FILED
JUNE 13, 2017
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STA TE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
OLGA KOZUBENKO, )
) No. 34068-6-111
Appellant, )
)
V. )
)
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR & ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION
INDUSTRIES, )
)
Respondent. )
FEARING, C.J. - Olga Kozubenko appeals from the superior court's ruling that
she failed to show she suffered from a diagnosis labeled in the ICD-9 code 437.9 as a
result of a work injury. Based on substantial evidence supporting the trial court's ruling,
we affirm the superior court.
FACTS
On January 25, 2008, Olga Kozubenko sustained a work injury when a box of
bedding struck her head while in the course of employment at Spokane's Davenport
Hotel. As a result of her injury, Kozubenko suffered a cervical strain, concussion, and
thrombosis in her right mid transverse sinus extending through the sigmoid sinus.
Thrombosis is a blood clot. Kozubenko' s form of sinus thrombosis is considered a
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Olga Kozubenko v. Department ofLabor & Industries
"cerebrovascular disease." Appeal Board Record (AR) at 28-29. As a consequence of
her thrombosis, Kozubenko receives anticoagulation therapy and takes the blood thinner
Coumadin.
Olga Kozubenko applied for benefits with the Department of Labor and Industries
(DLI). DLI approved Kozubenko's claim to the extent she suffered from a cervical
strain, a concussion, and thrombosis. Kozubenko later claimed that her work injury
caused her to suffer a stroke that caused hemiplegia, partial or full paralysis on the left-
side of her body. DLI determined that Kozubenko's work injury did not cause either a
stroke or hemiplegia.
Like many medical providers and insurers, DLI employs International
Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify accepted conditions and to receive and
pay bills for covered care. WAC 296-20-01002; WAC 296-20-025(3)(c); WAC 296-20-
125(3)(e). The ICD nomenclature represents a numerical system of classifying diseases
and disorders often used for reimbursement in both private and public healthcare systems.
International Classification ofDiseases (!CD) Information Sheet, WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION, http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/factsheet/en/
[https://perma.cc/C7QA-CCQ2].
DLI initially classified Olga Kozubenko's thrombosis condition under ICD-9 code
325. This code number covers a "phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of intracranial venous
sinuses." Appeals Board Record Transcripts (ART) (Sept. 5, 2014) at 27. Kozubenko
questioned the use of ICD-9 code 325 in a series of e-mails to DLI and requested the
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code designation be corrected to ICD-9 code 437.6 and 437.9. ICD-9 code 437.6
embraces a "nonpyogenic thrombosis of intracranial venous sinus." ART (Sept. 5, 2014)
at 27. "Nonpyogen" means a thrombosis unrelated to an infection. ART (Sept. 5, 2014)
at 28. ICD-9 code 437.9 signifies an "unspecified cerebrovascular disease."
At the request of Olga Kozubenko, DLI corrected the ICD-9 code number from
325 to 437.6. DLI, however, did not accept the ICD-9 code label of 437.9 because its
Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals previously determined Kozubenko did not suffer a
stroke as a proximate cause of her injury. DLI notified Kozubenko of its decision in a
letter dated June 18, 2013.
Olga Kozubenko appealed the denial order to the Board of Industrial Insurance
Appeals. From December 17, 2013 through December 15, 2014, the Board of Industrial
Insurance Appeals administrative law judge conducted conferences and hearings on
Kozubenko's appeal. The judge entertained testimony from DLI claims manager Heidi
Jeg, DLI claims unit supervisor Cherell Fisher, and DLI occupational nurse consultant
Monica Howell.
Before the administrative law judge, Olga Kozubenko testified that her
neurologist, Dr. Michael Olek, designated the ICD-9 codes for her conditions.
Nonetheless, she did not identify Olek as a witness because he no longer worked or lived
in her hometown of Spokane. Kozubenko declared that she wanted the ICD-9 code 437.9
added to her claim to receive complete treatment for her medical issues and coverage for
medications other than Coumadin. She asserted that ICD-9 code 437.9 addresses the
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damage and disturbance in the circulation of her brain. Kozubenko testified that
Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner (ARNP) Tatiana Ponomarenko's supervisor at
the Rockwood Clinic informed her of this definition. Ponomarenko delivers
anticoagulation therapy to patients. Ponomarenko's supervisor, an unidentified
physician, substitutes for Ponomarenko on occasion. Kozubenko did not call
Ponomarenko's supervisor as a witness. DLI's Heidi Jeg and Cherell Fisher testified that
the DLI denied Olga Kozubenko an ICD-9 code designation of 437.9 because no medical
opinion determined that Kozubenko suffered a stroke resulting from her industrial injury.
Both witnesses understood "unspecified cerebrovascular disease" to mean stroke. ART
(Sept. 5, 2014) at 39, 48. DLI witness Monica Howell confirmed that she advised Jeg to
change the ICD-9 code label from 325 to 437.6, but she did not recall any advice
regarding an ICD-9 code 437.9 designation.
The Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals administrative law judge also
considered testimony from Olga Kozubenko's treating providers, Dr. William Sayers and
ARNP Tatiana Ponomarenko.- Kozubenko offered Sayers and Ponomarenko as medical
experts to support her contention that ICD-9 code 437.9 is an appropriate code number
for her thrombosis treatment. The testimony of these providers looms key to this appeal.
Dr. William Sayers, Olga Kozubenko's family physician, confirmed that ICD-9
code 437.6, nonpyogenic thrombosis of intracranial venous sinus, correctly represented
Kozubenko' s thrombosis condition. Sayers also agreed that Kozubenko did not suffer a
stroke or hemiplegia resulting from her work injury. Sayers testified that an ICD-9 437.9
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label did not fit Kozubenko's claim. Sayers clarified that 437.9 is an "umbrella heading"
for cerebrovascular diseases, but Kozubenko has a specific diagnosis and ICD-9 code
437.6 describes that condition. ART (Sept. 5, 2014) at 34. While he conceded no
expertise in ICD-9 coding, he explained that care providers code to the highest level of
specificity.
ARNP Tatiana Ponomarenko performed anticoagulation therapy for Olga
Kozubenko for her thrombosis since her work injury. Ponomarenko agreed that
Kozubenko's injury caused thrombosis in her right mid transverse sinus extending
through the sigmoid sinus as coded under ICD-9 code 437.6 number. She, however,
qualified her testimony by stating a neurologist diagnosed Kozubenko with thrombosis
and she performed the anticoagulation treatment according to the neurologist's diagnosis.
Tatiana Ponomarenko testified that she could not opine whether Olga Kozubenko
suffered from an "unspecified cerebrovascular disease" under the ICD-9 code 437.9. She
stated that thrombosis is a cerebrovascular disease, but that a diagnosis of
"cerebrovascular disease" merely describes any disease of the cerebrovascular system. In
a chart note dated October 4, 2012, Ponomarenko listed three diagnoses: (1) nonpyogenic
thrombosis intracranial venous sinus (ICD-9 code 437.6), (2) anticoagulation Rx (ICD-9
code V58.61), and (3) cerebrovascular disease (ICD-9 code 437.9). Ponomarenko
expfained that she added cerebrovascular disease (ICD-9 code 437.9) because Kozubenko
expressed nonspecific neurological symptoms at her patient visit. Ponomarenko
customarily documents any patient complaints not pertinent to her anticoagulation
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Olga Kozubenko v. Department ofLabor & Industries
treatment. Ponomarenko instructed Kozubenko to see a neurologist to address her
neurological symptoms.
In December 2014, Olga Kozubenko claimed that ARNP Tatiana Ponomarenko
received pressure from her employer, Rockwood Clinic, to testify a certain way. As a
result, the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals administrative law judge permitted
Kozubenko to recall Ponomarenko to testify. Ponomarenko testified that she spoke with
Rockwood Clinic's risk manager after her first testimony and the risk manager instructed
Ponomarenko to read from her records and tell the truth. Ponomarenko also spoke to
Rockwood Clinic's coding department who verified the accuracy of Ponomarenko's
assessments and diagnoses. Ponomarenko did not indicate that Rockwood Clinic
pressured her to testify in a certain manner. Similar to her previous testimony,
Ponomarenko maintained an inability and unwillingness to opine on whether Kozubenko
suffered from an "unspecified cerebrovascular disease" resulting from her work injury.
The Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals administrative law judge took judicial
notice of ICD-9 code sections. The judge noted that ICD-9 code 434.91 and its
subcategories classify strokes; ICD-9 code 325 for "inflammatory diseases of the central
nervous system"; and ICD-9 codes 390 through 459 for diseases of the circulatory
system. ART (July 29, 2014) at 10.
The Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals administrative law judge issued a
proposed decision and order on March 3, 2015, which affirmed DLI's denial oflCD-9
code 437.9. The judge found that Olga Kozubenko did not present any medical
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Olga Kozubenko v. Department ofLabor & Industries
testimony to establish that she suffered from a condition under the ICD-9 code 437.9
nomenclature. The judge further found that medical testimony reinforced DLI's
classification ofKozubenko's thrombosis condition under ICD-9 code 437.6.
Accordingly, the judge concluded that Kozubenko failed to establish a prima facie case of
unspecified cerebrovascular disease under ICD-9 code 437.9 proximately caused by her
industrial injury.
Olga Kozubenko filed a petition for review to the Board of Industrial Insurance
Appeals on March 13, 2015. The board denied Kozubenko's petition and accepted the
administrative law judge's proposed decision and order as the final order.
PROCEDURE
Olga Kozubenko appealed the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals' decision to
the superior court. After reviewing the record, the superior court issued a memorandum
opinion that concluded that the medical testimony did not support Kozubenko's claim
and she failed to make a prima facie case. The trial court entered a judgment and order
affirming the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals. Kozubenko now appeals to this
reviewing court.
LAW AND ANALYSIS
Olga Kozubenko assigns error to the superior court's confirmation of the Board of
Industrial Insurance Appeals' denial of an ICD-9 code 43 7 .9 label of "unspecified
cerebrovascular disease." Because substantial evidence supports the board's decision, we
affirm the superior court.
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Olga Kozubenko v. Department of Labor & Industries
The Industrial Insurance Act, Title 51 RCW was intended to provide relief "for
workers, injured in their work, and their families and dependents ... regardless of
questions of fault and to the exclusion of every other remedy." RCW 51.04.010; Dennis
v. Department ofLabor & Industries, 109 Wn.2d 467,470, 745 P.2d 1295 (1987). To
serve this goal, the act should be liberally construed, with all doubts resolved in favor of
the worker. Dennis v. Department ofLabor & Industries, 109 Wn.2d at 470; Department
of Labor & Industries v. Estate of MacMillan, 117 Wn.2d 222, 232, 814 P .2d 194 ( 1991 );
Intalco Aluminum, Corp. v. Department of Labor & Industries, 66 Wn. App. 644, 654,
833 P.2d 390 (1992).
The superior court reviews the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals' decision de
novo, based solely on the Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals record. RCW 51.52.115.
In the superior court, Olga Kozubenko had the burden of proving the Board of Industrial
Insurance Appeals' findings and decision were not prima facie correct. Potter v.
Department ofLabor & Industries, 172 Wn. App. 301,310,289 P.3d 727 (2012).
An appeal to the Court of Appeals lies from the judgment of the superior court as
in other civil cases. RCW 51.52.140. In reviewing the superior court's decision, the
Court of Appeals determines whether substantial evidence supports the trial court's
findings and whether those findings support the conclusions of law. Tomlinson v. Puget
Sound Freight Lines, Inc., 166 Wn.2d 105, 109, 206 P.3d 657 (2009); Eastwood v.
Department ofLabor & Industries, 152 Wn. App. 652,657,219 P.3d 711 (2009).
Substantial evidence exists if a sufficient quantity of evidence in the record would
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Olga Kozubenko v. Department of Labor & Industries
persuade a fair-minded, rational person of the truth of the stated premise. Eastwood v.
Department of Labor & Industries, 152 Wn. App. at 657.
Substantial evidence supports the trial court's finding that Olga Kozubenko did
not suffer from a condition of unspecified cerebrovascular disease covered under ICD-9
code 437.9. Kozubenko offered medical testimony from Dr. William Sayers and ARNP
Tatiana Ponomarenko, but neither testified that she sustained an "unspecified
cerebrov.ascular disease" caused by her injury that warranted an ICD-9 code 437.9.
Sayers and Ponomarenko testified that Kozubenko's thrombosis condition is a
cerebrovascular disease. Nonetheless, each testified that ICD-9 code 437.6 was the
appropriate code for Kozubenko' s thrombosis condition.
Dr. William Sayers testified that ICD-9 code 437.6 was the correct code because it
specifically addressed Kozubenko's thrombosis condition. He explained that ICD-9 code
437.9 was not appropriate because this code functions as an umbrella diagnosis when no
other code section accurately describes a patient's condition. Dr. Sayers further testified
that Kozubenko did not suffer a stroke or hemiplegia resulting from her work injury.
Likewise, Tatiana Ponomarenko agreed with Dr. Sayers that ICD-9 437.6 is an exact
description ofKozubenko's condition, while code 437.9 is a general code description
when a patient's condition does not fit under a specific code description.
Olga Kozubenko contends that Tatiana Ponomarenko supported her ICD-9 code
437.9 diagnosis. This reliance is misplaced. One of Ponomarenko's chart notes
identified cerebrovascular disease as a diagnosis. Nevertheless, Ponomarenko explained
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that her notation memorialized Kozubenko' s complaints of nonspecific neurological
symptoms. This documentation did not mean that Ponomarenko diagnosed Kozubenko
with a cerebrovascular disease, ICD-9 code 437.9, in addition to her thrombosis
condition, ICD-9 code 437.6. To the contrary, Ponomarenko told Kozubenko to see a
neurologist to diagnose her neurological symptoms.
CONCLUSION
We affirm the superior court's decision that upheld the decision of the Board of
Industrial Insurance Appeals.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
2.06.040.
~ ~~
Fearin~'
WE CONCUR:
Pennell, J.
10