[Cite as In re C.C., 2017-Ohio-8620.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA )
IN RE: C.C. C.A. Nos. 17CA0008-M
L.C. 17CA0009-M
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
CASE Nos. 2011 08 DE 0029
2013 03 DE 0005
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: November 20, 2017
TEODOSIO, Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Medina County Job and Family Services (“MCJFS”), appeals from a
judgment of the Medina County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, that denied its
motion to change the dispositional placement of two minor children from planned permanent
living arrangements to permanent custody. This Court affirms.
I.
{¶2} Patricia A. (“Mother”) is the mother of L.C., born March 29, 2001; and C.C., born
July 20, 2002. Mother has other children who remain in her custody and are not parties to this
appeal. The children’s father did not make an appearance at the permanent custody hearing and
did not file a brief in this appeal.
{¶3} C.C. has struggled with mental health and behavioral problems for most of his life
and began receiving mental health treatment before MCJFS became involved with this family.
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C.C. came into MCJFS custody during 2011 because his mental health and behavioral problems
had continued to escalate and he posed a safety threat to himself and others in Mother’s home.
C.C. was adjudicated a dependent child and placed in the temporary custody of MCJFS.
{¶4} Despite ongoing treatment, C.C.’s mental health and behavioral problems were
not stabilized and he could not safely be returned home. He was placed in a planned permanent
living arrangement (“PPLA”) at the end of 2012. He has lived in different foster homes,
residential mental health facilities, group homes, and a juvenile detention facility since that time.
Most recently, he had been living in the same group home treatment facility for several years and
was making progress toward stabilizing his mental health and behavior.
{¶5} L.C.’s mental health and behavioral problems escalated after C.C. was removed
from the family’s home. He came into MCJFS custody during 2013, after he had been involved
in multiple delinquency cases and Mother feared for the safety of the other family members in
the home. Mental health treatment did not resolve the threat that L.C. posed to others and
himself, so he was placed in a PPLA during February 2014.
{¶6} L.C. has also been placed in several different mental health treatment facilities.
He was eventually placed at the same group home facility as C.C., but would soon be transferred
to a more secure facility because he had repeatedly threatened to harm himself and others there.
{¶7} The trial court conducted annual hearings to review the continued appropriateness
of the children’s PPLA placements. See R.C. 2151.417(C). During September 2015, the trial
court reviewed their placements and again ordered that the children continue in PPLA
placements because of their serious mental health and behavioral problems and their bond with
Mother. At the time that each child was placed in a PPLA placement, they qualified under
former R.C. 2151.353(A)(5)(a) because the agency requested the PPLA placements, their mental
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health problems prevented them from being able to live in a family-like setting and required
them to remain in residential or institutional care for the foreseeable future, and the trial court
determined that a PPLA placement was in their best interest. At that time, although the other
two subsections of R.C. 2151.353(A)(5) required that the child be at least 16 years old to be
placed in a PPLA, R.C. 2151.353(A)(5)(a) did not include an age requirement for the child.
{¶8} On July 5, 2016, MCJFS filed a motion to modify the children’s PPLA
placements to permanent custody. It alleged numerous grounds for permanent custody, all
premised on its understanding that the children did not meet the new age criteria for PPLA
placements. The agency would later explain that a change in federal law and a pending change
in Ohio law that would become effective on September 13, 2016, would require that any child be
at least 16 years old to be placed in a PPLA. See R.C. 2151.353(A)(5). Because C.C. and L.C.
were not yet 16 years old, MCJFS believed that they no longer qualified for PPLA placement.
{¶9} Without seeking a legal determination from the trial court about whether the
upcoming change in Ohio law would disqualify these children from remaining in PPLA
placements, MCJFS proceeded with its permanent custody motion. Instead of holding a PPLA
review hearing, the trial court scheduled the case for a permanent custody hearing.
{¶10} Following the permanent custody hearing, the trial court found that the children
had been in MCJFS custody for more than 12 months of a consecutive 22-month period, but that
permanent custody was not in their best interest. Consequently, it denied the agency’s motion
for permanent custody. MCJFS appeals, raising one assignment of error.
{¶11} After requiring briefing by the parties regarding whether MCJFS has appealed
from a final, appealable order, this Court provisionally found that we had jurisdiction to consider
the merits of the appeal. The parties have raised no additional grounds or arguments in their
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appellate briefs to cause this Court to revisit its preliminary finding of jurisdiction.
Consequently, this Court will address the merits of the agency’s assignment of error.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN DENYING THE
AGENCY’S MOTION FOR A MODIFICATION OF DISPOSITION FROM
[PPLA] TO PERMANENT CUSTODY.
{¶12} The agency’s sole assignment of error challenges the trial court’s decision to deny
its motion for permanent custody. This Court begins its review by emphasizing that, although
the parties dispute whether the statutory addition of a minimum age requirement for all PPLA
placement applies to these children, that dispute will not be resolved in this appeal. MCJFS did
not seek a determination of that issue from the trial court, nor did the trial court answer that legal
question. Moreover, the agency relied on a change in federal law and an upcoming change in
Ohio law. The authority of a juvenile court in abuse, dependency, and neglect cases is not
controlled by federal legislation but is strictly governed by the comprehensive statutory scheme
set forth in R.C. Chapter 2151. See, e.g., In re S.R., 9th Dist. Summit No. 27209, 2014-Ohio-
2749, ¶ 35. The dispositional authority of the juvenile court to place children who have been
adjudicated abused, neglected, and/or dependent is governed by R.C. 2151.353. The relevant
amendment to R.C. 2151.353(A)(5) did not become effective until months after MCJFS filed its
permanent custody motion. The issue of whether the upcoming change in Ohio law affected the
PPLA placements of these children was not before the trial court because “‘a motion for
permanent custody must allege grounds that currently exist.’” In re C.W., 104 Ohio St.3d 163,
2004-Ohio-6411, ¶ 24, quoting In re K.G., 9th Dist. Wayne Nos. 03CA0066, 03CA0067, and
03CA0068, 2004-Ohio-1421, ¶ 13.
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{¶13} The sole issue before this Court on appeal is whether the trial court erred in
concluding that MCJFS failed to present clear and convincing evidence to establish grounds for
permanent custody of C.C. and L.C. Before a juvenile court may terminate parental rights and
award permanent custody of children to a proper moving agency it must find clear and
convincing evidence of both prongs of the permanent custody test: (1) that the children are
abandoned; orphaned; have been in the temporary custody of the agency for at least 12 months of
a consecutive 22-month period; they or another child in a parent’s custody have been adjudicated
abused, neglected, or dependent on three separate occasions; or they cannot be placed with either
parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with either parent, based on an analysis
under R.C. 2151.414(E); and (2) that the grant of permanent custody to the agency is in the best
interest of the children, based on an analysis under R.C. 2151.414(D). See R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)
and 2151.414(B)(2); see also In re William S., 75 Ohio St.3d 95, 99 (1996).
{¶14} Although MCJFS alleged multiple grounds under the first prong of the permanent
custody test, the trial court limited its finding to the fact that the children had been in the custody
of MCJFS for more than 12 months of a consecutive 22-month period. See R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(d). Although the parties do not challenge the propriety of that finding, R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(d) requires that the children remain in the “temporary” custody of an agency for
at least 12 of 22 months. By definition, the children’s PPLA placements were dispositional
orders that gave MCJFS “legal custody” of the children, not “temporary custody.” See former
R.C. 2151.011(B)(38)(a). This Court has questioned whether time in a PPLA placement
qualifies as time spent in the agency’s temporary custody for purposes of R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(d). See In re J.R., 9th Dist. Wayne No. 15AP0014, 2015-Ohio-3280, ¶ 10.
Nevertheless, because this is a review of the trial court’s denial of permanent custody, which the
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trial court supported with its best interest determination, we need not address the propriety of its
“12 of 22” finding in this appeal.
{¶15} The trial court denied the motion for permanent custody because it found that
permanent custody was not in the best interest of C.C. or L.C. When determining the children’s
best interest under R.C. 2151.414(D), the juvenile court must consider all relevant factors,
including the interaction and interrelationships of the children, their wishes, their custodial
history, and the need for permanence in their lives. See In re R.G., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 24834,
24850, 2009-Ohio-6284, ¶ 11.
{¶16} The evidence was not disputed that Mother had a positive relationship with both
children and that, throughout the lengthy period that each child has been placed in agency
custody, Mother remained actively involved in their cases and maintained ongoing interaction
with them. Although the children had lived in multiple different locations throughout the state,
Mother visited them regularly and spoke to their caseworker two or three times a week. At the
time of the permanent custody hearing, both boys were living in a facility in Toledo, which was a
two and one-half hour drive from Mother’s home in Medina County. Because Mother had four
other children at home, she was able to visit that facility only once a month. When either child
had resided closer to her home, Mother visited much more often.
{¶17} Mother also spoke to the boys on the telephone. The trial court heard testimony
about two recent incidents in which L.C. exhibited serious behavioral outbursts, but Mother was
able to protect his wellbeing via telephone contact. During one incident, L.C. climbed 40 feet up
a tree and threatened to hang himself. After being unable to persuade L.C. to come out of the
tree, the facility contacted Mother via telephone. Mother was able to calm him down and
persuade L.C. to come out of the tree so that he could be transported to a psychiatric crisis
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center. Another time, L.C. ran away from the facility and reached out to Mother on a pay phone.
Mother was able to determine his approximate location and contacted the police to pick him up
and bring him to safety.
{¶18} C.C. and L.C. had both consistently expressed their wishes to return to Mother’s
home. No one disputed that they could not safety return home because of their serious mental
health and behavioral problems, however. Each child had multiple mental health diagnoses and
continued to struggle with periods of serious behavioral problems during which they posed a
threat to the safety of others and/or themselves. Mental health experts agreed that C.C. and L.C.
would require ongoing therapeutic residential treatment for the foreseeable future.
{¶19} Even if the children could not be returned to Mother’s home, C.C. and L.C.
opposed permanent custody because they wanted to maintain their bond and legal relationship
with Mother. Witnesses agreed that that if C.C. and L.C. were to lose their ongoing relationship
with Mother, they would suffer grief and trauma, which would further exacerbate their mental
health and behavioral problems.
{¶20} C.C.’s guardian ad litem had been working with him for five years. He testified
that he was “adamant against” the agency’s motion for permanent custody. He believed that
C.C. should remain in a PPLA placement because it was in his best interest to stay where he was
and maintain an ongoing relationship with Mother.
{¶21} L.C.’s guardian ad litem had worked with him for four years, beginning with his
delinquency cases. He recommended permanent custody “if the law requires” such a placement.
He also emphasized that Mother should be permitted to be involved in L.C.’s life for “as long as
possible” because she has always been positively involved with him and was “the one constant in
his life.”
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{¶22} C.C. and L.C. had remained in agency custody for several years. Although they
needed permanence in their lives, there was no other option for them than to continue living in
out-of-home therapeutic placements for the foreseeable future. These children could not be
returned to Mother’s home, but they also could not be placed in a foster home or an adoptive
home. MCJFS has failed to demonstrate that the trial court erred in concluding that permanent
custody was not in the best interest of C.C. or L.C. The agency’s sole assignment of error is
overruled.
III.
{¶23} The agency’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Medina
County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
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Costs taxed to Appellant.
THOMAS A. TEODOSIO
FOR THE COURT
CARR, P. J.
CALLAHAN, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
JENNIFER A. MOORE, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
PAUL GRANT, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
JAMES ARMSTRONG, Guardian ad Litem.
KRISTOPHER AUPPERLE, Guardian ad Litem.
JEREMY SZUCS, Guardian ad Litem.