MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Sep 28 2017, 8:55 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Stephen T. Owens Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Public Defender of Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
John Pinnow George P. Sherman
Deputy Public Defender Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Paula Lynn Tackett, September 28, 2017
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
35A02-1704-PC-888
v. Appeal from the Huntington
Superior Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Jeffrey R.
Appellee-Plaintiff. Heffelfinger, Judge Pro Tem
Trial Court Cause No.
35D01-1309-PC-14
Najam, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1704-PC-888 | September 28, 2017 Page 1 of 9
Statement of the Case
[1] Paula Tackett appeals from the post-conviction court’s denial of her petition for
post-conviction relief. Tackett raises two issues for our review:
1. Whether she was denied the effective assistance of trial
counsel.
2. Whether she was denied the effective assistance of
appellate counsel.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] The facts underlying Tackett’s convictions were stated by this court on direct
appeal:
On October 25, 2011, a family case manager for the Huntington
County department of child services investigated allegations of a
minor child being left home alone and the manufacture and use
of methamphetamine by the minor’s parents. When the family
case manager arrived at the residence, she found a note pinned
on the front door which read “Don’t bother Knocking[.] Junior
has left town and [S.T.] is not having company. Please Don’t
Disturb. Go Away.” (State’s Ex. No. 2). Although there were
lights on inside the house, a television was playing, and dogs
were barking, no one opened the door. The following day, the
family case manager received a phone call from Tackett,
informing the case manager that she and her minor child, S.T.,
were at a hotel about an hour away.
Meanwhile, police had obtained a search warrant for the
residence. During the search, police officers discovered several
of the ingredients used to manufacture methamphetamine,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1704-PC-888 | September 28, 2017 Page 2 of 9
including lye, used cold medicine packs, a baggie containing
lithium strips, tubing, and several bottles which had been used as
generators and reaction vessels. Based on the number of
reactionary vessels located, the officers determined that eight
separate meth labs had been created inside the residence. The
officers also found mail addressed to Tackett.
On October 28, 2011, Indiana State Police Detective Shane Jones
(Detective Jones) interviewed Tackett. Tackett admitted that her
husband, Raymond Tackett, Jr. (Raymond) manufactured
methamphetamine because they needed money. They lived
together in the residence and Tackett had witnessed Raymond
cooking methamphetamine in the house. She stated that she had
purchased lye for Raymond at a local hardware store which he
had used to manufacture methamphetamine. Detective Jones
also reviewed the pharmacy log of the local Wal-Mart, which
showed that Tackett had purchased pseudoephedrine on
September 18, 2011, October 7, 2011, and October 22, 2011.
On October 28, 2011, the State filed an Information charging
Tackett with Count I, dealing in methamphetamine, [as] a Class
A felony, Ind. Code § 35-48-1-1(b)(3)(B)(ii). On March 28, 2011,
the State amended the charging Information and added Count II,
conspiracy to commit dealing, [as] a Class B felony, I.C. §§ 35-
41-5-2; 48-4-1.1(b)(3)(B)(iii). On April 18 through April 19,
2012, the trial court conducted a jury trial. At the close of the
evidence, Tackett was found guilty as charged. On May 22,
2012, during a sentencing hearing, the trial court sentenced
Tackett to thirty years on Count I and ten years on Count II,
with sentences to run concurrently.
On May 23, 2012, Tackett filed a notice of appeal. On August 6,
2012, she filed a motion to stay appeal and remand, which we
granted ten days later. On October 15, 2012, Tackett filed a
motion to certify her statement of evidence in the trial court.
This statement of evidence, verified by Tackett’s trial counsel,
noted that Tackett “wore a dark blue jail uniform on both days of
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1704-PC-888 | September 28, 2017 Page 3 of 9
her trial, as she was in custody during the trial.” (Appellant’s
App. p. 81C). The statement also indicated that “[t]here was no
objection to this either on the record, at sidebar, in chambers, or
at any other time during the course of this proceeding.”
(Appellant’s App. p. 81C). On November 7, 2012, the trial court
denied Tackett’s motion to certify statement of evidence because
“[t]he statement is not evidence and is an attempt by [Tackett] to
certify allegations that are outside of the official record of the
proceedings.” (Appellant’s App. p. 81E).
Tackett v. State, No. 35A05-1205-CR-267, 2013 WL 782404, at *1-*2 (Ind. Ct.
App. Feb. 27, 2013) (“Tackett I”).
[4] In her direct appeal, Tackett alleged that her sentence was inappropriate in light
of the nature of the offenses and her character, and she challenged the trial
court’s denial of her motion to certify her statement of evidence. We affirmed
her sentence and held that the trial court’s denial of her motion to certify was
not reviewable on appeal.
[5] In her petition for post-conviction relief, Tackett alleged that she was denied the
effective assistance of both trial and appellate counsel. After an evidentiary
hearing, the post-conviction court entered detailed and well-reasoned findings
of fact and conclusions of law denying her petition for relief. This appeal
ensued.
Discussion and Decision
[6] Tackett appeals the post-conviction court’s denial of her petition for post-
conviction relief. Our standard of review is clear:
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1704-PC-888 | September 28, 2017 Page 4 of 9
The petitioner in a post-conviction proceeding bears the burden
of establishing grounds for relief by a preponderance of the
evidence. Fisher v. State, 810 N.E.2d 674, 679 (Ind. 2004)
(citations omitted). When appealing the denial of post-
conviction relief, the petitioner stands in the position of one
appealing from a negative judgment. Id. To prevail on appeal
from the denial of post-conviction relief, a petitioner must show
that the evidence as a whole leads unerringly and unmistakably
to a conclusion opposite that reached by the post-conviction
court. Weatherford v. State, 619 N.E.2d 915, 917 (Ind. 1993).
Further, the post-conviction court in this case made findings of
fact and conclusions of law in accordance with Indiana Post-
Conviction Rule 1(6). Although we do not defer to the post-
conviction court’s legal conclusions, “[a] post-conviction court’s
findings and judgment will be reversed only upon a showing of
clear error—that which leaves us with a definite and firm
conviction that a mistake has been made.” Ben-Yisrayl v. State,
729 N.E.2d 102, 106 (Ind. 2000) (internal quotation omitted).
Campbell v. State, 19 N.E.3d 271, 273-74 (Ind. 2014) (alteration original to
Campbell).
Issue One: Effectiveness of Trial Counsel
[7] Tackett first argues that she received ineffective assistance from her trial
counsel:
When evaluating an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, we
apply the two-part test articulated in Strickland v. Washington, 466
U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984). See Helton v.
State, 907 N.E.2d 1020, 1023 (Ind. 2009). To satisfy the first
prong, “the defendant must show deficient performance:
representation that fell below an objective standard of
reasonableness, committing errors so serious that the defendant
did not have the ‘counsel’ guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment.”
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1704-PC-888 | September 28, 2017 Page 5 of 9
McCary v. State, 761 N.E.2d 389, 392 (Ind. 2002) (citing
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687-88, 104 S. Ct. 2052). To satisfy the
second prong, “the defendant must show prejudice: a reasonable
probability (i.e. a probability sufficient to undermine confidence
in the outcome) that, but for counsel’s errors, the result of the
proceeding would have been different.” Id. (citing Strickland, 466
U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. 2052).
Id. at 274.
[8] Tackett alleges that her trial counsel committed two errors, namely, his failure
to object to Tackett being tried while wearing jail clothing and his failure to
object to alleged hearsay. We address each contention in turn.
Jail Clothing
[9] In Lyda v. State, 395 N.E.2d 776, 783 (Ind. 1979), our Supreme Court held as
follows:
In Estelle v. Williams, (1976) 425 U.S. 501, 96 S. Ct. 1691, 48
L.Ed.2d 126, the Supreme Court of the United States held that it
was reversible error for a state to compel a person to be tried in
identifiable prison clothing. Here the record clearly shows that
the defendant was not compelled by the trial court to wear jail
attire. The defendant had the option. He chose not to wear his regular
civilian clothes because of the condition they were in, but he does not
claim that other clothing was not available to him for trial. Defendant
did not assert to the trial court or here on appeal that because of
his economic condition he was unable to obtain any other
clothing and was therefore forced to wear the jail attire.
Furthermore, the trial court here admonished the jurors not to
consider defendant’s clothing or appearance in their
deliberations. We therefore do not feel that defendant has
demonstrated reversible error on this issue.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1704-PC-888 | September 28, 2017 Page 6 of 9
(Emphasis added).
[10] Here, during trial, Tackett wore jail-issued clothing that consisted of a navy
blue shirt with the letters “HCJ”1 on the back and plain navy blue pants. The
evidence shows that, one week before trial, Tackett’s trial counsel instructed her
to have someone get her clothes to wear at trial. The post-conviction court
found that Tackett was unable to get anyone to bring her clothes to wear for
trial, and the undisputed evidence shows that she had gained weight while in
jail and could not fit into the jeans she had been wearing when she was
arrested. But Tackett makes no contention that she could not have worn the
shirt she was wearing at the time she was arrested or that it was unavailable to
her. As the post-conviction court found, Tackett “could have worn the navy
blue jail pants . . . with the shirt she had been arrested in.” Appellant’s App.
Vol. 2 at 77. Tackett has not demonstrated that she was compelled to wear the
navy blue shirt with the initials “HCJ” on the back of it during trial. And while
the jail-issued shirt was arguably identifiable as jail garb, the plain navy blue
pants were not. In light of that evidence, Tackett has not shown that she was
compelled to wear the jail-issued clothing, and she has not shown reversible
error. See Lyda, 395 N.E.2d at 783.
[11] Further, because Tackett admitted to Detective Shane Jones that she knew her
husband had been manufacturing methamphetamine in their home and that she
1
HCJ stands for Huntington County Jail.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1704-PC-888 | September 28, 2017 Page 7 of 9
had purchased ingredients for him to use in that manufacture, the probable
impact on the jury of the jail clothing was sufficiently minor so as not to affect
her substantial rights, and any error was harmless. Ind. Appellate Rule 66.
Tackett has not shown that she was prejudiced by her trial counsel’s failure to
object to her wearing jail clothing at trial. See, e.g., Brown v. State, 24 N.E.3d
529, 534 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) (holding defendant failed to show that defense
counsel’s deficient performance prejudiced him because the error was harmless
in light of the other evidence presented at trial).
Hearsay
[12] Tackett also contends that her trial counsel erred when he did not object to
Detective Jones’ testimony that a “person” had “reported there was
manufacturing of methamphetamine going on” in Tackett’s home. Trial Tr.
Vol. 8 at 116. But, again, in light of Tackett’s own admission that her husband
was manufacturing methamphetamine in her home, Tackett cannot
demonstrate that her trial counsel’s failure to object to the alleged hearsay
testimony was reversible error or otherwise prejudiced her. App. R. 66.
Tackett has not demonstrated that she was denied the effective assistance of
trial counsel.
Issue Two: Effectiveness of Appellate Counsel
[13] Tackett also contends that she was denied the effective assistance of appellate
counsel when he failed to raise on direct appeal the issue of Tackett being tried
in jail clothing. “Ineffectiveness is very rarely found” where a defendant alleges
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1704-PC-888 | September 28, 2017 Page 8 of 9
deficient performance based on appellant counsel’s failure to raise an issue on
direct appeal. Bieghler v. State, 690 N.E.2d 188, 193 (Ind. 1997) (quotations and
alteration omitted). Indeed, here, because we hold that Tackett has not
demonstrated reversible error on the jail clothing issue, she cannot show that
she was prejudiced when her appellate counsel did not raise the issue on direct
appeal.
[14] Affirmed.
Kirsch, J., and Brown, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 35A02-1704-PC-888 | September 28, 2017 Page 9 of 9
Paula Lynn Tackett v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)
Combined Opinion