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Appellate Court Date: 2017.07.24
12:17:03 -05'00'
Haag v. Board of Education of Streator Elementary School District 44,
2017 IL App (3d) 150643
Appellate Court JOHN C. HAAG, DANIEL HARBACK, GREG MATAS, DAVID
Caption PETERSON, LAURIE BRAHAM, MICHAEL BREYNE, JOHN
HENKEL, ELDON JENKINS, PATRICIA BIROS, MARY RUTH
CLAYTON, BRENDA CONNOR, LAURA CONNESS, CINDY
DUTKO, MICHELLE GAYON, SUE ELLEN HENSON, KATHY
KMETZ, PAMELA LUCKEY, KATHLEEN MAGANA, TAMARA
MUSHRO, TAMELA PANNO, PAMELA PODKANOWICZ,
DIANA POMERANKE, REBECCA SAMEK, PATTI THORP,
DEBRA WISSEN, DEBRA WOODWARD, MARY JANE LEE,
DEBBIE SCOTT, and JOLYNN HAAGE, Formerly Known as
JOLYNN PEACOCK, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. THE BOARD OF
EDUCATION OF STREATOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
DISTRICT 44, Defendant-Appellee.
District & No. Third District
Docket No. 3-15-0643
Filed May 9, 2017
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of La Salle County, No. 14-MR-32; the
Review Hon. Joseph P. Hettel, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Affirmed.
Counsel on Ralph H. Loewenstein, of Loewenstein & Smith, PC, of Springfield,
Appeal for appellants.
Todd K. Hayden, of Robbins Schwartz Nicholas Lifton & Taylor,
Ltd., of Bollingbrook, for appellee.
Panel PRESIDING JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE delivered the judgment of the
court, with opinion.
Justices Lytton and O’Brien concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 The plaintiffs, educational support personnel (ESP) employed by the Board of Education
of Streator Elementary School District 44 (Board), brought a declaratory judgment action
against the Board, seeking reinstatement to full-time positions along with corresponding
payment of back-pay and benefits. The plaintiffs maintained that the Board’s action in
issuing each plaintiff an honorable discharge from full-time employment and offering to
re-hire each as a part-time employee violated their rights under section 10-23.5 of the School
Code (Code). 105 ILCS 5/10-23.5 (West 2012). Following cross-motions for summary
judgment, the circuit court of La Salle County granted the Board’s motion for summary
judgment and denied the plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment. The plaintiffs appealed.
¶2 BACKGROUND
¶3 The following facts are taken from the stipulations by the parties. The Streator
Elementary School District operated under deficit reduction plans since 2008. The District
was placed on the Illinois State Board of Education’s (ISBE) financial watch list in 2012.
Prior to that time, the District had been on the ISBE’s financial warning list since 2009. At
the conclusion of the 2012-13 school year, the plaintiffs were employed by the District as
full-time custodians, special education aids, or behavior interventionists. The custodians’
full-time employment was 40 hours per week and the other plaintiff’s full-time employment
was 37.5 hours per week.
¶4 On January 15, 2013, the Board held a regularly scheduled meeting at which the
superintendent recommended the adoption of a deficit reduction plan that called for reducing
all full-time ESPs to part-time employees with no more than 29 hours of employment per
week. The Board subsequently adopted the superintendent’s recommendation as part of an
overall deficit reduction plan.
¶5 On February 25, 2013, the union representing the plaintiffs submitted a request to bargain
over the impact of the Board’s deficit reduction plan, including the decision to reduce the
hours of any full-time employees. The union and the Board engaged in bargaining during the
period from March 4, 2013, through July 2, 2013. The subject of the reduction of the
plaintiffs’ positions from full-time to part-time was a topic of discussion throughout the
impact bargaining, with the union maintaining that the Board should not make the reductions
and the Board maintaining that the move was a matter of economic necessity.
¶6 On March 19, 2013, the Board voted to reduce custodians to part-time, effective June 30,
2013, and to honorably dismiss three of the special education aids. On April 30, 2013, the
Board voted to reduce the remaining special education aids to part-time, effective June 30,
2013. Notices of honorable dismissal were sent to those employees. On May 21, 2013, the
remaining special education aids not previously notified were issued honorable dismissals.
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¶7 As part of the 2012-13 budget deficit plan, the Board closed one of its schools, Oakland
Park School, in June 2013, at the end of the 2012-13 school year.
¶8 On July 13, 2013, the Board implemented the deficit reduction plan, eliminated the
plaintiffs’ full-time positions, issued each plaintiff an honorable discharge, and advertised
part-time positions to perform the job duties formerly performed by the plaintiffs. It appears
from the stipulated record that all the impacted employees were offered employment in
part-time positions.
¶9 The plaintiffs filed a petition, seeking a declaration by the circuit court that the Board
violated section 10-23.5 of the Code (105 ILCS 5/10-23.5 (West 2012)) by attempting to
“recall” the plaintiffs into part-time rather than full-time positions. The parties filed
cross-motions for summary judgment. The court granted the defendant’s motion, denied the
plaintiffs’ motion, and entered judgment for the defendants. The plaintiffs filed this appeal.
¶ 10 ANALYSIS
¶ 11 Summary judgment is properly granted when the pleadings, depositions, and affidavits
show that no genuine issue of material fact exists and the movant is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. 735 ILCS 5/2-1005(c) (West 2012); Outboard Marine Corp. v. Liberty Mutual
Insurance Co., 154 Ill. 2d 90, 102 (1990). When parties file cross-motions for summary
judgment, they agree that only a question of law is involved and invite the court to decide the
issues based upon the stipulated record. Pielet v. Pielet, 2012 IL 112064, ¶ 28. Where a case
is decided on summary judgment, our review is de novo. Schultz v. Illinois Farmers
Insurance Co., 237 Ill. 2d 391, 399-400 (2010). De novo review is also appropriate where, as
here, a case must be decided based on the construction of a relevant statute, which presents a
question of law. Pielet, 2012 IL 112064, ¶ 30.
¶ 12 At issue in the instant matter is section 10-23.5 of the Code, which provides:
“If an educational support personnel employee is removed or dismissed or the hours
he or she works are reduced as a result of a decision of the school board (i) to
decrease the number of educational support personnel employees employed by the
board or (ii) to discontinue some particular type of educational support service,
written notice shall be mailed to the employee and also given to the employee either
by certified mail, return receipt requested, or personal delivery with receipt, at least
30 days before the employee is removed or dismissed or the hours he or she works are
reduced, together with a statement of honorable dismissal and the reason therefor if
applicable. However, if a reduction in hours is due to an unforeseen reduction in the
student population, then the written notice must be mailed and given to the employee
at least 5 days before the hours are reduced. The employee with the shorter length of
continuing service with the district, within the respective category of position, shall
be dismissed first unless an alternative method of determining the sequence of
dismissal is established in a collective bargaining agreement or contract between the
board and any exclusive bargaining agent and except that this provision shall not
impair the operation of any affirmative action program in the district, regardless of
whether it exists by operation of law or is conducted on a voluntary basis by the
board. If the board has any vacancies for the following school term or within one
calendar year from the beginning of the following school term, the positions thereby
becoming available within a specific category of position shall be tendered to the
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employees so removed or dismissed from that category or any other category of
position, so far as they are qualified to hold such positions.” 105 ILCS 5/10-23.5
(West 2012).
¶ 13 The plaintiffs argue that the Board violated section 10-23.5 of the Code in two ways: (1)
by using an impermissible reason for reducing their hours of employment and (2) by not
recalling them to full-time positions, instead hiring additional part-time employees so as to
obviate the need for the recalling of full-time employees. Our resolution of these issues
requires us to interpret the relevant statute in a manner that will effectuate the intent of the
legislature, and the best evidence of legislative intent will be in the words of the statute itself.
Land v. Board of Education of the City of Chicago, 202 Ill. 2d 414, 421 (2002); Cook v. Board
of Education of Eldorado Community Unit School District No. 4, 354 Ill. App. 3d 256, 260
(2004). We will address each of the plaintiffs’ two arguments in turn.
¶ 14 The plaintiffs first maintain that section 10-23.5 of the Code prohibits any reduction of
their hours unless the purpose of the reduction is “to decrease the number [of] educational
support personnel employed” by the Board or “to discontinue some particular type of
educational support service.” Here, they maintain that the Board’s actions did not decrease
the total number of educational support personnel employed by the Board, since the total
number of employees actually increased after the hiring of additional part-time employees,
nor did it discontinue any particular type of educational support service, since all of the
educational support positions occupied by the plaintiffs continued to exist after the Board
action at issue.
¶ 15 The plaintiffs argue that section 10-23.5 expresses a clear and unambiguous intent of the
legislature to prohibit a school district from reducing the hours of educational support
personnel unless the reduction of hours is to accomplish one of the two purposes stated in
that section. The Board reads the same statutory provision as expressing a clear and
unambiguous legislative intent to require notice and recall rights pursuant to section 10-23.5
only if the reduction of hours is for one of the two purposes stated in that section.
¶ 16 We first address the issue of whether the relevant section of the Code is ambiguous.
When the plain language of a statute is clear and unambiguous, the legislative intent that is
discernible from that language must prevail, and no resort to other tools of statutory
construction is necessary. Paris v. Feder, 179 Ill. 2d 173, 177 (1997). “A statute is
ambiguous if it is susceptible to two reasonable and conflicting interpretations.” Land, 202
Ill. 2d at 426. “Only if the statutory language is ambiguous may we consider extrinsic aids
for construction, such as legislative history, to determine legislative intent.” Id. Further,
where the language of the statute is unambiguous, a court must give it effect without reading
into it exceptions, limitations, or conditions that are not expressly stated in the statute. Id. at
426-27; Davis v. Toshiba Machine Co., America, 186 Ill. 2d 181, 184-85 (1999). Moreover, it
is a fundamental principle of statutory construction that we view all the provisions of a
statute as a whole and that no single provision be viewed in isolation so as to create the
appearance of an ambiguity. Michigan Avenue National Bank v. County of Cook, 191 Ill. 2d
493, 504 (2000).
¶ 17 The plaintiffs maintain that section 10-23.5 of the Code unambiguously limits a school
board’s ability to terminate employment or reduce the hours of ESPs to only the two
situations expressly mentioned in the statute. We find no clear legislative intent articulated in
that section of the Code. While we recognize the maxim of statutory construction, expression
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unius est exclusion alterius (the expression of one thing excludes any other thing), we also
note its limitation. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. v. Aldridge, 179 Ill. 2d 141, 153-55 (1997).
The maxim is applied only when it appears to point to the intent of the legislature, not to
defeat an otherwise strong indication of legislative intent. Id. In other words, the maxim may
be employed to resolve an ambiguity, not to create one. See Sulser v. Country Mutual
Insurance Co., 147 Ill. 2d 548, 555 (1992).
¶ 18 In the present case, we hold that language of section 10-23.5 cannot be read in isolation
as suggested by the plaintiffs. We note that ESPs are considered to be “at-will” employees
who have far less expectation of continued employment than teachers subject to the Code’s
tenure protection provisions. Spear v. Board of Education of North Shore School District No.
112, 291 Ill. App. 3d 117, 120 (1997); Buckellew v. Board of Education of Georgetown-Ridge
Farm Community Unit School District No. 4, 215 Ill. App. 3d 506, 510 (1991); Kepper v.
School Directors of District No. 120, 26 Ill. App. 3d 372, 375 (1977). The plaintiffs’ reading
of section 10-23.5 would put ESPs on an equal footing with certified teachers when it comes
to expectations of continued employment and protections from employment termination or
reduction of hours. This concept has been specifically rejected by our courts. Spear, 291 Ill.
App. 3d at 120 (“Teachers subject to tenure, a status known as ‘contractual continued
service,’ are in a readily distinguishable class of school employees and are provided special
statutory procedural safeguards *** which we believe do not apply to [ESPs].”); Buckellew,
215 Ill. App. 3d at 512 (contractual continued service protections do not apply to those
employees covered by section 10-23.5 of the Code). Relevant case law clearly establishes a
legislative intent under the Code to distinguish between certified teachers and ESPs and to
provide greater protections from lay-offs or reduction of hours to teachers. The plaintiffs’
position is contrary to that precedent.
¶ 19 The plaintiffs next argue that the Board violated section 10-23.5 of the Code by not
recalling them to full-time positions and instead hiring additional part-time employees so as
to obviate the need for the recalling of full-time employees. We disagree. The statutory recall
rights provided to ESPs under section 10-23.5 are limited to employees “removed or
dismissed” from a specific category of position and requires a school district to recall
effected employees to “that category or any other category of position, so far as they are
qualified to hold such positions.” 105 ILCS 5/10-23.5 (West 2012). The plaintiffs’ argument,
therefore, fails in two regards. First, recall rights under section 10-23.5 of the Code are
triggered when employees are “removed or dismissed,” not when their hours of employment
have been reduced. See Buckellew, 215 Ill. App. 3d at 509. Second, the plaintiffs point to no
authority, either in the School Code or elsewhere, to support their proposition that a school
board cannot reduce the hours of employment of employees other than certified teachers. See
Piquard v. Board of Education of Pekin Community High School District No. 303, 242 Ill.
App. 3d 477, 484 (1993). Absent such express statutory authority, we are not convinced that
the Board in the instant matter is precluded from recalling the plaintiffs to any category of
positions for which they are qualified, without the ability to set the hours of employment.
Simply put, the School Code provides tenure rights to full-time employment to a single
category of employee (certified teachers), and the plaintiffs were not members of that
category. They have failed to show that they are entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Conversely, the Board did establish that it was entitled to judgment as a matter of law, since
the statutory framework of providing greater protections to tenured teachers than ESPs
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supported the Board’s actions.
¶ 20 CONCLUSION
¶ 21 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of La Salle County, granting
the Board’s motion for summary judgment and denying the plaintiffs’ motion for summary
judgment, is affirmed.
¶ 22 Affirmed.
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