J-S17044-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
ROBERT DOWELL, :
:
Appellant : No. 2672 EDA 2016
Appeal from the PCRA Order July 26, 2016
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division, No(s): CP-51-CR-0000471-2011;
CP-51-CR-0000473-2011
BEFORE: OLSON, STABILE and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED JUNE 01, 2017
Robert Dowell (“Dowell”) appeals, pro se, from the Order dismissing
his first Petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).1
We affirm.
On September 3, 2013, Dowell entered a negotiated guilty plea at CP-
51-CR-0000471-2011 (hereinafter “No. 471-2011”) to one count each of
murder of the third degree, conspiracy to commit murder, and violation of
the Uniform Firearms Act, as related to the murder of Ray Roman (“Ray”).2
On that same date, Dowell entered a negotiated guilty plea at CP-51-CR-
0000473-2011 (hereinafter “No. 473-2011”) to one count each of attempted
1
See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
2
See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502(c), 903, 6108.
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murder and conspiracy to commit murder, as related to Xavier Roman
(“Xavier”).3
At the guilty plea hearing, Dowell agreed to the prosecutor’s summary
of the facts underlying his convictions, which was based on Dowell’s
confession to the police following his arrest. See N.T., 9/3/13, at 10-21.
According to Dowell’s confession, he and Xavier had a falling out. Tensions
between them had escalated, resulting in Xavier shooting at Dowell and his
little sister. Dowell formulated a plan to “get at Xavier,” and enlisted Joshua
Raheem (“Raheem”) to “watch his back.” Thereafter, on September 22,
2010, Dowell and Raheem went to Xavier’s residence, and observed Xavier
exiting the residence. Upon seeing Dowell and Raheem, Xavier ran down his
steps and into a vehicle. Dowell, believing that Xavier was trying to grab
something inside the vehicle, fired shots into the vehicle. Xavier was shot in
the mouth, arm and leg. Unbeknownst to Dowell, Xavier’s brother, Ray, was
in the vehicle, and was shot multiple times in the chest. Ray died as a result
of his gunshot wounds.
The sentencing court sentenced Dowell, at No. 471-2011, to 20 to 40
years in prison for murder of the third degree, and to a consecutive term of
5 to 10 years in prison for conspiracy to commit murder. 4 At No. 473-2011,
the sentencing court sentenced Dowell to 10 to 20 years in prison for
3
See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 901(a), 903.
4
No sentence was imposed on the firearms conviction.
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attempted murder, and to a concurrent term of 10 to 20 years in prison for
conspiracy to commit murder.
Dowell did not file a post-sentence motion or a direct appeal. On
September 3, 2014, Dowell filed a timely pro se PCRA Petition. The PCRA
court appointed Dowell counsel, who filed a Motion to Withdraw as counsel,
along with a “no merit” letter pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner, 544
A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.
Super. 1988) (en banc). Thereafter, the PCRA court filed a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907
Notice of its intent to dismiss the Petition without a hearing. Dowell filed a
pro se Response to the Rule 907 Notice. On July 26, 2016, the PCRA court
entered an Order dismissing the Petition. Dowell filed a timely Notice of
Appeal.5
On appeal, Dowell raises the following issues for our review:
1. Whether the [PCRA c]ourt erred by [dismissing Dowell’s]
PCRA [P]etition alleging [that plea] counsel [was] ineffective
by not raising the claim that no pre-sentence investigation
report [(“PSI”)] was conducted before [Dowell] was
sentenced[?]
2. [Dowell] advised his counselor that he would take this matter
to trial, that way he could face his accuser (which is his
right), and counselor informed him not to go to trial.
3. [Dowell’s] negotiated plea agreement is excessive (25[]to[]50
y[ears]), for 3rd degree murder in which [Dowell] was never
convicted previously for a crime of such magnitude.
5
The PCRA court did not order Dowell to file a concise statement of matters
complained of on appeal, pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
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4. A violation of the Pennsylvania Constitution and the U.S.
Constitution “twice in jeopardy” for two (2) counts of
conspiracy in which appellant was sentence[d] consecutively
and aggregated as a whole.
Brief for Appellant at 4.6, 7
We review an order dismissing a petition under the PCRA
in the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the PCRA
level. This review is limited to the findings of the PCRA court
and the evidence of record. We will not disturb a PCRA court’s
ruling if it is supported by evidence of record and is free of legal
error. This Court may affirm a PCRA court’s decision on any
grounds if the record supports it. We grant great deference to
the factual findings of the PCRA court and will not disturb those
findings unless they have no support in the record. However, we
afford no such deference to its legal conclusions. Further, where
6
In his appellate brief, Dowell argues that his guilty plea was not entered
knowingly, intelligently or voluntarily, and claims that his counsel was
ineffective in this regard. See Brief for Appellant at 8. However, as Dowell
failed to identify this issue in his Statement of Questions Involved, we
cannot address it. See Pa.R.A.P. 2116 (providing that “[n]o question will be
considered unless it is stated in the statement of questions involved or is
fairly suggested thereby.”). Even if the issue had been properly presented,
we would have concluded that it lacks merit for the reasons expressed by
the PCRA court. See PCRA Court Opinion, 8/24/16, at 5-6 (wherein the
PCRA court noted that, following written and oral colloquies, Dowell had
entered his guilty pleas knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily, and that the
evidence of his guilt was overwhelming).
7
Pursuant to our Rules of Appellate Procedure, Dowell was required to
structure his appellate brief such that the argument section was “divided into
as many parts as there are questions to be argued; and shall have at the
head of each part--in distinctive type or in type distinctively displayed--the
particular point treated therein, followed by such discussion and citation of
authorities as are deemed pertinent.” Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). Dowell failed to
adhere to this requirement. Instead, Dowell provided only one heading, at
the beginning of his argument section, pertaining to his second issue. The
argument section of his brief contains no other headings, and consists of
three pages of serial paragraphs, setting forth largely unintelligible
statements.
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the petitioner raises questions of law, our standard of review is
de novo and our scope of review is plenary.
Commonwealth v. Ford, 44 A.3d 1190, 1194 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations
omitted).
In his first issue, Dowell contends that his plea counsel was ineffective
because the sentencing court was required to either order a PSI or conduct a
sufficient pre-sentence inquiry. Brief for Appellant at 9 (citing Pa.R.Crim.P.
702(A)(1) and (2)).
The Rules of Appellate Procedure state unequivocally that each
question an appellant raises is to be supported by discussion and analysis of
pertinent authority. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). Appellate arguments which are
not appropriately developed are waived. See Commonwealth v.
Murchinson, 899 A.2d 1159, 1160 (Pa. Super. 2006) (deeming appellant’s
claims waived under Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) because he did not develop
meaningful argument with specific references to relevant caselaw and to the
record to support his claims); see also Commonwealth v. Heilman, 867
A.2d 542, 546 (Pa. Super. 2005) (recognizing that failure to provide “such
discussion and citation of authorities as are deemed pertinent” may result in
waiver); Commonwealth v. Cornelius, 856 A.2d 62, 77 (Pa. Super. 2004)
(declining to review appellant’s claim where there was limited explanation
and development of the argument).
Although Dowell cites to boilerplate legal authority regarding his right
to effective assistance of counsel, he has failed to cite to any legal authority
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setting forth the applicable legal standard for establishing the ineffectiveness
of counsel. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a). Indeed, Dowell has not identified or
discussed any of the elements of an ineffectiveness claim, all of which he
must prove in order to overcome the presumption of counsel’s effectiveness.
See Commonwealth v. Johnson, 139 A.3d 1257, 1272 (Pa. 2016). As
such, we conclude that Dowell’s first issue is waived. See Murchinson,
supra.8
In his second issue, Dowell summarily contends that his plea counsel
was ineffective for advising Dowell “not to go to trial.” Brief for Appellant at
7.
Dowell has again failed to identify or discuss any of the elements of an
ineffectiveness claim, all of which he must prove in order to overcome the
8
Moreover, Dowell did not raise this issue in his pro se Petition; nor was it
raised in his counsel’s Turner/Finley “no merit” letter. Although Dowell, in
his Response to the PCRA court’s Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 Notice, raised an issue of
“the [j]udge not [p]roviding an [sic] ‘[c]ontemporaneous [w]ritten
[s]tatement’ for the impositioning [sic] of sentence,” Dowell did not raise an
ineffectiveness claim regarding plea counsel’s failure to object to the trial
court’s decision not to order a PSI. See Response, 7/7/16, at 1-4. Thus,
had we not deemed Dowell’s first issue waived based on inadequate
development, we would have deemed it waived based on his failure to raise
it before the PCRA court. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (providing that issues not
raised in the lower court are waived, and cannot be raised for the first time
on appeal): see also Commonwealth v. Blakeney, 108 A.3d 739, 767
(Pa. 2014) (stating that “[a]lthough the courts may liberally construe
materials filed by a pro se litigant, pro se status confers no special benefit
upon a litigant, and a court cannot be expected to become a litigant’s
counsel or find more in a written pro se submission than is fairly conveyed in
the pleading.”).
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presumption of counsel’s effectiveness. See Johnson, supra. As such, we
conclude that Dowell’s second issue is waived. See Murchinson, supra.9
In his third issue, Dowell contends that his sentence of 25 to 50 years
in prison, imposed pursuant to a negotiated plea agreement, is excessive.
Brief for Appellant at 9. Dowell asserts that “[t]he error truly, is the
ineffective assistance of counselor[, who] should have negotiated a
15[]to[]30[ year] sentence.” Id.
Dowell has again failed to identify or discuss any of the elements of an
ineffectiveness claim, all of which he must prove in order to overcome the
presumption of counsel’s effectiveness. See Johnson, supra. As such, we
conclude that Dowell’s third issue is waived. See Murchinson, supra.10
9
Dowell did not raise an ineffectiveness claim regarding plea counsel’s
recommendation that Dowell “not go to trial” before the PCRA court. Thus,
had we not deemed Dowell’s second issue waived based on inadequate
development, we would have deemed it waived based on his failure to raise
it before the PCRA court. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). Even if the issue had been
properly preserved, we would have concluded that it lacks merit based on
the PCRA court’s determination that the evidence of Dowell’s guilty was
overwhelming, he confessed to his crimes, and his codefendant was
prepared to testify against him if he had elected to go to trial on the criminal
charges brought against him. See PCRA Court Opinion, 8/24/16, at 6.
10
Dowell did not raise an ineffectiveness claim regarding plea counsel’s
failure to negotiate a 15 to 30 year sentence before the PCRA court. Thus,
had we not deemed Dowell’s third issue waived based on inadequate
development, we would have deemed it waived based on his failure to raise
it before the PCRA court. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).
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In his final issue, Dowell challenges the sentences imposed for his
conviction of two counts of criminal conspiracy. Brief for Appellant at 10.11
Dowell contends that “[a] violation of the Pennsylvania [C]onstitution and
the U.S. Constitution ‘twice in jeopardy’ was committed when [Dowell] was
sentence [sic] consecutively and aggregated the sentence as a whole.” Id.
Dowell concedes that, when two counts of conspiracy have different
objectives as their focus, the crimes do not merge for sentencing purposes.
Id. Dowell asserts that this is not the situation in the instant case, wherein
there were two victims, stemming from one criminal episode, with the same
criminal purpose. Id.
Although Dowell has framed his final issue as a constitutional violation
of his double jeopardy rights, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held that
a double jeopardy claim based on whether the defendant committed one
conspiracy or two conspiracies should be treated as a challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence. See Commonwealth v. Andrews, 768 A.2d
309, 313 (Pa. 2001) (wherein the court concluded that “resolution of the
double jeopardy issue is inextricably intertwined with the sufficiency of the
evidence.”). By entering his guilty pleas, Dowell waived all rights to
challenge the sufficiency of the evidence. See Commonwealth v.
Rounsley, 717 A.2d 537, 539 (Pa. Super. 1998) (holding that any issue
11
Dowell included a one-paragraph argument in support of his final issue in
the Conclusion section of his appellate brief.
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relating to sufficiency of the evidence is waived by entry of a guilty plea, and
is not subject to attack in a post-conviction proceeding). When Dowell
entered his negotiated guilty pleas, he conceded that the Commonwealth’s
evidence was sufficient to support his convictions. Accordingly, Dowell
cannot now try to revisit this issue under the PCRA. Id.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/1/2017
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Com. v. Dowell, R.
Combined Opinion