IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
OF TEXAS
NO. WR-86,603-01
EX PARTE RYUN DAVID WAHLGREN, Applicant
ON APPLICATION FOR A WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS
CAUSE NO. W14-76696-M(A) IN THE 194th DISTRICT COURT
FROM DALLAS COUNTY
Per curiam.
OPINION
Pursuant to the provisions of Article 11.07 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, the
clerk of the trial court transmitted to this Court this application for a writ of habeas corpus. Ex parte
Young, 418 S.W.2d 824, 826 (Tex. Crim. App. 1967). Applicant was convicted of failure to register
as a sex offender and sentenced to two years’ imprisonment. He did not appeal his conviction.
Applicant contends that he is actually innocent of being required to register as a sex offender,
and his plea was involuntary because he was not informed that he was not required to register as a
sex offender.
In order to obtain relief on a claim of actual innocence, an applicant must prove the evidence
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relied upon is “newly discovered” or “newly available.” Ex parte Brown, 205 S.W.3d 538, 545 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2006).1 And we have extended the availability of actual innocence claims to sex
offender registration. Ex parte Harbin, 297 S.W.3d 283 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009). In that case,
applicant claimed he did not have a duty to register as a sex offender for the out-of-state offenses
listed in the indictment and thus he was actually innocent. We held that, because neither of the out-
of-state offenses listed were eligible for consideration as reportable offenses, applicant did not have
a duty to register for the offenses listed in the indictment.
In Harbin, the applicant also claimed that “newly discovered evidence of actual innocence
was unavailable at the time of his initial applications.2 Specifically, Applicant asserts that a 2008
determination by DPS conclusively establishes that California Penal Code § 647.6 is not
substantially similar to a Texas offense requiring registration under the Sex Offender Registration
Act (SORA).” Id. at 285. Therefore, the applicant in Harbin made a showing to satisfy the
requirement that the evidence relied upon was “newly discovered” or “newly available.”
In this case, the agreed findings of fact and conclusion of law recommending relief are
contradictory in nature. The trial court acknowledges the requirement that evidence of actual
innocence be newly discovered or newly available but it finds, in pertinent part:
In January 2013, DPS3 published its substantial similarity list for Kansas offenses and
determined that the predicate offense in this case was not substantially similar to a
Texas offense requiring registration. It appears that the State did not obtain a current
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We further explained this requirement by stating an applicant “cannot rely upon
evidence or facts that were available at the time of trial, plea, or post-trial motions, such as a
motion for new trial.” Id. at 545.
2
The facts in Harbin involved a subsequent application for a writ of habeas corpus.
3
The Texas Department of Public Safety.
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similarity determination in advance of charging Applicant with the instant offense.
And the trial court concludes, in pertinent part:
The Court concludes that since DPS had determined prior to Applicant’s indictment
in the instant case that the predicate Kansas offense is not substantially similar to a
Texas offense requiring sex offender registration, Applicant could not be found guilty
of failure to register as a sex offender as charged.
Applicant was charged with committing this offense on November 19, 2014, and he was convicted
pursuant to a plea agreement on June 30, 2015. The agreed findings and conclusions indicate that
the evidence relied upon by Applicant was available at the time of trial. Therefore, Applicant has
not met the burden of proof required to obtain relief in a claim of actual innocence.
Applicant also claims his plea in this case was involuntary because he was not informed that
he was not required to register as a sex offender and he would never have entered into a plea bargain
agreement in this case had he known that he was not required to register as a sex offender. The trial
court’s recommendation to grant relief on this ground is supported by the record. Applicant is
entitled to relief on his claim that his plea in this case was involuntary. Ex parte Huerta, 692 S.W.2d
681 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985).
Relief is granted. The judgment in Cause No. F14-76696-M in the 194th District Court of
Dallas County is set aside, and Applicant is remanded to the custody of the Sheriff of Dallas County
to answer the charges as set out in the indictment. The trial court shall issue any necessary bench
warrant within 10 days after the mandate of this Court issues.
Copies of this opinion shall be sent to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice–Correctional
Institutions Division and Pardons and Paroles Division.
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Delivered: April 26, 2017
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