06/30/2017
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs March 14, 2017
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. BRIAN GARWOOD
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Grundy County
No. 5324 Thomas W. Graham, Judge
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No. M2016-01653-CCA-R3-CD
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The Appellant, Brian Garwood, pled guilty in the Grundy County Circuit Court to three
counts of forgery and received a total effective sentence of six years in the Tennessee
Department of Correction. On appeal, the Appellant challenges the trial court’s denial of
alternative sentencing, specifically drug court. Upon review, we affirm the judgments of
the trial court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Circuit Court Affirmed
NORMA MCGEE OGLE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT W.
WEDEMEYER and CAMILLE R. MCMULLEN, JJ., joined.
B. Jeffery Harmon (on appeal) and Robert G. Morgan (at trial and on appeal), Jasper,
Tennessee, for the Appellant, Brian Garwood.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; M. Todd Ridley, Assistant
Attorney General; J. Michael Taylor, District Attorney General; and David Shinn,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Factual Background
The Appellant was indicted on five counts of forgery, five counts of passing a
forged instrument, one count of theft of property valued between $1,000 and $10,000,
and one count of theft of property valued under $500. On April 11, 2016, the Appellant
entered a guilty plea to three counts of forgery, a Class E felony, and the remaining
charges were dismissed. At the guilty plea hearing, the State recited the following factual
basis for the pleas:
[T]he primary witness[es] in this case would be Marvin and
Jacqueline Lawley, [and] also representatives from the
Citizens Tri-County Bank. The Lawleys would testify that in
the summer of 2014, they gave the [Appellant] some work to
do around their home. They knew that he’d had some
problems and they were trying to help him out. They knew
the [Appellant’s] brother and they basically kind of, out of
some charity, gave him some work, employment, tried to help
him out. They would testify that in August of 2014, they
found that a checkbook had been taken from their home,
along with several other items. They were notified by
Citizens Tri-County Bank that the [Appellant] had passed five
checks signing their name, and the checks were written out
payable to the [Appellant] in amounts of between 400 and
500 some odd dollars. They would testify that they did not
give the [Appellant] permission to take the checks or any of
their other property. They also did not give the [Appellant]
permission to sign their name to the checks or pass the
checks. . . .
The Appellant pled guilty as a Range II, multiple offender and was sentenced
pursuant to a plea agreement to two years for each conviction, with the sentences to be
served consecutively to each other. The plea agreement provided that the Appellant
would acknowledge he violated his probationary sentence for a Bledsoe County
aggravated burglary conviction and that the effective six-year sentence would be served
consecutively to the four-year aggravated burglary sentence. Finally, the plea agreement
provided that the trial court would determine the manner of service of the sentences.
At the sentencing hearing, defense counsel stated that the Appellant had been
“evaluated for drug court” and that he would be accepted. The trial court observed that
according to the presentence report, the Appellant had prior convictions of aggravated
burglary; burglary; theft of property more than $500 but less than $1,000; felony escape;
and possession of schedule II drugs. The presentence report also reflected that the
Appellant had been granted probation previously and that his probationary sentences had
been revoked on four occasions. Additionally, the report reflected that the Appellant
committed the instant offenses while on bond for the Bledsoe County case.
The trial court noted Mrs. Lawley’s statement in the presentence report that she
had trusted the Appellant, that he “had been an honest worker before he got on drugs,”
and that he had “betrayed” her. The court found that the Appellant had breached a
private trust by stealing from Mr. and Mrs. Lawley. The trial court noted that the
Appellant’s criminal record indicated he “was a professional criminal, because he’s been
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involved in thefts almost his whole life.” The trial court said, “It’s just not a good
record.” The trial court noted the Appellant’s four prior probation revocations and found
that he likely would reoffend. The court also noted that the Appellant had failed to pay
child support. The court stated, “I don’t see how you could take somebody with this
record and just put them back immediately on probation, so I’m not going to do that.”
The trial court found that the Appellant should be sentenced to confinement.
The trial court asked defense counsel if the Appellant was arguing that he was
eligible for consideration for drug court, and defense counsel responded that the
Appellant “didn’t have any disqualifying factors involved in his history and he was
evaluated.” The court observed that the Appellant did not have many drug-related
offenses in his criminal history.
The Appellant testified that he had two daughters and two sons. His one-year-old
son and his three-year-old son lived with him. The Appellant acknowledged that his
criminal history was “not a good one.” He said that he had used methamphetamines
since he was thirteen years old and that he had also used marijuana and taken pills. He
said that he had “never slowed down long enough” to try drug rehabilitation but that he
“owe[d] it to [him]self and [his] children to give it a try.” The Appellant said that he
stopped using drugs in January 2016, that he could pass a drug screen, and that he
“finally [had] a clear head.”
The Appellant said that he had apologized to the victims. He said, “You know, it
really hurt me, because I really loved them people.” The Appellant acknowledged that
most of his criminal history consisted of burglaries and thefts and explained that he stole
in order to support his $300-per-day drug habit. He also earned money by selling drugs
and “[p]icking up scrap metal wherever [he] could find it.” The Appellant said that he
was the sole support for his sons because his fiancée was paid minimum wage and could
not support them. The Appellant maintained that he was never asked to submit to a drug
test during any of his probationary sentences. The Appellant said that he had spoken with
someone from drug court in Franklin County and that they had “approve[d him] to come
there.”
On cross-examination, the Appellant acknowledged that he was never on
probation long enough to be drug tested and that the last time he was on probation, he
failed to report to his probation officer. The Appellant also acknowledged that each of
his probationary sentences were revoked.
The Appellant said that he had a $200- or $300-per-day drug habit for fifteen or
twenty years. The Appellant initially maintained that he had committed one or two
burglaries for which he was never charged; however, he later acknowledged that he had
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committed five or ten uncharged burglaries. The Appellant said that he also supported
his drug habit by borrowing or stealing money from family members.
The Appellant said that he was released from the Grundy County Jail because his
“kidneys shut down.” Thereafter, he failed to report to court for eight or nine months.
The Appellant acknowledged that he owed $16,000 or $17,000 in back child support for
his minor daughters. He said that he made $700 per week selling scrap metal, some of
which was stolen from “vacant fields and stuff.”
The Appellant said that while he was incarcerated, his sons lived with their
mother. He said that before his incarceration, he supported his sons.
The Appellant acknowledged that he had been on probation three or four times.
He said that he had been in jail ten to twelve times and that while incarcerated, he used
drugs he obtained from other inmates. The Appellant said that he had “made up [his]
mind” to stop using drugs so his sons would “look up to” him. He acknowledged that he
did not have the same relationship with his daughters, explaining, “Their mamas run off
with them. Their mamas are needle junkies. They took them from me. I’ve not seen my
daughters in so long.” The Appellant said that he was not a “needle junkie” and that he
“just smoke[d] and snort[ed].”
After the Appellant testified, the trial court said:
I don’t think there’s much basis at this point to waste a drug
treatment bed over there. I mean, he’s going to be behind
bars long enough that he will not have an addiction when he
leaves. Of course, if he’s not going to try he’ll just get back
in trouble again, but at any rate, I don’t believe this is a good
candidate for drug treatment, so I deny that. . . .
On appeal, the Appellant challenges the trial court’s denial of alternative
sentencing, specifically drug court.
II. Analysis
This court will review the length, range, or manner of service of a sentence
imposed by the trial court under an abuse of discretion standard with a presumption of
reasonableness. State v. Bise, 380 S.W.3d 682, 708 (Tenn. 2012); see also State v.
Pollard, 432 S.W.3d 851, 859 (Tenn. 2013) (applying the standard to consecutive
sentencing); State v. Caudle, 388 S.W.3d 273, 278-79 (Tenn. 2012) (applying the
standard to alternative sentencing). In conducting its review, this court considers the
following factors: (1) the evidence, if any, received at the trial and the sentencing
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hearing; (2) the presentence report; (3) the principles of sentencing and arguments as to
sentencing alternatives; (4) the nature and characteristics of the criminal conduct
involved; (5) evidence and information offered by the parties on enhancement and
mitigating factors; (6) any statistical information provided by the administrative office of
the courts as to sentencing practices for similar offenses in Tennessee; (7) any statement
by the appellant in his own behalf; and (8) the potential for rehabilitation or treatment.
See Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 40-35-102, -103, -210; see also Bise, 380 S.W.3d at 697-98.
The burden is on the Appellant to demonstrate the impropriety of his sentences. See
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401, Sentencing Comm’n Cmts.
An offender is eligible for alternative sentencing if the sentence actually imposed
is ten years or less. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-303(a). The Appellant’s sentences
meet this requirement. However, the Appellant, as a Range II, multiple offender, is not
considered to be a favorable candidate for alternative sentencing. See Tenn. Code Ann. §
40-35-102(6).
Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-103(1) sets forth the following
sentencing considerations which are utilized in determining the appropriateness of
alternative sentencing:
(A) Confinement is necessary to protect society by restraining
a defendant who has a long history of criminal conduct;
(B) Confinement is necessary to avoid depreciating the
seriousness of the offense or confinement is particularly
suited to provide an effective deterrence to others likely to
commit similar offenses; or
(C) Measures less restrictive than confinement have
frequently or recently been applied unsuccessfully to the
defendant.
State v. Zeolia, 928 S.W.2d 457, 461 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996). Additionally, a court
should consider the defendant’s potential or lack of potential for rehabilitation when
determining if an alternative sentence would be appropriate. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-
35-103(5).
The Appellant contends the record demonstrates that he qualified for drug court,
that he had been “evaluated and approved” by the drug court, and that the evidence at the
hearing reflected he wanted treatment for his methamphetamine addiction. The
Appellant maintains that the trial court acknowledged the Appellant’s addiction and
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abused its discretion by denying his request for placement in drug court. The State
responds that the trial court did not abuse its discretion. We agree with the State.
Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-102(6)(C) provides that “[i]f a
defendant with at least three (3) felony convictions is otherwise eligible, that defendant
may still be considered a favorable candidate for any alternative sentencing that is within
the jurisdiction of and deemed appropriate by a drug court.” Tennessee Code Annotated
section 16-22-113 provides:
Each participant in a drug court treatment program shall:
(1) Not be a violent offender as defined in § 16-22-103;
(2) Be substance abusing or chemically dependent, or both;
and
(3) Be willing to participate in a treatment program.
Nevertheless, an offender has no right to be placed in drug court. See Tenn. Code Ann. §
16-22-111.
The trial court found that considering the Appellant’s criminal history,
commission of an offense while on bond, previous failures to comply with the terms of
release, and breach of a private trust, he was not a good candidate for drug treatment. We
conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying Appellant’s request.
III. Conclusion
Finding no error, we affirm the judgments of the trial court.
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NORMA MCGEE OGLE, JUDGE
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