STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
September 15, 2017
LYNESE DANFORD, RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
Claimant Below, Petitioner SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
OF WEST VIRGINIA
vs.) No. 16-1196 (BOR Appeal No. 2051370)
(Claim No. 2014019237)
KANAWHA HOSPICE CARE, INC.,
Employer Below, Respondent
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Lynese Danford, by Edwin H. Pancake, her attorney, appeals the decision of the
West Virginia Workers’ Compensation Board of Review. Kanawha Hospice Care, Inc., by H. Dill
Battle III, its attorney, filed a timely response.
The issue on appeal is whether cubital tunnel syndrome and brachial plexus injury should
be added to the claim. The claims administrator denied the addition of the conditions on September
8, 2015. The Office of Judges affirmed the decision in its May 27, 2016, Order. The Order was
affirmed by the Board of Review on November 21, 2016. The Court has carefully reviewed the
records, written arguments, and appendices contained in the briefs, and the case is mature for
consideration.
This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons,
a memorandum decision is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Ms. Danford, a registered nurse, was injured in the course of her employment on
November 13, 2013, while lifting an unconscious patient. A treatment note by Charles Shuff, M.D.,
the following day indicates Ms. Danford reported a new work-related injury to her neck. She
indicated she lifted a patient, felt a pop in her neck, and her entire right arm went numb. Dr. Shuff’s
impression was poly-dermatomal/atypical radiculopathy of the right extremity. A cervical x-ray
showed stable findings. Ms. Danford’s report of injury indicates she injured her neck and right arm
while transferring a patient. She felt a pop and pull in her neck and developed immediate numbness
in her right arm. The diagnosis was listed as a cervical strain that did not aggravate a prior injury
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or disease. The claims administrator held the claim compensable for neck sprain/strain on
December 31, 2013.
Ms. Danford had a pre-existing history of cervical and right upper extremity problems. A
March 13, 2013, treatment note by Dr. Shuff indicates she was seen for new onset of pain in the
right side of the neck, right arm, right forearm, and fingers following a car crash four weeks prior.
The impression was degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine with C7 radiculopathy. A pain
assessment completed by Nurse Mary Beth Merritt on April 18, 2013, indicates Ms. Danford was
evaluated for complaints of neck pain and right arm numbness and tingling. A May 16, 2013,
medical report from St. Mary’s Medical Center indicates she received a cervical epidural steroid
injection for neck pain with radiculopathy. On August 17, 2013, Ms. Danford underwent a cervical
discectomy and fusion for neck pain, numbness, tingling, and paresthesia of the right arm
performed by Dr. Shuff. The post-operative diagnosis was right-sided C6 and C7 radiculopathy
secondary to cervical canal stenosis and spondylosis. A November 6, 2013, treatment note by Dr.
Shuff, one week prior to the compensable injury, indicates Ms. Danford was seen for follow up
with complaints of new pain on the right side.
An EMG/NCS of the right upper extremity performed on January 15, 2014, was essentially
within normal limits. There was no evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar neuropathy, or radial
sensory neuropathy. There was no evidence of right cervical radiculopathy or myopathy. A January
22, 2014, treatment note by Dr. Shuff indicates Ms. Danford was currently dealing with two
problems. First, she had cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy status post-surgery. Second, she
developed right arm and shoulder pain after pulling on a patient at work. She continued to have
numbness, tingling, and loss of strength in the right arm. Dr. Shuff’s impression was C8 neuritis
versus peripheral nerve based ulnar lesion/stretch. He recommended a C8 steroid injection for
diagnosis and therapy. On March 26, 2014, Ms. Danford’s neck was doing well but she continued
to have numbness, tingling, and paresthesia, particularly in the right pinky finger. She had
difficulty with fine motor skills and repetitive activity.
Prasadarao Mukkamala, M.D., performed an independent medical evaluation on May 7,
2014, in which he noted diminished sensation over the right upper extremity in a global and non-
anatomic pattern. Dr. Mukkamala diagnosed the work injury as a cervical sprain. He found Ms.
Danford had reached maximum medical improvement and assessed 6% whole person impairment.
In a May 14, 2014, treatment note, Alan Koester, M.D., found that Ms. Danford sustained
a work-related traction injury to her right arm. He noted that Dr. Shuff did not believe her current
problems were related to her pre-existing conditions. Ms. Danford reported persistent right arm
and elbow pain with a tingling sensation into the fingers. There was also tenderness around the
brachial plexus. Dr. Koester’s impression was a likely double crush phenomenon with right cubital
tunnel syndrome and brachial plexopathy. He did not believe the symptoms were related to the
cervical spine.
Paul Bachwitt, M.D., performed an independent medical evaluation on June 10, 2014, in
which he opined that the medical documentation supports a causal relationship between the
compensable injury and Ms. Danford’s cervical spine; however, he found no such connection
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between the compensable injury and the right arm/elbow complaints. He specifically noted that
seven days before the injury occurred, Dr. Shuff diagnosed Ms. Danford with a new onset of C8
radiculopathy. Dr. Bachwitt opined that the mechanism of injury, pulling on a patient, would not
cause an injury to the ulnar nerve. In that regard, he noted that ulnar nerve injuries are usually the
result of a contusion or striking type injury to the elbow. Dr. Bachwitt diagnosed the compensable
injury as a cervical strain.
In a June 23, 2014, physician review, Randall Short, M.D., was asked to comment on
whether cubital tunnel syndrome and brachial plexopathy should be compensable diagnoses in the
claim. Dr. Short found that according to Dr. Shuff’s November 6, 2013, treatment note, Ms.
Danford’s right upper extremity symptoms predated the compensable injury. Dr. Short additionally
noted that Dr. Bachwitt determined that her right upper extremity symptoms are unrelated to the
compensable injury. Dr. Short concluded that cubital tunnel syndrome and brachial plexopathy
should not be added as compensable conditions in the claim.
A medical report by Dr. Shuff dated June 25, 2014, indicates Ms. Danford continued to
have a brachial-plexus pattern of pain in the right arm. His assessment was resolved cervical
radiculopathy and brachial plexus stretch injury with lower trunk abnormality. He additionally
opined that Ms. Danford’s right arm symptoms are the result of her compensable injury.
The claims administrator denied the addition of cubital tunnel syndrome and injury of
brachial plexus to the claim on September 8, 2015. The Office of Judges affirmed the decision in
its May 27, 2016, Order. It found that Drs. Shuff and Koester both opined that Ms. Danford’s
cubital tunnel syndrome and brachial plexus nerve injury were a result of her compensable injury.
Their findings were determined by the Office of Judges to be inconsistent with the medical
evidence of record. Dr. Shuff’s November 6, 2013, treatment note clearly states that Ms. Danford’s
right upper extremity symptoms predated the compensable injury of November 13, 2013. He noted
on November 6, 2013, that she was being evaluated for complaints of new pain following a C8
distribution on the right side. Physical examination revealed light touch discrepancy behind the
right elbow into the forearm. Though Dr. Shuff initially diagnosed these symptoms as a new onset
of C8 radiculopathy, they are the same symptoms which later led both Dr. Shuff and Dr. Koester
to diagnose cubital tunnel syndrome and brachial plexus injury. The Office of Judges further found
that while there is evidence to suggest that Ms. Danford’s right upper extremity conditions were
aggravated by the compensable injury, a non-compensable pre-existing injury cannot be added as
a compensable component of a claim merely because it may have been aggravated by a
compensable injury. Gill v. City of Charleston, 236 W. Va. 737, 783 S.E.2d 857 (2016). The Office
of Judges found that Drs. Bachwitt and Short concluded that Ms. Danford’s right arm symptoms
predated the compensable injury. Additionally, Drs. Bachwitt, Short, and Mukkamala all opined
that the compensable injury resulted in nothing more than a cervical strain. Their opinions were
determined to be consistent with the medical evidence of record. The Board of Review adopted
the findings of fact and conclusions of law of the Office of Judges and affirmed its Order on
November 21, 2016.
After review, we agree with the reasoning and conclusions of the Office of Judges as
affirmed by the Board of Review. Ms. Danford’s right upper extremity symptoms clearly predated
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the compensable injury as is evidenced by Dr. Shuff’s treatment notes. Though the conditions may
have been aggravated by the compensable injury, the addition of cubital tunnel syndrome and
brachial plexus nerve injury to the claim was properly denied.
For the foregoing reasons, we find that the decision of the Board of Review is not in clear
violation of any constitutional or statutory provision, nor is it clearly the result of erroneous
conclusions of law, nor is it based upon a material misstatement or mischaracterization of the
evidentiary record. Therefore, the decision of the Board of Review is affirmed.
Affirmed.
ISSUED: September 15, 2017
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin J. Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
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