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2016-SC-000292-MR [5) IA~ [E ii O)i&,J tJ J.2,~ '4J_"'°,,, De
DENNIS SILLS APPELLANT
ON APPEAL FROM CHRISTIAN CIRCUIT COURT
v. HONORABLE ANDREW C. SELF, JUDGE
NO. 13-CR-00675
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY APPELLEE
MEMORANDUM OPINION OF THE COURT
AFFIRMING
A Christian Count.Y jury found Dennis Sills guilty of murder. Consistent
with the jury's sentencing recommendations, the trial court fixed his sentence
at thirty-five years' imprisonment.
·Sills now appeals as a matter of right, Kentucky Constitution§ l 10(2)(b),
arguing .that the trial court erred by admitting improper evidence of his prior
· bad acts. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the trial court ...
I. BACKGROUND
Dennis Sills and Lisa Roach began dating in 2009. After about a year
together, the two began to fight, and their relationship was on-again-off-again.
. .
.Over the_ next three years, Sills physically abused Roach and stated on multiple
occasions that he would kill her. In August 2013, Roach fled the Hopkinsville
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mobile home that she and her two children shared with Sills and moved to
Mississippi. Two months later, on October 11, 2013, she returned in order to
transfer ~itle of property that remained in Kentucky. That night, Sills's
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neighbor, Phillis Gardner, heard Sills yell, "I need your help, Miss Phillis. I
need you, you've got to help me!" When she went to his mobile home and
asked hirri wh.at was wrong, he replied,'"I've done shot Lisa."
Gardner testified that when she and. her daughter arrived at Sills's
mobile home, Sills told them, "Well, she bit me," and showed the women a bite
mark on his chest and a bloody bite· mark on his wrist. Gardner approached'
·Sills's front door, where she saw Lisa Roach's body lying on the-floor. Gardner
told her daughter to call 911. While waiting for emergency services, Sills
admitted to Gardner and her. daughter that he shot Roach with his rifle. Sills
also left multiple messages on his employer's answering machine admitting
that he had killed Roach. When police arrived; they fo1:1nd Roach dead with
bullet wounds to the back of her head, her chest, and her right flank. Upon
searching the mobile home, police found a .22 caliber rifle and two .22 caliber
"spent" shell casings. This was the weapon determined to have been used by
Sills to shoot Roach. No other weapons were discovered at the scene. Sills was
charged with murder, and these proceedings commenced. We set forth
additional facts as necessary below.
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II. ANALYSIS
. A. The trial court did not err by admitting evidence of Sills's prior .
instances of domestic violence.
Prior to trial, the Commonwealth provided notice to Sills's counsel,
pursuant to Kentucky Rule of Evidence (KRE) 404(c), that it intended to
introduce KRE 404(b) evidence of other crimes, wrongs, and acts. KRE 404(b)
provides, in pertinent part:
Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissibl~ to prove the
character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It
may, however, be admissible:
(1) If off~red for some other purpose, such as proof of motive,
opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or
absence of mistake or accident; . . . .
At a pretrial conference,
. .
Sills objected to all of the Commonwealth's
. KRE 404(b)
evidence, and the trial court overruled that objection. We review the trial
court's application of KRE 404(b) for an abuse of discretion. Driver v.
Commonwealth, 361S.W.3d877, 883 (Ky. 2012).
The Commonwealth introduced evidence at trial that, at some· time
during their relationship--which began in 2009 and e:qded in .2013-Sills:
grabbed Roach by the arm, leaving bruises; 1 grabbed her by the throat; broke a
beer bottle on a table in front of Roach to scare her; tripped Roach and v~rbally
abused her; and jumped on Roach, while holding a gun to her head. Sills
argues, based on this Court's decision in Barnes v. Commonwealth, 794 S.W.2d
1 At trial, only this instance was dated, having occurred on New Year's Eve,
2010.. .
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165 (Ky. 1990), that the trial court's decision to admit the preceding evidence
was in error.
In Barnes, this Court held that the trial court erred by admitting
evidence that the defendant had hit his wife_ seven years before killing her, and.
had grab bed her and dragged her down an alley four years before killing her'.
Id. at 169 .. There, we reasoned that "[a]cts of physical violence, remote in time,
prove little with regard to intent, motive, plan or scheme; have little relevance
. other than establishment of a general disposition to commit such acts; and the
prejudice far outweighs any probative value in such evidence." Id. The present
matter is distinguishable from Barnes. As we noted in Driver; "Barnes does not
suggest that there is any demarcation point by which remoteness is to be
judged." 361 S.W.3d at 884. Thus, the fact that Sills's prior acts occurre~
sometime during the four years before he murdered Roach is not dispositive.
In order for evidence to be admissible at trial, it must be relevant. KRE
402. Evidence is relevant if it has "any tendency to make the existence of any
fact that is of consequence to the determination bf the action more probable or
less probable than it would be without the evidence." KRE 401. "Although
relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially
outweighed by the danger of undue prejudice .... " KRE 403. Sills's and
Roach's entire relationship lasted four years, and the abusive behavior
occurred throughout the last three years of their relationship. Sills's defense
. .
was that he acted iri self-defense. Evidence of his abuse of Roach was, thus,
relevant to show intent and that he did not act in self-defense. Because these
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acts of abuse occurred relatively close in time to the murder, and at least one
_involved threatening use of a gun, we carinot say, as a matter of law, that the
prejudicial effect outweighed the evidence's probative value. Therefore,we hold
that the trial court's admission_ of evidence. of Sills's prior instances of domestic
violence was not erroneous.
B. The ·trial court did not err by admitting evidence of threats Sills made
to Roach. ·
In addition to the above-noted instances of domestic violence, the
Commonwealth elicited testimony that Sills, had threatened to kill Roach on
numerous occasions. At a New Year's Eve party in 2010, Sills stated.that, "One_
day, I'm going to have to kill that bitch." Roach's son testified that he heard
Sills tell his mother, "I'm going to have to kill you one day." In another
instance, Sills told Roach that he would kill her ifshe ever left him.
"Generally, evidence of prio! threats and animosity of the defendant
against the victim is admissible as evidence of motive, intent or identity.~ ... "
Davis v. Common1:1Jealth, 147 S.W.3d 709, 722 (Ky. 2004). "It has long been a
rule in this jurisdiction tha~ threats against the victim of a crime are probative
of the defendant's motive and intent to commit the crime .... " Sherroan v.
Commonwealth, 142 S.W.3d 7, 18 (Ky. 2004). We noted above ·that Sills
claimed that he acted in self-defense. As with evidence of physical abuse,
evidence of Sills's prior threats demonstrated intent and was relevant to refut~
his claim of self-defense .. An analysis ur:ider_ KRE 404(b) "will be left to the trial
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court's sound discretion depending upon the facts of the individual case."
Driver, 361 S.W.3d at 884. We discern no abuse of that discretion, and hold
that the trial court's ruling was
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not in error.
III. CONCLUSION
. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Christian Circuit Court in
this matter is affirmed;
All sitting. All concur.
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT:
Robert Chung-Hua Yang
·Assistant Public Advocate
· Department of Pliblic Advocacy
COUNS~L FOR APPELLEE:
Andy Beshear
Attorney General of Kentucky
Micah Brandon Roberts
Assistant Attorney General
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