consuela’s home after his release from prison, and she
recommended that Daniel have an extended summer visitation from June 15 through
August 15 and that Consuela should have only weekend visits. The court took the matter
under advisement.
On June 14, 2016, the court held a hearing and ruled on the parties’ motions. The
court found that neither Daniel nor Consuela had established a material change in
circumstances warranting a modification of custody and that it was in the best interest of
the children for the joint-custody arrangement from the divorce decree to remain in place.
The court noted that it had concerns about Consuela and Richard’s relationship but found
that Consuela should decide whether her house is safe for the children once Richard is
released from prison. The court “hope[d] that Consuela acknowledges that [M.M.]’s
behavior has improved since Richard hasn’t been at the house.”
As to Daniel’s child-support obligation, the court found the agreement from the
divorce decree to be against public policy, and it modified the agreement. Specifically, it
imputed Consuela’s income to be $26,000 per year with a monthly income of $2,167.
Therefore, pursuant to Administrative Order No. 10, it calculated her child-support
obligation to Daniel to be $631. The court imputed Daniel’s annual income to be
2
The ad litem met with J.M. on one occasion. She tried to meet with him again,
but J.M. was too upset to attend the second meeting.
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$398,690 with a monthly income of $33,224. Thus, pursuant to Administrative Order
No. 10, it calculated his child-support obligation to be $6,910. The court offset Daniel’s
obligation with Consuela’s obligation. Accordingly, it found that Daniel should pay
Consuela $6,279 each month. On June 28, 2016, the court entered a written order
reciting its oral findings.
Following the entry of the court’s order, Daniel timely filed his notice of appeal.
On appeal, Daniel argues that the circuit court erred in finding that he failed to establish a
material change in circumstances warranting a modification of custody. In the alternative,
Daniel argues that the court erred by modifying his child-support payments, imputing his
annual net income to $398,690, and failing to apply the factors from Administrative Order
No. 10 that would require a downward deviation from the family-support chart.
We first address Daniel’s argument that the court erred in finding that he failed to
establish a material change in circumstances warranting a modification of custody. This
court performs a de novo review of child-custody matters, but we will not reverse a
circuit court’s findings unless they are clearly erroneous. Taylor v. Taylor, 353 Ark. 69, 110
S.W.3d 731 (2003). A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to
support it, the reviewing court is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake
has been made. Smith v. Parker, 67 Ark. App. 221, 998 S.W.2d 1 (1999). We recognize
and give special deference to the superior position of a circuit court to evaluate the
witnesses, their testimony, and the child’s best interest. Sharp v. Keeler, 99 Ark. App. 42,
256 S.W.3d 528 (2007).
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Arkansas law is well settled that the primary consideration in child-custody cases is
the welfare and best interest of the children; all other considerations are secondary. Harris
v. Harris, 2010 Ark. App. 160, 379 S.W.3d 8. A judicial award of custody will not be
modified unless it is shown that there are changed conditions that demonstrate that a
modification of the decree will be in the best interest of the child, or when there is a
showing of facts affecting the best interest of the child that either were not presented to
the circuit court or were not known by the circuit court at the time the original custody
order was entered. Id.; Stehle v. Zimmerebner, 375 Ark. 446, 291 S.W.3d 573 (2009).
Generally, courts impose more stringent standards for modifications in custody than they
do for initial determinations of custody. Grisham v. Grisham, 2009 Ark. App. 260. The
reasons for requiring more stringent standards for modifications than for initial custody
determinations are to promote stability and continuity in the life of the child and to
discourage repeated litigation of the same issues. Id. The party seeking modification has
the burden of showing a material change in circumstances. Byrd v. Vanderpool, 104 Ark.
App. 239, 290 S.W.3d 610 (2009).
When the parties have fallen into such discord that they are unable to cooperate in
sharing physical care of their children, this constitutes a material change in circumstances
affecting the children’s best interest. Word v. Remick, 75 Ark. App. 390, 58 S.W.3d 422
(2001). We have reversed the continuation of a joint-custody arrangement on a motion to
modify custody when “there was a mountain of evidence . . . demonstrating that the
parties could no longer cooperate in reaching shared decisions in matters affecting their
children.” Doss v. Miller, 2010 Ark. App. 95, at 9, 377 S.W.3d 348, 355; see also Stibich v.
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Stibich, 2016 Ark. App. 251, at 5, 491 S.W.3d 475, 479 (quoting Gray v. Gray, 96 Ark.
App. 155, 157, 239 S.W.3d 26, 29 (2006)) (“Regardless of whether joint custody is
favored, our law remains that ‘the mutual ability of the parties to cooperate in reaching
shared decisions in matters affecting the children’s welfare is a crucial factor bearing on the
propriety of an award of joint custody, and such an award is reversible error where the
cooperation between the parents is lacking.’”)
In this case, we hold that the circuit court clearly erred in finding that Daniel failed
to establish a material change in circumstances warranting a modification of custody. Both
Daniel and Consuela filed motions for modification of custody wherein they asserted that
there had been a material change in circumstances since the entry of the divorce decree.
At the hearing, both Daniel and Consuela testified that they cannot communicate with
each other and that the joint-custody arrangement is not working. Consuela described the
circumstances as “chaotic,” and Daniel stated that he cannot have a “civil conversation”
with Consuela. Further, and most significantly, they testified about the effects of the
arrangement on the children. Consuela stated that J.M.’s demeanor had changed since the
divorce and that the custody arrangement distressed him. Further, the testimony showed
that since the divorce, M.M. had significant disciplinary issues. Moreover, there was
evidence that Consuela and her new husband had a volatile relationship that had also
negatively affected the children. Given these circumstances, we are left with a definite and
firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Accordingly, we hold that the circuit court
clearly erred in finding that Daniel failed to establish a material change in circumstances
warranting a modification of custody. We reverse the circuit court’s award of joint
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custody and remand this case to the circuit court for an award of custody consistent with
this opinion.
With the custody award reversed and remanded, we do not reach the merits of
Daniel’s argument concerning the modification of his child-support payments. The issue
of child support must also be remanded to the circuit court.
Reversed and remanded.
KLAPPENBACH and VAUGHT, JJ., agree.
Reece Moore Pendergraft LLP, by: Timothy C. Hutchinson, for appellant.
Elizabeth Finocchi, for appellee.
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