J-S50018-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: L.S.-A., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
:
:
APPEAL OF: E.S., FATHER :
:
:
:
: No. 686 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered February 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-DP-0002122-2016
BEFORE: PANELLA, MOULTON, and RANSOM, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY MOULTON, J.: FILED OCTOBER 10, 2017
E.S. (“Father”) appeals from the February 21, 2017 orders entered in
the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas granting the petition of the
Philadelphia Department of Human Services (“DHS”), adjudicating L.S.-A.
(“Child”) dependent pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 6302, and finding aggravated
circumstances.1 We affirm.
The trial court summarized the procedural and factual history as
follows:
[L.S.-A] was born [i]n March [] 2016.
On September 15, 2016, DHS received a General
Protective Services (GPS) report alleging that [C]hild,
L.S.[-A.,] was taken to Saint Christopher’s Hospital for
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Mother has filed a separate appeal at Superior Court Docket No. 750
1
EDA 2017, which we address by separate Memorandum.
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Children (SCHC) with multiple injuries. Injuries to the
child included: multi-layer retin[a]l hemorrhages, acute
subdural hematoma, unexplained brain bleeding and a
frenulum tear between his gums and lip believed to be
caused by an inflicted injury of abusive head trauma.
On September 16, 2016, DHS learned that the mother had
had her parental rights terminated as to the child’s, L.S.[-
A.]’s[,] three siblings.
On September 27, 2016[,] the child was scheduled to be
released from the hospital. DHS obtained an Order of
Protective Custody (OPC) for L.S.[-A.][2] L.S.[-A.] was
placed in a foster home through the Bethanna Agency.
On September 30, 2016, a shelter care hearing was held
before the Honorable Vincent W. Furlong. Judge Furlong
lifted the OPC and ordered the temporary commitment of
L.S.[-A.] to the care and custody of DHS.
Trial Court Opinion, 3/27/17, at 1-2 (unpaginated) (“1925(a) Op.”).
On October 4, 2016, DHS filed a dependency petition. The trial court
conducted an adjudicatory hearing on January 3, 2017 and February 10,
2017. DHS presented the testimony of Shanequa Lewis, DHS intake
investigative worker; Dr. Maria McColgan, child abuse pediatrician; L.A.,
maternal uncle; D.E.1, maternal uncle’s paramour; D.E.2, paramour’s
mother;3 and Melanie Davis, DHS intern.4 Mother and Father were present
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In its dependency order, the trial court based its findings of fact on
2
the dependency petition. Order of Adjudication and Disposition, 2/21/17.
The DHS petition states that Child was released and an OPC was obtained on
September 27, 2016. At the hearing, Ms. Lewis stated that this occurred on
September 26, 2016. N.T., 1/3/17, at 39.
3 L.A., D.E.1, and D.E.2 resided together.
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and represented by counsel, but did not testify or present evidence. At the
conclusion of the hearing on February 10, 2017, subsequent to argument,
the court held its decision under advisement. Thereafter, by order entered
February 21, 2017, the court adjudicated Child dependent pursuant to 42
Pa.C.S. § 6302 as a child “without proper parental care or control,
subsistence, education as required by law, or other care or control necessary
for his physical, mental, or emotional health, or morals.” Order of
Adjudication and Disposition – Child Dependent, 2/21/17; see also 42
Pa.C.S. § 6302 (definition of dependent child paragraph (1)). Further, by
separate order also entered February 21, 2017, the court found aggravated
circumstances, finding that “Child or another child of the parent has been
the victim of physical abuse resulting in serious bodily injury, sexual violence
or aggravated neglect by the parent; proven as to Mother and Father.” 5, 6
(Footnote Continued) _______________________
4 DHS also called Kina Sapp, the community umbrella agency case
manager to testify. Father and Mother objected, as her testimony was
irrelevant to the adjudication hearing. N.T., 2/10/17, at 91-92. The trial
court sustained the objection and informed DHS it could recall Ms. Sapp at
later proceedings if Child was adjudicated dependent. Id. at 92-93.
5 The trial court does not reference the prior terminations of parental
rights as to Mother in its aggravated circumstances order. Aggravated
Circumstances Order, 2/21/17.
6 Despite a finding of aggravated circumstances, the court ordered that
efforts were to continue to be made towards reunification. Aggravated
Circumstances Order, 2/21/17.
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Aggravated Circumstances Order, 2/21/17; see 42 Pa.C.S. § 6302 (defining
“aggravated circumstances” paragraph (2)).7
On February 21, 2017, Father filed a timely notice of appeal, along
with a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).8 The trial court filed its opinion pursuant to
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) on March 27, 2017.9
On appeal, Father raises the following issues for our review:
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7The court’s orders finding Child dependent and finding aggravated
circumstances did not include a finding of “child abuse” pursuant to 23
Pa.C.S. § 6303(b.1). Although the trial court stated at the hearing that it
found “child abuse” existed, N.T., 2/21/17, at 5, the court did not include a
finding of child abuse under section 6303 in either its adjudication order or
its aggravated circumstances order. Order of Adjudication and Disposition –
Child Dependent, 2/21/17. Rather, the trial court found “physical abuse” as
an aggravating circumstance under section 6302. The parties in their briefs
and the trial court in its Rule 1925(a) opinion discuss section 6303.
However, because the trial court did not include a finding of child abuse
under section 6303 in its final orders, any challenge to such a finding cannot
be addressed on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 341 (an appeal may be taken from
an order entered as a final order).
8Noting that counsel for Father failed to file a brief on or before May
15, 2017 as previously ordered, this Court, by order dated May 18, 2017,
remanded the matter to the trial court to determine whether counsel had
abandoned Father and take further action as necessary to protect Father’s
appellate rights. By order dated May 24, 2017, as counsel had filed a brief
on behalf of Father on May 23, 2017, this Court vacated the remand order.
By separate order dated May 24, 2017, this Court additionally denied as
moot counsel for Father’s motion for reconsideration as to the remand order.
The trial court addressed both Mother’s and Father’s appeals in the
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same opinion.
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1. Whether the Court erred in finding that Father either
directly or by neglect caused the child’s injuries as DHS
failed to prove by “clear and convincing evidence” that
Father either directly or by neglect caused the child’s
injuries, as required by 42 Pa.C.S.[] § 6302?
2. Whether the Court erred in determining that aggravated
circumstances exist against Father as DHS failed to
prove by “clear and convincing evidence” that Father
either directly or by neglect caused the child’s injuries,
as required by 42 Pa.C.S.[] § 6302?
3. Whether the adjudication of dependency should be
reversed where the City of Philadelphia failed to prove
by clear and convincing evidence that the child was
presently without proper parental care and control?
Father’s Br. at 7 (unnecessary capitalization and emphasis removed).
Our standard of review for dependency cases is as follows:
[T]he standard of review in dependency cases requires an
appellate court to accept the findings of fact and credibility
determinations of the trial court if they are supported by
the record, but does not require the appellate court to
accept the lower court’s inferences or conclusions of law.
Accordingly, we review for an abuse of discretion.
In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010); see also In re L.Z., 111 A.3d
1164, 1174 (Pa. 2015). “The trial court is free to believe all, part, or none
of the evidence presented, and is likewise free to make all credibility
determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence.” In re M.G., 855 A.2d
68, 73-74 (Pa.Super. 2004) (quoting In re Diaz, 669 A.2d 372, 375
(Pa.Super. 1995)).
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In his first and third issues, Father challenges the trial court’s finding
that Child was without proper care and control and the finding of
dependency.10 Father contests the trial court’s reliance on Dr. McColgan’s
testimony that Child’s injuries were “highly suspicious of, if not diagnostic
of[,] inflicted head trauma,” as well the prior terminations of Mother’s
parental rights to her other children.11 Father’s Br. at 19. Father argues,
An adjudication of dependency must be supported by clear
and convincing evidence, meaning that the evidence is “so
clear, direct, weighty and convincing as to enable the trier
of fact to come to a clear conviction, without hesitancy, of
truth of the precise facts at issue.” Here, the adjudication
of dependency cannot withstand such scrutiny.
Id. We disagree.
This Court has stated:
[T]o adjudicate a child dependent, a trial court must
determine, by clear and convincing evidence, that the
child:
is without proper parental care or control,
subsistence, education as required by law, or
other care or control necessary for his physical,
mental, or emotional health, or morals. A
determination that there is a lack of proper
parental care or control may be based upon
evidence of conduct by the parent, guardian or
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10To the extent Father raises a claim under section 6303, we will not
review it, as the trial court did not enter a finding of “child abuse” under
section 6303. See supra n. 6.
Review of the trial court’s opinion suggests that the termination of
11
parental rights as to Mother’s other children was not a factor as to
dependency. 1925(a) Op. at 2-4 (unpaginated).
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other custodian that places the health, safety
or welfare of the child at risk.
42 Pa.C.S.[] § 6302. “Clear and convincing” evidence has
been defined as testimony that is “so clear, direct,
weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of facts to
come to a clear conviction, without hesitancy, of the truth
of the precise facts in issue.” In re C.R.S., 696 A.2d 840,
843 (Pa.Super. 1997) (citation omitted).
In accordance with the overarching purpose of the Juvenile
Act “[t]o preserve the unity of the family wherever
possible,” see 42 Pa.C.S.[] § 6301(b)(1), “a child will only
be declared dependent when he is presently without
proper parental care and when such care is not
immediately available.” In re R.T., [] 592 A.2d 55, 57
([Pa.Super.] 1991) (citation omitted). This Court has
defined “proper parental care” as “that care which (1) is
geared to the particularized needs of the child and (2) at a
minimum, is likely to prevent serious injury to the child.”
In re C.R.S., supra at 845 (citation omitted).
In re A.B., 63 A.3d 345, 349 (Pa.Super. 2013).
In adjudicating Child dependent, the trial court concluded:
In the instant case, Dr. Maria McColgan, an expert in child
protection and child abuse, testified that she examined
L.S.[-A.] at SCHC on September 16, 2016. L.S.[-A.] was
five months old. Dr. McColgan observed that the child was
agitated and fussy. He had a frenulum tear which is a tear
to the tissue between the lips and gums. Additionally, the
child presented with a bulging fontanelle, the soft spot on
top of the head. The bulging indicated that there was
increase[d] pressure in the fluid around the brain or in the
brain itself. After several tests including a [CAT] scan,
MRI, and x-rays, the child was diagnosed with a subdural
hemorrhage, bilateral retinal hemorrhages and a frenulum
tear. Furthermore, the child required neurosurgery to
relieve the pressure in his brain. Moreover, the child had a
drain placed into his head. The drain was necessary to
help alleviate the pressure to the brain and to enable the
brain to heal.
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Dr. McColgan testified that the injuries may have been the
result of one incident or multiple incidents. There were
indications that the child had symptoms prior to
September 15, 2016. On September 10, 2016, the child
was taken to Einstein [H]ospital because he was vomiting
and not feeding well.[12] Vomiting is a symptom of
increased pressure in the head. Dr. McColgan was
concerned that the previous episode of vomiting was
caused by the pressure to the brain since there was no
other medical reason to explain it. At SCHC, the child
continued to suffer episodes of vomiting. Dr. McColgan
testified that additional testing was ordered to determine if
there were any underlying medical reasons for the brain
injury. The results were negative – there were no
underlying medical reasons for the brain injury.
Additionally, the doctor testified that the injuries were NOT
the result of accidental trauma. The doctor concluded that
the injuries were the result of child abuse.
The DHS investigative worker testified that on September
15, 2016 the mother took the child to the home of his
maternal uncle. The mother and father were working and
the uncle’s paramour was babysitting. The maternal uncle,
his paramour, and the paramour’s mother were present in
the home. The mother placed the child on a bed. She
informed the paramour that the child was asleep and the
mother left. Approximately ninety minutes later, the
paramour went to feed the child. The child was crying,
appeared limp and very pale. The paramedics arrived and
transported the child to the hospital. The DHS
investigative worker stated that throughout the
investigation the paramour, the maternal uncle and the
paramour’s mother were cooperative with her and
consistent with their statements. Furthermore, the
paramour, the uncle and the paramour’s mother testified
at the dependency hearing and their statements were
consistent with those previously given to the DHS worker.
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12There is conflicting evidence as to the date Child was taken to
Einstein Hospital; however, it appears it was somewhere between
September 10 and September 12.
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The DHS worker testified that the mother and father made
inconsistent statements throughout the investigation. The
mother and father were inconsistent regarding the number
of caregivers for the child, the timeline for the admission
to Einstein Hospital and their recollection of events.
Furthermore, the mother and the father denied having
other children to the DHS social worker. The DHS worker
learned that the father has adult children and the mother
has three other children. Moreover, on June 11, 2012 the
mother had her [parental] rights terminated for two of her
children. On May 5, 2014, the mother had her parental
rights terminated for the third child.[13] The DHS
investigation concluded that the perpetrators of the child
abuse were the mother and father.
1925(a) Op. at 2-4 (unpaginated) (citations to record omitted).
Upon careful review of the record, we conclude that the evidence
supports the trial court’s finding of a lack of parental care and control and
the finding of dependency. We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion when it adjudicated Child dependent
Father also argues the trial court erred in finding aggravated
circumstances. Father argues that the trial court erred by finding
aggravated circumstances for Father as a perpetrator of physical abuse,
suggesting that he took appropriate actions as necessary and that there is
no evidence of wrongdoing. Father’s Br. at 17-18. Again, we disagree.
Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 6341(c.1):
(c.1) Aggravated circumstances.--If the county
agency or the child’s attorney alleges the existence of
aggravated circumstances and the court determines that
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13 See DHS Exhibit 1.
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the child is dependent, the court shall also determine if
aggravated circumstances exist. If the court finds from
clear and convincing evidence that aggravated
circumstances exist, the court shall determine whether or
not reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the need for
removing the child from the home or to preserve and
reunify the family shall be made or continue to be made
and schedule a hearing as required in section 6351(e)(3)
(relating to disposition of dependent child).
“Aggravated circumstances” are defined by 42 Pa.C.S. § 6302, in part,
as:
Any of the following circumstances:
...
(2) The child or another child of the parent has been
the victim of physical abuse resulting in serious bodily
injury, sexual violence or aggravated physical neglect by a
parent.
...
(5) The parental rights of the parent have been
involuntarily terminated with respect to a child of the
parent.”
42 Pa.C.S. § 6302. In turn, “serious bodily injury” is defined as “[b]odily
injury which creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious,
permanent disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of
any bodily member or organ.” Id. Further, “aggravated physical neglect”
is defined as “[a]ny omission in the care of a child which results in a life-
threatening condition or seriously impairs the child's functioning.” Id.
Moreover, as we stated in In re R.P.: “The court need not find the
existence of aggravated circumstances as to a particular party; rather, it
merely must determine whether they are present in the case. This is so . . .
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because the focus is not on the rights of the [p]arents; instead, the
children’s safety, permanence, and well-being take precedence.” 957 A.2d
1205, 1219 (Pa.Super. 2008).
In supporting the finding of aggravated circumstances the trial court
stated “due to the extensive injuries and physical trauma to the child – the
Trial Court found that aggravated circumstances . . . exist to the mother and
father.” 1925(a) Op. at 5 (unpaginated).
The evidence discussed above, including that the medical expert
opined that Child suffered “inflicted traumatic brain injury or physical
abuse,” N.T., 2/10/17, at 11, 36, requiring neurosurgery and the placement
of a drain to relieve the pressure on the brain, id. at 9, 11-12, supports a
finding of aggravated circumstances based upon physical abuse to Child.
See 42 Pa.C.S. § 6302. We conclude the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in finding aggravated circumstances.
Orders affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/10/2017
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