J-S39013-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
PEOPLES NATURAL GAS COMPANY, LLC, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant
v.
ALEXANDER A. CAMESI AND ANITA
CAMESI, HUSBAND AND WIFE,
Appellee No. 1502 WDA 2016
Appeal from the Order Entered September 9, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Civil Division at No(s):
GD-14-8143
GD-14-014662
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED AUGUST 29, 2017
Appellant, Peoples Natural Gas Company, LLC (“PNG”), appeals from
the order entering judgment on September 9, 2016, in the Court of Common
Pleas of Allegheny County, against PNG and in favor of Appellees, Alexander
A. Camesi and Anita Camesi, husband and wife (collectively “Camesis”).
After careful review, we affirm.
This case arises from a dispute over PNG’s alleged easement over the
Camesis’ property to access its gas lines and additional equipment located
on a parcel of land owned by PNG, adjacent to the Camesis’ property. The
____________________________________________
*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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trial court summarized the relevant facts in its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion, as
follows:
The facts of this case are rooted in a 1904 easement
[(hereinafter “1904 Right of Way”)] executed by D.M. and
Vianna McCartney (collectively “McCartneys”) to lay one 10-inch
line of pipe, known as P670, along with the right of entry to that
pipe. In the [1904 Right of Way], specific language pertaining to
anything additional being built on the McCartneys’ land at that
time has been stricken. The 10-inch line[] was then built in or
around 1909.
In 1927, two more easements executed between the
McCartneys gave access to the McCartneys’ land to build both a
second, 6-inch pipeline, and a facility for the two pipelines. The
first, to build and maintain a 6-inch line for local customer
distribution (3628, now M4611)[,] and the second for a
regulating station (LS43) for both the existing 10-inch and new
6-inch pipelines. The new 6-inch line was to run along what is
now Western Ave. The station was to be built where Western
Ave. and the existing 10-inch pipeline intersected. The 1927
grants were amended to clarify that only the 6-inch line and
regulating station were to be built on McCartney[s’] land.
The first 1927 Right of Way Grant for the 6-inch customer
distribution line [(hereinafter “1927 Right of Way I”)] gave PNG
the right of way to “lay, maintain, replace, operate and remove a
pipeline… on, over and through… with ingress and egress to and
from the same.” The specific language to “lay additional lines of
pipes… [and] change the size of its pipes” has been crossed out.
The clear intent of this grant was for PNG to lay one pipeline in
the direction of Western Ave., and to repair and maintain it as
needed, but not to add additional pipes in the future, or even to
change the size of the pipe. Ingress and egress was only
granted over the McCartneys’ land for building and maintenance
of the 6-inch line.
The second Right of Way Grant [(hereinafter “1927 Right
of Way II”)] was agreed upon by the McCartneys[] and PNG for
the regulating station facility. The words used in the grant to
PNG are very specific. They read:
D.M. McCartney and Vianna McCartney his wife do hereby
grant unto Peoples Natural Gas Company … the right of
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way or privilege to construct, lay, maintain, operate, repair
and remove a gas regulator or regulators, meter or
meters, heater or heaters, and similar appliances, for the
transportation, control and measurement of natural
gas…[.] With ingress and egress over lands of grantors to
and from the same. It being understood that the
appliances mentioned or intended are incident to that
certain grant of pipeline privileges, made … 28th day of
June, 1904.
(emphasis added).
The [1927 Right of Way II] then states that the regulation
facility shall be built at the intersection of Western Ave. and “the
right of way heretofore granted… for a high pressure gas line
thought [sic] my lands.” The facility was to be built on
McCartney[s’] land, where the 10-inch and 6-inch lines intersect.
In reading the two 1927 Right of Way [g]rants, ingress
and egress is very specific to accessing the regulating station,
the 6-inch line, and the 10-inch line. No other facilities or
pipelines were to be built on their land. Ingress and egress was
limited to accessing the two pipelines and their regulation
facility.
Sometime between the 1927 grants and 1960, the
McCartneys’ land was sold to the Wanners, who then sold a piece
of land to PNG in May of 1960. Around the same time, PNG built
two additional pipelines (7575, a 20-inch pipeline, and 7305, a
12-inch pipeline) for the purpose of interstate distribution of gas,
thus requiring that PNG pig the lines, necessitating the
installation of the pig launcher. All of this was built on the land
owned by PNG. However, ingress and egress was still obtained
though [sic] the Wanners’ land, at the same location as granted
for the 1904 and 1927 projects. No additional grant for
accessing the 1960 lines and facility was ever recorded.
Over the years, PNG continued to access both the 1904
and 1927 lines, as well as the 1960 lines and facility via the
same route over the Wanners’ land. In 1978, the Wanners sold
a piece of land to Mr. Camesi, who was aware of the Right of
Way [g]rants from 1904 and 1927. In 1982, PNG abandoned
the 1904 pipeline, making the 1904 grant irrelevant. In 1998,
Mr. and Mrs. Camesi purchased the second parcel of land from
the Wanners that bordered PNG’s property where the 1960s line
and facility was located, as well as the regulation facility and 6-
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inch pipeline as per the 1927 grant. In 2010[,] a new regulator,
XS335, was constructed to manage the gas flow between the
two pipelines built in the 1960s, the 20-inch and 12-inch lines.
All of the work on the facilities to date has been done by
way of the ingress and egress route that was initially granted for
the 1904 and 1927 projects. Further permission to access PNG’s
property for additional structures was never expressly recorded.
Trial Court Opinion (“TCO”), 1/19/17, at 3-6 (unpaginated; reference to
attachments omitted).
On May 6, 2014, the Camesis commenced an action against PNG in the
Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County at GD-14-008143 with the filing
of a complaint including counts of negligence, ejectment, intentional
trespass, private nuisance, and an action to quiet title. In response to the
Camesis’ complaint, PNG filed an answer and new matter, and asserted that
it had an easement over the Camesis’ property. On August 19, 2014, PNG
filed a complaint for injunctive relief against the Camesis at GD-14-14662,
seeking to enforce its alleged express right of way. The court subsequently
consolidated PNG’s complaint with the Camesis’ action.
On August 26, 2014, pending resolution of the lawsuits, the court
entered a consent order granting PNG access to its facilities via the Camesis’
property, to remain in effect until further order of court. The parties filed
cross-motions for summary judgment, which were denied by the trial court
on November 20, 2015. The court then scheduled PNG’s equity action for a
non-jury trial, to be held separately from the jury trial scheduled on the
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Camesis’ action.1 After a non-jury trial held on July 19-20, 2016, the trial
court issued a memorandum holding that PNG did not have a right of ingress
and egress over the Camesis’ property pursuant to an express easement, an
easement by prescription, or an implied easement by necessity. By separate
order of court dated September 9, 2016, the court entered judgment against
PNG and in favor of the Camesis.
On October 6, 2016, PNG filed a timely notice of appeal, followed by a
timely, court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal.2 PNG now presents the following issues for our
review:
1. Were the Judgment entered on September 9, 2016 and Order
entered on September 8, 2016 appealable?
2. Whether the trial court erred in its interpretation of an
express easement by holding that PNG did not have an
express easement that granted it ingress and egress to
natural gas facilities constructed after the grant of easement?
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1
The jury trial on the Camesis’ action was later postponed pending the
outcome of this appeal.
2
This Court issued a rule to show cause why this appeal should not be
quashed, because PNG filed a motion for post-trial relief on September 16,
2016, which was still pending before the trial court. PNG responded in the
form of a letter, in which it asserted that the appeal was proper because
judgment had already been entered, and that the order in question was
appealable as of right pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(4). PNG further
indicated that its post-trial motion was filed out of an abundance of caution.
Accordingly, the rule was discharged by the Court on November 1, 2016.
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3. Whether the trial court erred in its determination that [PNG’s]
use of a right of way to access its property for a period in
excess of 50 years did not give rise to an easement by
prescription because its use was not “adverse?”
4. Whether the trial court erred in its determination that [PNG]
does not have an easement by necessity to access its
landlocked property?
PNG’s Brief at 2.
Initially, we must determine whether the appeal from the September
9, 2016 order entering judgment against PNG is properly before this Court.
“In this Commonwealth, an appeal may only be taken from: 1) a final order
or one certified by the trial court as final; 2) an interlocutory order as of
right; 3) an interlocutory order by permission; or 4) a collateral order.”
O.D. Anderson, Inc. v. Cricks, 815 A.2d 1063, 1067 (Pa. Super. 2003)
(quoting Morgan Trailer Mtg., Co. v. Hydraroll, Ltd., 804 A.2d 26, 29
(Pa. Super. 2002)). PNG asserts that the instant appeal from the order and
judgment denying an injunction is interlocutory as of right pursuant to Rule
311(a)(4) of the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Rule 311 sets forth in which instances a litigant may take an
interlocutory appeal as of right. The Rule states, in relevant part:
Rule 311. Interlocutory Appeals as of Right
(a) General Rule.—An appeal may be taken as of right and
without reference to Pa.R.A.P. 341(c) from:
…
(4) Injunctions.—An order that grants or denies, modifies
or refuses to modify, continues or refuses to continue, or
dissolves or refuses to dissolve an injunction unless the
order was entered:
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(i) Pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 3323(f), 3505(a); or
(ii) After a trial but before entry of the final order.
Such order is immediately appealable, however, if
the order enjoins conduct previously permitted or
mandated or permits or mandates conduct not
previously mandated or permitted, and is effective
before entry of the final order.
Pa.R.A.P. 311(a)(4).
Our Supreme Court examined the plain language of Rule 311(a)(4) in
Wynnewood Development, Inc. v. Bank and Trust Co. of Old York
Road, 711 A.2d 1003 (Pa. 1998):
In construing Rule 311(a)(4), this Court is guided by the rules of
statutory construction. Pa.R.A.P. 107. When the words of a
statute are clear and free from all ambiguity, the letter of the
words cannot be disregarded under the pretext of pursuing its
spirit. 1 Pa.C.S. 1921(b). This Court finds that the plain
meaning of the words contained in Rule 311(a)(4) is that an
order refusing a request for an injunction is an interlocutory
order appealable as of right unless the order involves an
injunction issued pursuant to two explicit provisions of the
Divorce Code or the order is in the form of a decree nisi.5
5
A decree nisi is a “provisional decree, which will be made
absolute on motion unless cause be shown against it.”
Black’s Law Dictionary (6th Ed.) at 411.
Id. at 1005 (footnote omitted). Here, the denial of PNG’s request for
injunctive relief was neither made under the Divorce Code nor as a decree
nisi. Thus, Rule 311(a)(4) mandates a finding that the trial court’s order
entered on September 9, 2016 was an interlocutory order appealable as of
right.
We now address the remainder of PNG’s issues arising from the trial
court’s findings in its equity action against the Camesis. Our standard of
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review of a trial court’s denial of a request for a permanent injunction is
well-settled: “[W]hen reviewing the grant or denial of a final or permanent
injunction, an appellate court’s review is limited to determining whether the
trial court committed an error of law.” Buffalo Twp. v. Jones, 813 A.2d
659, 663-64 (Pa. 2002).
Ultimately, the grant or denial of a permanent injunction will
turn on whether the trial court properly found that the party
seeking the injunction established a clear right to relief as a
matter of law. Accordingly, we think it proper that appellate
review in these cases is whether the lower court committed an
error of law in granting or denying the permanent injunction.
Our standard of review for a question of law is de novo. Our
scope of review is plenary.
Id. at 664 n.4 (citations omitted).
First, PNG argues that it has an express right of ingress and egress
over the Camesis’ property to service all of its appliances, including
“regulators, meters, and appliances for the transportation, control and
measurement of natural gas over and above the regulator station
constructed in 1927….” PNG’s Brief at 26. PNG concedes that it does not
have the right to construct an additional pipeline under the 1904 Right of
Way and 1927 Right of Way I, but avers that the grant provided under 1927
Right of Way II is an unqualified right of ingress and egress to all of its
appliances. See id. at 31-32. However, for the foregoing reasons, we
agree with the trial court’s determination that PNG’s right of ingress and
egress is limited by the language in the 1927 easements to access for the
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purpose of servicing its 6-inch and 10-inch pipelines and the related
regulator station. See TCO at 4.
“A right of way is an easement, which may be created by an express
grant.” Amerikohl Mining Co., Inc. v. Peoples Natural Gas Co., 860
A.2d 547, 550 (Pa. Super. 2004). “To ascertain the nature of the easement
created by an express grant we determine the intention of the parties
ascertained from the language of the instrument. Such intention is
determined by a fair interpretation and construction of the grant and may be
shown by the words employed construed with reference to the attending
circumstances known to the parties at the time the grant was made.” Id.
(quoting Merrill v. Manufacturers Light & Heat Co., 185 A.2d 573, 575
(Pa. 1962)).
The trial court found Sigal v. Manufacturers Light & Heat Co., 299
A.2d 646 (Pa. 1973), to be instructive in this case, summarizing that case as
follows:
In Sigal, an easement was granted for the installation of one
pipeline. Language allowing for a second pipeline to be installed
was simultaneously stricken from the agreement. Years later,
the energy company installed a second pipeline anyway. [Id.]
at 647-48. The Supreme Court held that the intent of the
grantor was that the grantee should only install one pipeline as
reflected in the changes made to the easement at the time of
signing. Sections of the standard easement were crossed[]out
to reflect a change from two pipelines to one pipeline being laid
on the property. Id. at 648-49. The Sigal [C]ourt determined
the removed language had more weight in situations where
words like “lines” were still used rather than “line,” as the intent
of the parties was clear from the language that had been
removed. Id. at 650.
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TCO at 7-8.
In Sigal, which is analogous to the instant case, the Court made
particular reference to the attending circumstances at the time the grant
was signed in ascertaining the intention of the parties.3 The Sigal Court
concluded that the parties clearly did not intend to grant the right to
construct a second pipeline alongside the first pipeline, as such right is
exactly what the easement holder would have had if the crossed-out portion
of the easement had remained in the document.
Similarly, the grantors in the instant case crossed out and edited the
1904 and 1927 easements “to reflect that only the two pipelines, the 6-inch
and 10-inch, and the related regulation facility were to be built and
maintained on their property. Ingress and egress to these three items was
explicit.” TCO at 8. The 1904 Right of Way provided to PNG “the right of
way to lay, maintain, operate and remove a pipe line for the transportation
of oil or gas,” on, over and through the land now owned by the Camesis,
“with ingress and egress to and from the same.” 1904 Right of Way at 1.
The document further provided:
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3
The Court noted that “[t]he attending circumstances were that when the
appellant and her husband were presented a standard form grant by the
appellee[,] they refused to sign the appellee’s standard form grant as
printed and only signed the grant after the objectionable clauses were typed
over.” Sigal, 299 A.2d at 649.
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The said grantor to fully use and enjoy the said premises, except
for the purposes hereinbefore granted to the said [PNG], which
hereby agrees to pay any damages which may arise to crops and
fences from the laying, maintaining and operating said pipe line;
said damage if not mutually agreed upon, to be ascertained and
determined by three disinterested person shall be final and
conclusive. And it is hereby further agreed that the said [PNG],
… may at any time lay an additional line of pipe over above
described lands, upon the payment of a like consideration, and
subject to the same conditions; also to have the right to change
the size of its pipes, the damage, if any, to crops and surface in
making such change to be paid by the said [PNG].
Id.4 Following the reasoning in Sigal, the trial court found that the
crossed-out language was a clear indication that the parties intended to limit
PNG’s access to the Camesis’ property for the purpose of building and
maintaining its original two pipelines, the 6-inch and 10-inch, and the
related regulator station. See TCO at 9-10.
In 1927, as stated supra, the McCartneys further granted to PNG, “the
right of way to lay, maintain, replace, operate and remove a pipe line for the
transportation of oil or gas,” on, over and through the property now owned
by the Camesis, “with ingress and egress to and from the same.” 1927
Right of Way I at 1 (emphasis added).5, 6 Additionally, 1927 Right of Way II
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4
We note that the language crossed out in the 1904 Right of Way is almost
identical to the language crossed out in Sigal. See Sigal, 299 A.2d at 650.
5
Said document was recorded in the Allegheny County Pennsylvania Deed
Book Volume 2344 at Page 236 on December 20, 1927.
6
Right of Way I further provided:
The said grantor, heirs or assigns to fully use and enjoy the said
premises, except for the purposes hereinbefore granted to the
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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expressly grants PNG “the right of way or privilege to construct, lay,
maintain, operate, repair and remove a gas regulator or regulators, meter or
meters, heater or heaters, and similar appliances, for the transportation,
control and measurement of natural gas, together with suitable building or
buildings to house the appliances,” on the property now owned by the
Camesis, “[w]ith ingress and egress over lands of grantors to and from the
same. It being understood that the appliances herein mentioned or intended
are incident to that certain grant of pipe line privileges, made by [the
grantors] to [PNG] and bearing date the 28th day of June 1904.” 1927 Right
of Way II at 1 (emphasis added).7
PNG argues that the only limitation specified by Right of Way II is that
there can be only one building on the land, and that there is no justification
for the trial court’s inference that the appliances were limited to those
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
said crops and fences from the laying, maintaining, replacing,
operating and removing said pipe line; said damages if not
mutually agreed upon, to be ascertained and determined by
three disinterested persons, one thereof to be appointed by the
said grantor, heirs or assigns, one by [PNG], its successors or
assigns, and the third by the two so appointed as aforesaid, and
the award of such three persons shall be final and conclusive.
Said pipe line to be laid in the street as at present laid through
my lands and to extend from the intersection of said street and
the Broadhead road to the high pressure gas line which is now
on my lands, L. 3628 #2.
Id.
7
Said document was recorded in the Allegheny County Pennsylvania Deed
Book Volume 2344 at Page 237 on December 20, 1927.
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needed to service the 6-inch and 10-inch pipelines. PNG’s Brief at 32-33.
However, we believe that PNG’s argument blatantly ignores the express
language of 1927 Right of Way II, which provides that the appliances
mentioned therein “are incident to that certain grant of pipe line privileges”
as set forth in the 1904 Right of Way.
Appropriately, the trial court concluded:
The intent of the parties at the time [of] the 1904 and 1927
express easements was clear: two gas lines were to be installed
with a regulation facility at their intersection with ingress and
egress to and from the same. Because the additional pipelines
and regulators added after 1960 were not necessary and
reasonable for the maintenance and use of the existing lines, an
additional grant was necessary for travel to and from the
additional equipment. As a result, PNG does not have an
express easement.
TCO at 10. After careful review, we discern that the trial court’s conclusion
is well-supported by the record and that the court correctly applied the
relevant law.
Next, PNG argues that if it does not have an express easement, it has
an easement by prescription as a result of “its 50-year open, notorious,
continuous and adverse use of the Wanners’ and then the Camesis’ property
to get to its property to construct, repair, inspect and maintain not only the
original appliances and pipelines, but also the pipelines and pig launcher that
were built in 1960[.]” PNG’s Brief at 26. “An easement or right-of-way by
prescription arises by adverse, open, continuous, notorious, and
uninterrupted use of the land for twenty-one years.” Sprankle v. Burns,
675 A.2d 1287, 1289 (Pa. Super. 1996). Here, the trial court found that
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PNG met the open, notorious, and continuous for over twenty-one years
requirements. However, it held that PNG’s use of the property was not
adverse and, thus, no easement by prescription exists. See TCO at 11-14.
After careful review, we determine that the trial court correctly applied the
law in this case.
In Adshead v. Sprung, 375 A.2d 83 (Pa. Super. 1977), a case
involving a dispute by two neighbors over a small section of land located
between their driveways, this Court stated that Adshead’s use of the land
was “open and notorious in light of the fact that the driveway was located
immediately adjacent to [Sprungs’] property.” Id. at 84-85. Similarly, in
the instant case, PNG has been using a driveway adjacent to the Camesis’
property. Thus, we agree with the trial court’s conclusion that PNG met the
open and notorious requirements for adverse possession. See TCO at 11.
Moreover, with respect to the continuous and uninterrupted use for
twenty-one years element of a prescriptive easement, the Adshead Court
explicitly stated that day-to-day use is not required. Adshead, 375 A.2d at
85. Here, the trial court noted:
PNG asserted that it has been using the Camesis’ property
adversely since the 1960s when the Stage 2 project was
developed, as they did not have permission to access the second
set of equipment. Thus, the requisite 21 years was met in 1981.
The Camesis did not dispute this.
Regarding continuousness, use when needed is sufficient
as long as the use is more than sporadic. Adshead, 375 A.2d at
85. Because PNG accessed the Stage 2 project regularly via the
Camesis’ driveway for most regular maintenance as well as
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emergency situations, it is clear that the use meets the “as
needed” continuity expressed in Adshead.
TCO at 12.
With regard to whether PNG’s use of the Camesis’ property was
adverse, the trial court opined:
Although PNG met the “[o]pen and [n]otorious” and
“[c]ontinuous” prongs of the test for a prescriptive easement,
they did not show that their use of the Camesis’ driveway was
adverse. Adverse use is defined as the use of “an easement …
without leave of the owner of the land over which it passes.”
Tarrity v. Pittston Area School District, 328 A.2d 205, 207
(Pa. [Cmwlth.] 1974). Tarrity examined the use of a road by
the general public, and also stated that the landowner has the
burden of proof to show that “permission or licenses [was]
granted.” Id. PNG claimed that they did not have permission to
use the easement, and therefore[,] their use was adverse.
However, because PNG had permission to be there via the
express grants of 1927, PNG was permitted to be on the
Camesis[’] land for an apparently identical use – that is, to
access existing equipment.
The case of Ontelaunee Orchards, Inc. v. Rothermel[,
11 A.2d 543 (Pa. Super. 1940),] is instructive. Ontelaunee
involved adverse possession due to a life tenant conveying
property in fee simple. [Ontelaunee,] 11 A.2d … [at] 544…. In
that case, it was found that where “the entry has not been
adverse … [one] cannot be permitted to treat his subsequent
continued possession to be as adverse.” Id. at 545. The
Ontelaunee [C]ourt then declared that before the statute
commences to run, the privity between the parties must be
“disowned, severed by some unequivocal act.” Id. [(citing
Bannon v. Brandon, 75 A.Dec. 655 (Pa. 1859)].8
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8
This proposition originally set forth in Bannon has been consistently
followed. See Johns v. Johns, 90 A. 535, 537 (Pa. 1914) (stating “[w]hen
the possession of one person is shown to have been once in subordination to
the title of another, it will not be adjudicated afterwards adverse, without
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Here, PNG had permission to access their land via the
Camesis’ property as written in the existing grants. The use was
consistent, and without any apparent change until 2010 when
new equipment was being built by PNG. PNG never offered the
Camesis something that would stand as an “unequivocal act” of
severance for the existing right of way grants, and as such,
PNG’s use of the Camesis’ land was not adverse, but rather
permissive.
TCO at 13-14.
Finally, PNG argues that an implied easement by necessity was created
when the Wanners sold parcels of land to the Camesis, essentially causing
the parcel of land purchased by PNG in 1960 to be landlocked. PNG’s Brief
at 41. Under Pennsylvania law, the following elements must be proven to
establish an easement by necessity:
1) The titles to the alleged dominant and servient properties
must have been held by one person.
2) This unity of title must have been severed by a conveyance of
one of the tracts.
3) The easement must be necessary in order for the owner of
the dominant tenement to use his land, with the necessity
existing both at the time of the severance of title and at the
time of the exercise of the easement.
Phillippi v. Knotter, 748 A.2d 757, 760 (Pa. Super. 2000).
In Phillippi, a railroad company sold a parcel of land to an
employee and was then later taken due to an owner’s inability to
pay taxes. The land was split into two tracts by a strip of land
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
clear and positive proof of its having distinctly become so, for every
presumption is in favor of the possession continuing in the same
subordination to the title”). See also Hover v. Hills, 117 A. 346 (Pa.
1922); Jenkins v. McMichael, 1901 WL 3747 (Pa. Super. 1901);
Cadwalader v. App et al., 3 W.N.C. 1 (Pa. 1876).
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previously owned by the railroad. The eastern parcel had access
to a road while the western did not. The land was eventually
purchased by the Phillippis, who used an easement over the
Knotters’ land to access the western parcel. Id. at 758-60.
The Superior Court found in Phillippi that the Phillippis did
not demonstrate the existence of the necessity at the time of the
original severance, nor at the time of the case. Id. at 761. The
[C]ourt also defines “strict necessity” as not just a mere matter
of convenience, but that the land must be without “any access to
a public road.” Id. They also found that because the original
severance of the land did not create a strict necessity, that is, no
access to a public road, the [C]ourt could not enforce the
“intrusive doctrine.” Id.
TCO at 15-16.
In the instant matter, PNG insists that the easement was, and still is,
necessary for PNG to access its land. It claims that the route of ingress and
egress via the Camesis’ property is the only reasonable point of access to its
land and that the need to access its land via the Camesis’ property has
existed since PNG purchased the land from the Wanners. To the contrary,
we conclude that the record supports the trial court’s finding that PNG
created its need to access its land via the Camesis’ property when it selected
the site to build the 1960s pipe lines and, thus, the necessity did not exist at
the time of severance. See id. at 16. Moreover, based on the evidence and
testimony presented at trial, the lower court found it to be proven that two
other existing rights of way provide PNG with access to two different public
roads and that “the rights of way can be traversed on foot and with some
machinery.” Id. at 17. “Since the trial judge is in the best position to judge
the credibility of the witnesses, an appellate court may not re-examine the
weight to be given to their testimony. Similarly, an appellate court may not
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substitute its judgment for that of the trial judge.” Tagliati v. Nationwide
Inc. Co., 720 A.2d 1051, 1053 (Pa. Super. 1998).9
The trial court elaborated:
Though it might be more convenient for PNG to access the Stage
2 projects via the Camesis’ driveway, the strict necessity
threshold, as defined in Phillippi, is not met. PNG can access
their property via two existing rights of way, and only use the
Camesis’ driveway as a matter of convenience.
Furthermore, PNG created the necessity in the
development of the Stage 2 project in the 1960s. There was no
need to access their land by necessity before building the Stage
2 project, as they had an express easement that allowed for
access to the Stage 1 project. The need did not exist until PNG
expanded their equipment for Stage 2, which was after the
Wanners conveyed the land to PNG. Because PNG created the
need for access to their Stage 2 project after the purchase of the
land, PNG does not have an easement by necessity over the
Camesis’ property.
TCO at 17. We discern no error of law or abuse of discretion by the trial
court.
In light of the foregoing, the September 9, 2016 order entering
judgment against PNG and in favor of the Camesis is affirmed.
Order affirmed.
____________________________________________
9
See also Shaffer v. O’Toole, 964 A.2d 420, 422-23 (Pa. Super. 2009)
(stating “[t]he trial court’s findings are especially binding on appeal, where
they are based upon the credibility of the witnesses, unless it appears that
the court abused its discretion or that the court’s findings lack evidentiary
support or that the court capriciously disbelieved the evidence”).
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/29/2017
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