NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAY 23 2017
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
HARD2FIND ACCESSORIES, INC., No. 14-36059
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-00950-RSM
v.
MEMORANDUM*
AMAZON.COM, INC., a Delaware
Corporation; APPLE INC., a California
Corporation,
Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Washington
Ricardo S. Martinez, Chief Judge, Presiding
Submitted May 16, 2017**
Seattle, Washington
Before: GOULD and PAEZ, Circuit Judges, and LEMELLE,*** District Judge.
Plaintiff Hard2Find Accessories, Inc. (“H2F”) appeals the dismissal with
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable Ivan L.R. Lemelle, United States Senior District Judge
for the Eastern District of Louisiana, sitting by designation.
prejudice of its complaint against Defendants Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”) and
Apple, Inc. (“Apple”). H2F was a third party seller on Amazon, but Amazon
suspended H2F’s selling account after Apple reported to Amazon that H2F was
purportedly selling counterfeit iPad covers. H2F’s complaint alleged claims for
breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, breach of
fiduciary duty, tortious interference with business expectancy, unjust enrichment,
defamation, violations of federal and state antitrust law, violations of Washington’s
Uniform Money Services Act (“UMSA”), and violations of Washington’s
Consumer Protection Act (“CPA”).
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review “de novo the
district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6),” Ebner v. Fresh,
Inc., 838 F.3d 958, 962 (9th Cir. 2016). We affirm.
1. The district court appropriately applied the Noerr-Pennington
doctrine, which foreclosed H2F’s claims against Apple. The infringement notice
that Apple sent to Amazon is sufficiently related to petitioning conduct protected
by the Petitions Clause. See Rock River Commc’ns, Inc. v. Universal Music Grp.,
Inc., 745 F.3d 343, 351 (9th Cir. 2014); Sosa v. DIRECTV, Inc., 437 F.3d 923, 934
(9th Cir. 2006). Although the Noerr-Pennington doctrine recognizes an exception
where such conduct is nothing more than a “sham,” here, H2F did not plead with
particularity that Apple’s infringement notice about H2F’s products was a “sham.”
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See Or. Nat. Res. Council v. Mohla, 944 F.2d 531, 534 (9th Cir. 1991). H2F’s
complaint included customer complaints regarding the authenticity of H2F’s
products, which could support Apple’s trademark infringement and counterfeiting
concerns, and therefore Apple’s notice to Amazon was not baseless. H2F did not
otherwise challenge the district court’s alternative ground for dismissal: that H2F
failed to state its antitrust claims against Apple.
2. The district court did not err in dismissing H2F’s UMSA claim
against Amazon because section 330 of the UMSA—requiring money transmitters
to transmit money within ten business days after receiving the money—does not
create a private cause of action. See Wash. Rev. Code § 19.230.330. H2F has not
shown that “[1] [it] is within the class for whose ‘especial’ benefit the statute was
enacted; [2] legislative intent, explicitly or implicitly, supports creating or denying
a remedy; and [3] implying a remedy is consistent with the underlying purpose of
the legislation.” Bennett v. Hardy, 784 P.2d 1258, 1261–62 (Wash. 1990). In
particular, that the state legislature expressly provided a cause of action under
section 350 of the UMSA, but not under section 330, indicates that the legislature
most likely did not intend to permit private causes of action under section 330. See
Perez-Crisantos v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 389 P.3d 476, 481 (Wash. 2017).
3. H2F did not adequately allege that Amazon violated the CPA because
its UMSA claim cannot serve as the predicate offense for its CPA claim. Section
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330 of the UMSA does not expressly declare that violating the provision is a
violation of the CPA, and H2F does not otherwise allege that the Agreement’s
terms were deceptive or unfair. See Klem v. Wash. Mut. Bank, 295 P.3d 1179,
1187 (Wash. 2013).
4. The district court properly dismissed H2F’s breach of contract claims
against Amazon. First, Section 2 of the Business Services Agreement gave
Amazon the discretion to delay initiating any remittances for 90 days following the
date of the initial account suspension in addition to the 14 days Amazon had to
remit payments on the schedule set forth in Section S-6. Second, the Program
Policies’ language on which H2F relies to argue that Amazon had certain
investigative duties do not have the force of a contractual provision. See Stewart v.
Chevron Chem. Co., 762 P.2d 1143, 1145 (Wash. 1988).
5. Because Amazon did not have the contractual duties alleged by H2F,
Amazon did not have a corresponding obligation to perform the duties in good
faith. See Johnson v. Yousoofian, 930 P.2d 921, 925 (Wash. Ct. App. 1996) (“The
implied duty of good faith is derivative, in that it applies to the performance of
specific contract obligations.”). H2F does not otherwise allege that the duty of
good faith and fair dealing must apply because Amazon had the discretionary
authority to determine the terms of its contract. See Rekhter v. Dep’t of Soc. &
Health Servs., 323 P.3d 1036, 1041 (Wash. 2014).
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6. H2F does not challenge the district court’s dismissal of its state and
federal antitrust claims, breach of fiduciary duty claim, and unjust enrichment
claim against Amazon, nor dismissal of the defamation claim against Apple. See
Smith v. Marsh, 194 F.3d 1045, 1052 (9th Cir. 1999) (“[O]n appeal, arguments not
raised by a party in its opening brief are deemed waived.”).
AFFIRMED.
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