[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 16-16398
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 1:16-cv-22053-UU
WARREN OLIVER,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
KATHLEEN FUHRMAN,
Public Health Nutrition Program
Manager,
SHANE PHILLIPS,
Operation Manager,
CRAIG MCCORMICK,
Public Health Nutrition Program
Manager,
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF
CORRECTIONS,
JOHN DOE,
Food Director at Martin Correctional
Institution, et al.,
Defendants-Appellees.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
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(May 30, 2017)
Before MARCUS, JORDAN and ROSENBAUM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Warren Oliver, a Florida prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals the district
court’s dismissal of his civil rights complaint, filed against various prison officials
pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, for failure to state a claim, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
1915(e). On appeal, Oliver argues that: (1) his complaint sufficiently stated an
Eighth Amendment claim, where he alleged that prison officials served prisoners
“toxic meat,” and that prison officials failed to ensure that the dishes were properly
cleaned; and (2) the district court should have allowed him the opportunity to
amend his complaint. After careful review, we vacate and remand.
We review de novo a district court’s sua sponte dismissal for failure to state
a claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), using the same standards that
govern Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) dismissals. Mitchell v. Farcass, 112 F.3d 1483,
1490 (11th Cir. 1997). Section 1915(e) provides, inter alia, that an IFP action shall
be dismissed at any time if the court determines that it fails to state a claim for
which relief may be granted. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). However, the district
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court may not dismiss an IFP complaint pursuant to § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) without
allowing leave to amend when required by Fed. R. Civ. P. 15. Brown v. Johnson,
387 F.3d 1344, 1348-49 (11th Cir. 2004). Under Rule 15(a), a party may amend a
complaint once as a matter of course within either 21 days after serving it, or 21
days after service of a responsive pleading or a motion under Rule 12(b), (e), or (f),
whichever is earlier. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a).
To avoid dismissal, the complaint must state a claim for relief that is
plausible on its face. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Pro se
pleadings, however, are held to less stringent standards than those drafted by
lawyers and are liberally construed by this Court. Alba v. Montford, 517 F.3d
1249, 1252 (11th Cir. 2008).
The Eighth Amendment governs the conditions under which prisoners are
confined and the treatment they receive in prison. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S.
825, 832 (1994). Accordingly, it imposes duties on prison officials, who “must
ensure that inmates receive adequate food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.” Id.
To establish an Eighth Amendment violation, a prisoner must satisfy both an
objective and subjective inquiry regarding a prison official’s conduct. Chandler v.
Crosby, 379 F.3d 1278, 1289 (11th Cir. 2004). Under the objective component, a
prisoner must allege a condition that is sufficiently serious to violate the Eighth
Amendment. Id. The challenged condition must be extreme and must pose an
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unreasonable risk of serious damage to the prisoner’s future health or safety. Id.
The Eighth Amendment only guarantees that prisoners are provided with a
minimal civilized level of life’s basic necessities. Id. Restrictive or harsh
conditions alone do not rise to the level of an Eighth Amendment violation. Id.
Second, the prisoner must allege that the prison official, at a minimum, acted
with a state of mind that constituted deliberate indifference. Id. This means the
prisoner must show that the prison officials: (1) had subjective knowledge of a risk
of serious harm; (2) disregarded that risk; and (3) through conduct that is more
than mere negligence. Farrow v. West, 320 F.3d 1235, 1245 (11th Cir. 2003).
A prisoner is entitled to reasonably adequate food. See Hamm v. DeKalb
Cty., 774 F.2d 1567, 1575 (11th Cir. 1985). This requires only that he receives a
well-balanced meal with sufficient nutritional value to preserve health. Id. “The
fact that the food occasionally contains foreign objects or sometimes is served
cold, while unpleasant, does not amount to a constitutional deprivation.” Id.
For starters, the district court did not err in dismissing the instant complaint
for failure to state an Eighth Amendment claim. As for Oliver’s complaints about
the food, Oliver did not allege a condition sufficiently severe to establish an Eighth
Amendment objection. See Chandler, 379 F.3d at 1289. Oliver alleged that the
meat is “toxic,” contains soy and rodent meat, and has long-term medical
consequences for the inmates, including kidney stones, chronic acne, digestive
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problems, and lowered cognitive functioning. However, he did not say he
personally has suffered from any of these issues, or even that he personally knows
prisoners who have suffered from these issues. The only medical issue Oliver
personally alleged he has suffered based on his exposure to the soy-laden products
is H. pylori -- a bacteria in his stomach -- but he provided no details about the
severity of his H. pylori symptoms. Thus, Oliver did not adequately allege that he
was being deprived of constitutional rights based on poor nutrition. See Hamm,
774 F.3d at 1575.
Moreover, Oliver failed to allege facts showing that the prison officials acted
with deliberate indifference to any serious medical need. See Farrow, 320 F.3d at
1245. Oliver claimed the defendants knew the meats were toxic based on
complaints from sickened inmates and their families, but he did not allege any
facts to suggest that any of the inmates presented evidence to the prison officials
establishing that their illnesses stemmed from soy-based protein. Nor did he allege
that any governmental agency, such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, has determined that soy protein is not safe for
human consumption, much less that any of the prison officials were aware of any
determination like that.
In addition, Oliver’s complaints about the cleanliness of the dishes at the
prison do not state an Eighth Amendment claim. Oliver has not alleged that the
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dishes are not cleaned at all; he alleges only that they were not cleaned properly.
And his prison grievances state that grease remained on the dishes after they had
been washed. But this allegation is not sufficiently serious to show an Eighth
Amendment violation because spots left on washed dishes simply do not show that
Oliver has been deprived of a minimal civilized level of life’s basic necessities.
See Chandler, 379 F.3d at 1289. In short, the district court did not err in
dismissing Oliver’s complaint for failure to state an Eighth Amendment claim.
Nonetheless, the district court did err in dismissing Oliver’s complaint
without permitting him leave to amend. The record indicates that Oliver’s
complaint had not yet been served on any of the defendants, and none of the
defendants had filed any responsive pleadings. As a result, Oliver was still able to
amend his complaint as of right, and the district court could not dismiss his
complaint without permitting him to amend it. See Brown , 387 F.3d at 1348-49.
Oliver objected to the magistrate judge’s report and recommendation (“R&R”),
asserting, in part, that he should be allowed to amend his complaint to fix any
deficiency. The district court provided no reason about why Oliver could not
amend his complaint; rather, it summarily adopted the reasoning in the R&R.
Accordingly, we vacate and remand to the district court for proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
VACATED AND REMANDED.
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