[Cite as State v. Pitts, 2017-Ohio-7467.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-160675
TRIAL NO. B-0506665
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
STEVE PITTS, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: September 6, 2017
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Scott Heenan,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Roger W. Kirk, for Defendant-Appellant.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Z AYAS , Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Steve Pitts appeals his sentences for one count of
aggravated murder, attempted murder, aggravated burglary, and kidnapping.
Raising three assignments of error, Pitts argues that the trial court did not consider
the purposes and principles of felony sentencing, did not properly notify him of
postrelease control, and failed to merge his convictions for allied offenses. We affirm
the trial court’s judgment.
Factual and Procedural Background
{¶2} In 2005, Pitts pleaded guilty to aggravated murder, attempted
murder, aggravated burglary, and kidnapping. He was sentenced to a jointly-
recommended sentence of life in prison with the possibility of parole after 20 years
on the aggravated-murder conviction, and ten years on each of the other offenses, all
to run concurrently, for an aggregate sentence of life without parole for 20 years.
Pitts did not appeal the judgment of conviction.
{¶3} In 2015, Pitts filed a pro se motion for a resentencing hearing because
the court did not impose postrelease control on the attempted murder, aggravated
burglary, or kidnapping convictions. Pitts also filed a pro se sentencing
memorandum arguing that all of his offenses were allied offenses that should be
merged at the resentencing hearing.
{¶4} The trial court appointed counsel to represent Pitts and conducted a
hearing to notify Pitts that he is required to serve a mandatory term of five years of
postrelease control upon his release from prison. At the hearing, Pitts again argued
that he was improperly sentenced because the aggravated murder, attempted
murder, kidnapping, and aggravated burglary were allied offenses of similar import
that could not be separately punished. The trial court did not address the merger
issue because the resentencing was solely for the purpose of imposing postrelease
2
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
control. The court explained that it did not have jurisdiction to resentence Pitts on
the other convictions.
{¶5} The court proceeded to resentence Pitts to the same agreed sentence
and advised Pitts that he would be subject to a mandatory five years of postrelease
control upon his release from prison.
Law and Analysis
{¶6} For ease of discussion, we address his assignments of error out of
order. In his second assignment of error, Pitts argues that the sentencing court did
not properly notify him of postrelease control at the resentencing hearing. However,
Pitts does not specifically point out in the record this alleged error and concedes that
the notification was proper. Consequently, we overrule this assignment of error.
{¶7} In his first assignment of error, Pitts argues that the sentencing court
failed to consider the purposes and principles of felony sentencing as set forth in R.C.
2929.11 and 2929.12 when imposing an excessive prison term that was unsupported
by the record. Pitts further contends the sentencing court failed to make the
statutory findings at the resentencing hearing.
{¶8} The trial court conducted the hearing in order to properly advise Pitts
of the mandatory postrelease control as part of his sentence. The resentencing was
limited to the “proper imposition of postrelease control.” State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio
St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, ¶ 27. Accordingly, Pitts was only
entitled to be resentenced on the postrelease-control portion of his sentence, and we
overrule the first assignment of error.
{¶9} Although the trial court properly imposed postrelease control, the trial
court exceeded the limited scope of the hearing by resentencing Pitts to the same
agreed sentence. Because that portion of the sentence was not void, the trial court
had no authority to review the original sentence, and therefore, lacked authority to
revisit this part of the sentence. See State v. Lewis, 9th Dist. Summit No.
3
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
25080, 2011-Ohio-2014, ¶ 23. However, any error was harmless because the court
imposed the same sentence that was imposed at the original sentencing. See State v.
Robb, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-100678 and C-100679, 2011-Ohio-4647, ¶ 6.
{¶10} In his third assignment of error, Pitts asserts that the trial court erred
by failing to merge allied offenses of similar import. He further claims that his
original sentences were void because the court failed to merge the allied offenses.
{¶11} The failure to merge allied offenses does not render a judgment void,
but voidable. See State v. Wurzelbacher, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130011, 2013-
Ohio-4009, ¶ 9, citing State v. Grant, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120695, 2013-Ohio-
3421; State v. Lee, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120307, 2013-Ohio-1811, ¶ 8.
Consequently, challenges to the trial court's failure to merge allied offenses are
barred by the doctrine of res judicata if they could have been, but were not, raised on
direct appeal. See Grant at ¶ 16-18; State v. Reid, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25790,
2014-Ohio-1282, ¶ 9.
{¶12} Pitts argues that the Ohio Supreme Court has recently determined that
the failure to merge allied offenses renders the sentence void in State v. Williams,
148 Ohio St.3d 403, 2016-Ohio-7658, 71 N.E.3d 234. However, in Williams, the
Ohio Supreme Court made it clear that “when a trial court finds that convictions are
not allied offenses of similar import, or when it fails to make any finding regarding
whether the offenses are allied, imposing a separate sentence for each offense is not
contrary to law, and any error [regarding the failure to merge] must be asserted in a
timely appeal or it will be barred by principles of res judicata.” Id. at ¶ 26, citing
State v. Holdcroft, 137 Ohio St.3d 526, 2013-Ohio-5014, 1 N.E.3d 382, ¶ 8-9; State v.
Rogers, 143 Ohio St.3d 385, 2015-Ohio-2459, 38 N.E.3d 860, ¶ 3. The sentence is
void only when the trial court concludes that an offender is guilty of allied offenses
and then imposes separate sentences. Id.
4
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶13} Here, the trial court did not initially find that the offenses were allied
and then impose a separate sentence for each offense. Therefore, Pitts was required
to raise the allied-offenses issue on direct appeal, and he did not. Consequently, the
allied-offenses argument is barred by res judicata, and therefore, we overrule the
third assignment of error.
Conclusion
{¶14} Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Judgment affirmed.
MYERS and DETERS, JJ., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
5