J-A28012-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: T.N.R., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA
:
:
:
:
APPEAL OF: O.A.R., FATHER : No. 848 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered August 26, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000362-2016,
CP-51-DP-0002710-2014
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., PANELLA, J., and DUBOW, J.
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED NOVEMBER 22, 2017
Appellant, O.A.R. (“Father”), appeals from the order entered in the
Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas Family Court Division, which
granted the petition of the Department of Human Services (“DHS”) for
involuntary termination of Father’s parental rights to his minor child, T.N.R.
(“Child”). We affirm.
In its opinion, the Family court correctly set forth the relevant facts
and procedural history of this case. Therefore, we have no reason to restate
them. We add that the court relieved prior counsel and appointed new
counsel on June 9, 2017. On June 12, 2017, Father petitioned the court to
reinstate his direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc, which the court granted on
June 15, 2017. On June 20, 2017, Father timely filed a counseled notice of
appeal nunc pro tunc and a concise statement of errors complained of on
appeal, pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i).
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Father raises two issues for our review:
DID THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES (DHS)
SUSTAIN THE BURDEN THAT FATHER’S RIGHTS SHOULD
BE TERMINATED WHEN THERE WAS EVIDENCE THAT
FATHER HAD COMPLETED AND/OR HAD BEEN ACTIVELY
COMPLETING [HIS] PERMANENCY GOALS?
WAS THERE SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE PRESENTED TO
ESTABLISH THAT IT WAS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE
CHILD TO TERMINATE FATHER’S PARENTAL RIGHTS?
(Father’s Brief at 4).
Appellate review of termination of parental rights cases implicates the
following principles:
In cases involving termination of parental rights: “our
standard of review is limited to determining whether the
order of the trial court is supported by competent
evidence, and whether the trial court gave adequate
consideration to the effect of such a decree on the welfare
of the child.”
In re Z.P., 994 A.2d 1108, 1115 (Pa.Super. 2010) (quoting In re I.J., 972
A.2d 5, 8 (Pa.Super. 2009)).
Absent an abuse of discretion, an error of law, or
insufficient evidentiary support for the trial court’s
decision, the decree must stand. … We must
employ a broad, comprehensive review of the record
in order to determine whether the trial court’s
decision is supported by competent evidence.
In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 383 (Pa.Super. 2004) (en
banc), appeal denied, 581 Pa. 668, 863 A.2d 1141 (2004)
(internal citations omitted).
Furthermore, we note that the trial court, as the
finder of fact, is the sole determiner of the credibility
of witnesses and all conflicts in testimony are to be
resolved by the finder of fact. The burden of proof is
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on the party seeking termination to establish by
clear and convincing evidence the existence of
grounds for doing so.
In re Adoption of A.C.H., 803 A.2d 224, 228 (Pa.Super.
2002) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
The standard of clear and convincing evidence means
testimony that is so clear, direct, weighty, and convincing
as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction,
without hesitation, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.
In re J.D.W.M., 810 A.2d 688, 690 (Pa.Super. 2002). We
may uphold a termination decision if any proper basis
exists for the result reached. In re C.S., 761 A.2d 1197,
1201 (Pa.Super. 2000) (en banc). If the court’s findings
are supported by competent evidence, we must affirm the
court’s decision, even if the record could support an
opposite result. In re R.L.T.M., 860 A.2d 190, 191-92
(Pa.Super. 2004).
In re Z.P., supra at 1115-16 (quoting In re Adoption of K.J., 936 A.2d
1128, 1131-32 (Pa.Super. 2007), appeal denied, 597 Pa. 718, 951 A.2d
1165 (2008)).
DHS filed a petition for the involuntary termination of Father’s parental
rights to Child on the following grounds:
§ 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination
(a) General Rule.―The rights of a parent in regard to a
child may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the
following grounds:
(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of
at least six months immediately preceding the filing
of the petition either has evidenced a settled purpose
of relinquishing parental claim to a child or has
refused or failed to perform parental duties.
(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,
neglect or refusal of the parent has caused the child
to be without essential parental care, control or
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subsistence necessary for [her] physical or mental
well-being and the conditions and causes of the
incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will
not be remedied by the parent.
* * *
(5) The child has been removed from the care of the
parent by the court or under a voluntary agreement
with an agency for a period of at least six months,
the conditions which led to the removal or placement
of the child continue to exist, the parent cannot or
will not remedy those conditions within a reasonable
period of time, the services or assistance reasonably
available to the parent are not likely to remedy the
conditions which led to the removal or placement of
the child within a reasonable period of time and
termination of the parental rights would best serve
the needs and welfare of the child.
* * *
(8) The child has been removed from the care of the
parent by the court or under a voluntary agreement
with an agency, 12 months or more have elapsed
from the date of removal or placement, the
conditions which led to the removal or placement of
the child continue to exist and termination of
parental rights would best serve the needs and
welfare of the child.
* * *
(b) Other considerations.―The court in terminating
the rights of a parent shall give primary consideration to
the developmental, physical and emotional needs and
welfare of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be
terminated solely on the basis of environmental factors
such as inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing
and medical care if found to be beyond the control of the
parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant to
subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider
any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
described therein which are first initiated subsequent to
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the giving of notice of the filing of the petition.
23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (a)(2), and (b). “Parental rights may be
involuntarily terminated where any one subsection of Section 2511(a) is
satisfied, along with consideration of the subsection 2511(b) provisions.” In
re Z.P., supra at 1117.
Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The
party seeking termination must prove by clear and
convincing evidence that the parent’s conduct satisfies the
statutory grounds for termination delineated in Section
2511(a). Only if the court determines that the parent’s
conduct warrants termination of his…parental rights does
the court engage in the second part of the analysis
pursuant to Section 2511(b): determination of the needs
and welfare of the child under the standard of best
interests of the child.
In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa.Super. 2007) (internal citations omitted).
Termination under Section 2511(a)(1) involves the following:
To satisfy the requirements of [S]ection 2511(a)(1), the
moving party must produce clear and convincing evidence
of conduct, sustained for at least the six months prior to
the filing of the termination petition, which reveals a
settled intent to relinquish parental claim to a child or a
refusal or failure to perform parental duties. In addition,
Section 2511 does not require that the parent
demonstrate both a settled purpose of relinquishing
parental claim to a child and refusal or failure to
perform parental duties. Accordingly, parental rights
may be terminated pursuant to Section 2511(a)(1) if
the parent either demonstrates a settled purpose of
relinquishing parental claim to a child or fails to
perform parental duties.
Once the evidence establishes a failure to perform parental
duties or a settled purpose of relinquishing parental rights,
the court must engage in three lines of inquiry: (1) the
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parent’s explanation for his…conduct; (2) the post-
abandonment contact between parent and child; and (3)
consideration of the effect of termination of parental rights
on the child pursuant to Section 2511(b).
In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d 726, 730 (Pa.Super. 2008) (internal citations
omitted). Regarding the six-month period prior to filing the termination
petition:
[T]he trial court must consider the whole history of a given
case and not mechanically apply the six-month statutory
provision. The court must examine the individual
circumstances of each case and consider all explanations
offered by the parent facing termination of his…parental
rights, to determine if the evidence, in light of the totality
of the circumstances, clearly warrants the involuntary
termination.
In re B.,N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 855 (Pa.Super. 2004), appeal denied, 582 Pa.
718, 872 A.2d 1200 (2005) (internal citations omitted).
The grounds for termination of parental rights under Section
2511(a)(2), due to parental incapacity that cannot be remedied, are not
limited to affirmative misconduct; to the contrary those grounds may include
acts of refusal as well as incapacity to perform parental duties. In re
A.L.D., 797 A.2d 326, 337 (Pa.Super. 2002). “Parents are required to make
diligent efforts towards the reasonably prompt assumption of full parental
responsibilities.” Id. at 340. The fundamental test in termination of
parental rights under Section 2511(a)(2) was long ago stated in the case of
In re Geiger, 459 Pa. 636, 331 A.2d 172 (1975), where the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court announced that under what is now Section 2511(a)(2), “the
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petitioner for involuntary termination must prove (1) repeated and continued
incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal; (2) that such incapacity, abuse,
neglect or refusal caused the child to be without essential parental care,
control or subsistence; and (3) that the causes of the incapacity, abuse,
neglect or refusal cannot or will not be remedied.” In Interest of Lilley,
719 A.2d 327, 330 (Pa.Super. 1998).
With respect to an incarcerated parent, this Court has stated:
[I]ncarceration alone does not provide sufficient grounds
for the termination of parental rights. Likewise, a parent’s
incarceration does not preclude termination of parental
rights if the incarcerated parent fails to utilize given
resources and fails to take affirmative steps to support a
parent-child relationship. As such, a parent’s
responsibilities are not tolled during incarceration.
In re Adoption of K.J., supra at 1133 (internal citations omitted).
“Termination of parental rights under Section 2511(a)(5) requires
that: (1) the child has been removed from parental care for at least six
months; (2) the conditions which led to removal and placement of the child
continue to exist; and (3) termination of parental rights would best serve the
needs and welfare of the child.” In re Z.P., supra at 1118.
“[T]o terminate parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(8),
the following factors must be demonstrated: (1) the child has been removed
from parental care for 12 months or more from the date of removal; (2) the
conditions which led to the removal or placement of the child continue to
exist; and (3) termination of parental rights would best serve the needs and
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welfare of the child.” In re Adoption of M.E.P., 825 A.2d 1266, 1275-76
(Pa.Super. 2003).
Under Section 2511(b), the court must consider whether termination
will meet the child’s needs and welfare. In re C.P., 901 A.2d 516, 520
(Pa.Super. 2006). “Intangibles such as love, comfort, security, and stability
are involved when inquiring about the needs and welfare of the child. The
court must also discern the nature and status of the parent-child bond,
paying close attention to the effect on the child of permanently severing the
bond.” Id. Significantly:
In this context, the court must take into account whether a
bond exists between child and parent, and whether
termination would destroy an existing, necessary and
beneficial relationship.
When conducting a bonding analysis, the court is not
required to use expert testimony. Social workers and
caseworkers can offer evaluations as well. Additionally,
Section 2511(b) does not require a formal bonding
evaluation.
In re Z.P., supra at 1121 (internal citations omitted).
“The statute permitting the termination of parental rights outlines
certain irreducible minimum requirements of care that parents must provide
for their children, and a parent who cannot or will not meet the requirements
within a reasonable time following intervention by the state, may properly be
considered unfit and have his…rights terminated.” In re B.L.L., 787 A.2d
1007, 1013 (Pa.Super. 2001). This Court has said:
There is no simple or easy definition of parental duties.
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Parental duty is best understood in relation to the needs of
a child. A child needs love, protection, guidance, and
support. These needs, physical and emotional, cannot be
met by a merely passive interest in the development of the
child. Thus, this [C]ourt has held that the parental
obligation is a positive duty which requires affirmative
performance.
This affirmative duty encompasses more than a financial
obligation; it requires continuing interest in the child and a
genuine effort to maintain communication and association
with the child.
Because a child needs more than a benefactor, parental
duty requires that a parent exert himself to take and
maintain a place of importance in the child’s life.
Parental duty requires that the parent act affirmatively
with good faith interest and effort, and not yield to every
problem, in order to maintain the parent-child relationship
to the best of his…ability, even in difficult circumstances.
A parent must utilize all available resources to preserve
the parental relationship, and must exercise reasonable
firmness in resisting obstacles placed in the path of
maintaining the parent-child relationship. Parental rights
are not preserved by waiting for a more suitable or
convenient time to perform one’s parental responsibilities
while others provide the child with…her physical and
emotional needs.
In re B.,N.M., supra at 855 (internal citations omitted). “[A] parent’s basic
constitutional right to the custody and rearing of his…child is converted,
upon the failure to fulfill his…parental duties, to the child’s right to have
proper parenting and fulfillment of…her potential in a permanent, healthy,
safe environment.” Id. at 856.
After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the
applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Joseph
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Fernandes, we conclude Father’s issues merit no relief. The Family court
opinion comprehensively discusses and properly disposes of the questions
presented. (See Family Court Opinion, filed June 2, 2017, at 5-11) (finding:
(1-2) Father has been incarcerated for about three years; caseworker
visited Father in April 2016, and informed him DHS had custody of Child;
Father refused visits with Child; caseworker left her contact information but
Father did not contact caseworker to inquire about Child; Father admitted he
did not avail himself of any programs inside prison, except for drug program,
because he was preoccupied with his criminal case; Father provided no
documentation about his employment opportunities once released from
prison; Father admitted he is unable to parent Child due to his current
situation; Child has been in custody of DHS for over twenty months; court
found Father’s alleged lack of knowledge that Child was in care of DHS hard
to believe; Father evidenced settled purpose of relinquishing parental claims
to Child by failing and refusing to perform his parental duties; Father is not
in position to meet Child’s safety and special needs and cannot take
immediate custody of Child; Father failed to complete his objectives of
making himself known to DHS, maintaining contact with caseworkers, and
visiting with Child; Father has not seen Child outside of prison since she was
three-months old; Child has developmental delays and cardiac issues; Child
needs permanency; conditions which brought Child into care of DHS
continue to exist; court properly terminated Father’s parental rights under
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Section 2511(a)(1) and (2); under Section 2511(b), Father claimed he last
saw Child in November 2014, when Mother brought Child to visit Father in
prison; Father alleged he had some contact with Child on phone after Mother
stopped bringing Child to visit Father; occasional visits and phone calls are
not enough to create parental bond with Child; Father does not have
healthy, beneficial relationship with Child; Father is essentially “stranger” to
Child; Child looks to Maternal Grandmother for love, comfort, and support;
Child would suffer emotional harm if removed from Maternal Grandmother’s
care; record established by clear and convincing evidence that termination of
Father’s parental rights and change of goal to adoption and was in Child’s
best interests).1 Accordingly, we affirm based on the Family court opinion.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/22/2017
____________________________________________
1
The Family court opinion stated Father waived his issues for failure to file a
Rule 1925(a)(2)(i) statement. A review of the certified record, however,
revealed that Father filed his Rule 1925(a)(2)(i) statement with his notice of
appeal nunc pro tunc on June 20, 2017.
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Circulated 11/09/2017 11:43 AM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
FOR THE COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA'
FAMILY COURT DIVISION
In the Interest of T. N. R., a minor CP-51-DP-0002710-2014
CP-51-AP-0000362-2016
51 -FN -002470-2014
APPEAL of: 0. A. R., Father 848 EDA 2017
OPINION
Fernandes, J.:
Appellant 0. A. R. ("Father") appeals from the order entered on August 26, 2016, granting the
petition filed by the Philadelphia Department of Human Services ("DHS"), to involuntarily
terminate Father's parental rights to T. N.R. ("Child") pursuant to the Adoption Act, 23 Pa. C. S.
A. §2511(a)(1), (2), and (b). Father filed a timely pro se Notice of Appeal without a Statement of
Errors Complained of on Appeal.'
Factual and Procedural Background:
The family in this case became known to DHS on June 27, 2014, when DHS received a General
Protective Services ("GPS") report alleging that Child was born prematurely at twenty-eight
weeks' gestation; that Child suffered from elevated blood pressure, retinopathy of prematurity,
Patent Ductus Arteriosus ("PDA"), and Ventricular Septal Defect ("VSD"); that Child's mother
("Mother") failed to attend numerous medical appointments for Child in ophthalmology,
cardiology, primary care, and nephrology; that due to Child's high blood pressure, her kidneys
needed to be closely monitored; and that Child's maternal grandmother ("MGM") took her to the
1 Father filed a pro se Notice of Appeal on September 24, 2016, which complies with the time requirements prescribed
by Pa. R. A. P. 903(a). Father filed the appeal with the Clerk's office, but due to the Clerk's office's administrative
mistake, the appeal notice was filed in the dependency file and not transmitted to the appropriate Clerk's unit. Father
also failed to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal as prescribed in Pa. R.A.P. 1925(a)(2) and
served in accordance with Pa. R.A.P. 1925(b)(1). The trial court was not aware that Father had taken an appeal.
Subsequently, in March 2017, Father's appeal was found, and Father's prior appointed counsel was reattached to the
case on April 17, 2017. Due to delays in the filing of the Docketing Statement by Father's counsel, Superior Court
issued a Rule to Show Cause order on March 15, 2017, as to whether Father's counsel had abandoned her client. The
trial court issued an administrative order on May 5, 2017, that Father's counsel had not abandoned her client. On May
19, 2017, Superior Court issued an order that Father's counsel still had not filed the Docketing Statement or responded
to the Rule to Show Cause order of March 15, 2017. On May 25, 2017, Father's counsel filed an untimely Docketing
Statement.
Page 1 of 11
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia ("CHOP") for a doctor's appointment. The report also alleged
that Child weight was within normal range and she was up to date on immunizations; that it was
unknown if Child's condition had worsened due to the missed medical appointments; that Child
received Supplemental Security Income ("SSr); that Child needed early intervention services;
that Mother claimed to miss Child's medical appointments because of her employment, while
MGM informed DHS that Mother was unemployed; that DHS attempted to visit the home and
investigate the allegations of the GPS report twice at the end of June 2014; and that Mother was
uncooperative with DHS and failed to make Child available so DHS could assess her safety. DHS
also learned that Mother and Child began residing in a rooming house. This report was found to
be valid. DHS visited MGM' s home and met with the family. Mother had numerous explanations
as to why she missed Child's medical appointments, but agreed to accept In -Home Services
("IHS"). On July 15, 2014, IHS were implemented by the Community Umbrella Agency ("CUA")
AsociaciOn de Puertorriquefios en Marcha ("APM"). IHS were to assist Mother with Child's
medical appointments and with locating stable housing. On August 18, 2014, CUA created a
Single Case Plan ("SCP") in which Father's objective was to make his whereabouts known to DHS
as he was unknown to CUA.
On October 29, 2014, DHS received a Child's Protective Services ("CPS") report alleging that
Child had missed three scheduled appointments at CHOP since her last primary care visit on June
27, 2014; that Child had what appeared to be a burn above her navel; Mother and MGM were
notified of Child's injury, but they said they had not seen it and did not know how Child was
injured. The report further alleged that Mother appeared disengaged and unconcerned with Child's
well-being; that Mother was evasive; and that Child was developmentally delayed and had been
referred for early intervention services. This report was unfounded. However, safety concerns for
Child remained. On December 2, 2014, Child was adjudicated dependent and fully committed to
DHS custody. The Trial Court ordered that a Parent Locator Search ("PLS") be submitted as to
Father. On April 21, 2016, DHS filed a petition for termination of Father's parental rights and
change of the permanency goal from reunification to adoption. In March 2016, Father's
whereabouts became known; Father was incarcerated
for about three years. The petition for termination of parental rights was heard
on August 26, 2016, at which time Child was three years of age and had been in care for twenty
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months. Father was brought down from and participated in the hearing while still in custody
at the bar of the court. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 37, 52-53).
CUA testified that she became aware of Father in April 2016 and that he was incarcerated at
(N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 12). Father has been incarcerated
for the last three years. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 13). CUA visited with Father on April 25, 2016. CUA
testified that when asked if he would like to have visitation with Child, Father said no. (N. T.
8/26/16, pg. 12). Father has not seen Child since she was three months old. CUA also testified
that Father never reached out to her to find out about Child in any way. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 13-
14). CUA testified that she left Father her business card at the April visit, but Father still did not
reach out to her. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 16).
CUA APM did not have any information on Father prior to March 2016. From the beginning of
the case in December 2014 to a permanency review on February 9, 2016, a PLS had not been
completed for Father's whereabouts. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 23-26). Once CUA received the
information about Father's whereabouts at the prison, she testified that she sent out a certified
letter to the warden requesting permission to visit with Father, which was granted. (N.T. 8/26/16,
pgs. 26-27). Detailed SCP objectives were not set up for Father since his identity was unknown.
However, once CUA went to visit Father , CUA offered the goal of visits to Father, but
Father refused to have visits. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 27-28, 30-33). CUA also explained that Father's
other goal after her visit with him was for him to maintain contact with CUA, which Father did
not. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 13-14, 30-31).
Father testified that in December 2014, when Child came into care, he was already incarcerated at
PICC. Father testified he was in communication with Mother, but she did not tell him that Child
was placed with DHS. Father did not learn that Child was placed with DHS until CUA's April
2016 visit. Father claimed that he rejected visits with Child because he expected to be released
shortly after and did not think it safe for Child to visit him in prison with a third -party stranger
present; he declined for safety reasons. Father testified that he last saw Child in November 2014,
when Mother brought her to the prison to visit him; Mother took Child to see Father at the prison
twice before that. Father testified that Mother did not tell him about Child's placement with DHS.
Mother indicated to Father that her work schedule had become more hectic and that she had gotten
a babysitter for Child, who was also in school. Father also testified that he wrote to Mother twice
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about how Child was doing. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 39-40). Father testified that he kept in contact
with Mother after she stopped bringing Child to visit. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 48). While Child was in
kinship with MGM, Father would call Mother from prison and MGM would allow Mother to put
Child on the telephone to speak with Father. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 49, 55). Father testified he last
spoke to Child in June 2016, as his cellmate was Child's maternal uncle who kept in touch with
MGM from prison. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 51). Father claimed that he would be released the following
week after the termination trial. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 35-37).
At the time of the termination trial, Father was still in custody awaiting trial, which was
scheduled for December 5, 2016. Father testified that he had to pay nominal bail, will be on house
arrest and electronically monitored. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 37-38; 42-44). Father is charged with
robbery and possession of a firearm. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 41). During incarceration, Father worked
in the law library, but was fired and rehired at least three times. Father indicated that he did not
avail himself of any of the programs offered at the prison, except for a drug program, because he
was preoccupied with studying his criminal case and representing himself. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 45-
46, 50-51).
Father testified that upon release on bail he will be living with his uncle in Philadelphia. Father
also testified that he will be employed at his uncle's catering business as a cook, and also has an
interview scheduled at an Audi dealership. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 40). Father indicated that his uncle's
home has three bedrooms with all utilities working and the uncle would allow Child to also live
there with Father. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 41-42). Father claimed that while released on bail he will
be allowed to work, and with permission would be able to take Child to her medical appointments.
(N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 44-45). Father admitted that he is currently unable to parent Child due to his
present position. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 47-48).
Child is placed in kinship with MGM through APM. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 9). Child also has a sibling
placed with MGM. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 15). Child does not have a healthy parental relationship
with Father. MGM indicated to CUA that Father had not seen Child since she was three months
old. Child looks to MGM for daily love, care and support and as her primary caregiver. Child
shares a parental bond with MGM. Child has gone on various trips to amusement parks and
museums and shopping trips with MGM. MGM makes sure Child gets to all her medical
appointments due to her cardiac issues and developmental delays. Child and MGM have a
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nurturing and very loving relationship. CUA testified that Child would suffer emotional harm if
removed from MGM's care. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 10-13). Following testimony and argument, the
trial court terminated Father's parental rights under 23 Pa. C. S. A. §2511(a)(1), (a)(2), and (b) and
changed the goal to adoption.
Discussion:
Father has waived all issues not stated in a Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal. See
Krebs v. United Refining Co., 893 A.2d 776, 797 (Pa. Super. 2006). See also In re KT.E.L., 983
A.2d 745 (Pa. Super. 2009); In re C.P., 901 A.2d 516, 522; In re J.E.D., 879 A.2d 288, 293, fn. 7
(Pa. Super. 2005). Father has not submitted a Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal as
required by the appellate rules. This appeal should be quashed. However, if the Superior Court
allows Father's appeal to go forward, for the purposes of this opinion, the trial court will presume
that Father is appealing the termination of his parental rights under 23 Pa. C.S.A. §2511(a)(1), (2),
and (b), and the goal change.
The grounds for involuntary termination of parental rights are enumerated in the Adoption Act at
23 Pa. C. S. A. §2511(a), which provides the following grounds for §2511(a)(1):
(a) General rule - The rights of a parent, in regard to a child, may be terminated after a petition
is filed on any of the following grounds:
(1) The parent, by conduct continuing for a period of at least six months immediately
preceding the filing of the petition, has either evidenced a settled purpose of
relinquishing parental claim to a child or has refused or failed to perform parental
duties.
In proceedings to involuntary terminate parental rights, the burden of proof is on the party seeking
termination which must establish the existence of grounds for termination by clear and convincing
evidence. In re Adoption of Atencio, 650 A.2d 1064 (Pa. 1994). To satisfy section (a)(1), the
moving party must produce clear and convincing evidence of conduct sustained for at least six
months prior to the filing of the termination petition, which reveals a settled intent to relinquish
parental claim to a child or a refusal or failure to perform parental duties. However, the six-month
period should not be applied mechanically; instead, the court must consider the whole history of
the case. In re B.1V.M, 856 A.2d 847, 855 (Pa. Super. 2004). The standard of clear and convincing
Page 5 of 11
evidence is defined as testimony that is so clear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable the
trier of fact to come to a clear conviction without hesitance of the truth of precise facts in issue. In
re C.R.S., 696 A.2d 840, 843 (Pa. Super. 1997). A parent's incarceration does not preclude
termination of parental rights if the incarcerated parent fails to utilize the given resources and to
take affirmative steps to support a parent -child relationship. In re D.JS., 737 A.2d 283 (Pa. Super.
1999).
The petition for involuntary termination of parental rights and goal change were filed on April 21,
2016. For the six-month period prior to filing, Father was not successfully completing any SCP
objectives. Father's only objectives were first to make his whereabouts known to DHS and once
known to DHS to keep in contact with CUA. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 13-14, 30-31). Father has been
incarcerated for about three years at . At the time of the termination trial, Father is still at
. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 12-13, 52-53). Father was already incarcerated when Child came into
care in December 2014. Neither Mother nor MGM informed Father that Child was in DHS
custody, nor did Father ask where Child was. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 35). CUA visited with Father in
April 2016 and informed him that Child was in DHS custody. CUA offered Father the goal of
visits with Child, but Father refused. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 27-28). Father claimed that he rejected
visits for safety reasons as a third -party stranger would be in the room with him and Child.
However, Father did visit with Child previously in prison when Child was still in Mother's custody
before DHS became involved. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 39). CUA also left her contact information with
Father during her visit with him in jail. Father did not reach out to CUA to find out about Child.
Father has not seen Child outside of prison since she was three months old. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs.
12-16). Father admitted that he did not avail himself of any programs offered in prison, except
enrollment in a drug program, upon which he did not elaborate, because he was preoccupied with
studying his criminal case to represent himself (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 45-46, 50-51). Although
Father claimed that his uncle will give him employment and a home to live in if he is released,
Father did not provide any detailed information or documentation to CUA. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 40,
42). At best, Father is hopeful and speculating that he will be released on bail. Even if he is
released, Father still has a trial scheduled for December 5, 2016, and will be on house arrest and
electronic monitoring. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 35-38, 41-44). Father has never been a primary
caregiver for Child. Father admitted that he is unable to parent Child due to his present
incarceration. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 47-48). Over the six months prior to the filing of the termination
Page 6 of 11
petition, Father failed to perform his parental duties by his failure to take affirmative steps to avail
himself of prison programs, visit his Child, and contact DHS during his incarceration. Child has
been in care for twenty months, while Father testified that he kept in contact with Child, Mother,
and MGM, but did not learn about Child's coming into care until she had already been in care for
over a year. The trial court found Father's explanations about his lack of knowledge hard to
believe. Father's inability to perform his parental duties extends beyond the six months to the
entire lifetime of the case. Father has an affirmative duty to place himself in a parenting position,
which he has not done. Father cannot be passive and must take advantage of all opportunities to
overcome all obstacles to be a parent. Father evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing parental
claims to Child by failing and refusing to perform his parental duties. Since these facts were
demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence, the trial court did not err or abuse its discretion in
terminating Father's parental rights under this section.
The trial court terminated Father's parental rights under 23 Pa. C. S. A. §2511(a)(2). This section
of the Adoption Act includes, as a ground for involuntary termination of parental rights, the
repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect, or refusal of the parent that causes the child to
be without essential parental care, control, or subsistence necessary for his physical or mental well-
being; and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect, or refusal cannot or will not
be remedied by the parent. This ground is not limited to affirmative misconduct. It may include
acts of refusal to perform parental duties, but focuses more specifically on the needs of the child.
Adoption of C.A.W, 683 A.2d 911, 914 (Pa. Super. 1996).
Child was taken into DHS custody because Father was unable to provide essential parental care
due to his incarceration. It was Father's own actions that placed him in jail. Father is not in a
position to meet Child's safety and special needs and is unable to take immediate custody of Child.
Although Father claims he did not know Child was in DHS custody, Father testified that he was
having contact with Mother and MGM during his incarceration. Even after Father became aware
that Child was in DHS custody, he had contact with MGM due to his cellmate being Child's
maternal uncle. N.T. 8/26/216, pgs. 48-49, 51, 55). Father's only SCP objectives were to make
himself known, maintain contact with CUA after CUA's visit to the prison, and visit with his Child
as offered by CUA. N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 12-14, 27-28, 30-31). Father did not complete any of his
SCP objectives; CUA did not learn of Father's whereabouts until April 2016, at which time she
Page 7 of 11
immediately reached out to Father at . (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 26-27). Father has been
incarcerated for the last three years; he was already incarcerated when Child came into care. (N.T.
8/26/16, pgs. 13, 35). Father has not seen Child outside of prison since she was three months old;
he has never been a primary caregiver for Child. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 13-14). When CUA asked
Father if he wanted-to have visits with Child, he said no. Father refused to have visits with Child.
(N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 12, 27-28). However, Father admitted visiting with Child before DHS
involvement. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 39). Father has not availed himself of any programs in jail. Father
prioritizes his own needs to represent himself in his criminal case as opposed to taking affirmative
steps to overcome his obstacles to parent and maintain a relationship with his Child. (N.T. 8/26/16,
pgs. 45-46, 50-51). Father claimed that neither Mother nor MGM informed him that Child was in
DHS custody. (NJ. 8/26/16, pgs. 35-37). However, Father had contact with Mother and MGM
via telephone for at least one full year before DHS found him in jail. Father was still awaiting a
criminal trial, scheduled for December 5, 2016. If released on bail, Father admitted that he will be
on house arrest and electronically monitored. Father is charged with robbery and possession of a
firearm. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 37-38, 41-44). Father is hopeful and speculating that he will be
released on bail. Father claims that his uncle will provide him with a job and house, but he has
not provided CUA with any documentation. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 40-42). Father admitted that his
is currently unable to parent Child due to his present incarceration. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 47-48).
Child has developmental delays and cardiac issues. Child attends numerous medical appointments
and speech therapy at' .. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 11, 14). Due to his current incarceration, Father
is unable to ensure that Child attends her medical appointments. The DHS witness was credible
in her testimony. Father is unable to remedy the causes of his repeated and continued incapacity
to provide Child with essential parental care, control, or subsistence necessary for Child's physical
and mental well-being. The conditions that brought Child into care cannot or will not be remedied
by Father. Child needs permanency. Therefore, DHS met its burden under §2511(a)(2) of the
Adoption Act and termination under this section was also proper.
After a finding of any grounds for termination under section (a), the court must, under 23 Pa. C.
S. A. §2511(b), also consider what - if any - bond exists between parent and child In re
Involuntary Termination of C.W.S.M and KA.L.M., 839 A.2d 410, 415 (Pa. Super. 2003). The
trial court must examine the status of the bond to determine whether its termination "would destroy
an existing, necessary and beneficial relationship." In re Adoption of T.B. B. , 835 A.2d 387, 397
Page 8 of 11
(Pa. Super. 2003). In assessing the parental bond, the trial court is permitted to rely upon the
observations and evaluations of social workers. In re KZ.S., 946 A.2d 753, 762-763 (Pa. Super.
2008). In cases where there is no evidence of any bond between the parent and child, it is
reasonable to infer that no bond exists. The extent of any bond analysis depends on the
circumstances of the particular case. Id. At 762-763. However under 23 Pa. C. S. A. §2511(b),
the rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of environmental factors such as
inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical, if found to be beyond the control
of the parent.
Father has not seen Child outside of prison since she was three months old. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 12).
In December 2014, when Child came into care, Father was already incarcerated. Father has been
incarcerated for the last three years. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 13, 35). Father claimed that he last saw
Child in November 2014 when Mother brought her to the prison to visit. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 39-
40). After Mother stopped bringing Child to prison visits, Father claims to have some contact with
Mother and Child via telephone. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 49, 55). Occasional visits and phone calls
are not enough to create a parental bond between Father and Child. Father does not have a healthy,
beneficial relationship with Child. Father has never been a primary caregiver for Child. Father
was offered visits with Child by CUA, but he refused to have visits in prison. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs.
12, 35-37). CUA testified that Child's relationship with Father is like a stranger. (N.T. 8/26/16,
pg. 11). Child looks to MGM for her daily love, care, and support. Child shares a loving and
nurturing bond with MGM. MGM has taken Child on various trips to amusement parks, museums,
and shopping trips. MGM ensures all of Child's medical needs are taken care of. (N.T. 8/26/16,
pg. 11). CUA testified that Child would suffer emotional harm if she were to be removed from
MGM's care. Child is bonded to MGM. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 10-13). Child is in a safe and
permanent home. The DHS witness was credible. Consequently, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion when it found, by clear and convincing evidence, that there was no parental bond and
that termination of Father's parental rights would not destroy an existing beneficial relationship.
Father also alleges that the court erred in changing Child's permanency goal from reunification to
adoption. In a change of goal proceeding, the child's best interest must be the focus of the trial
court's determination. The child's safety and health are paramount considerations. In re A.H,
763 A.2d 873 (Pa. Super. 2000) Pennsylvania's Juvenile Act recognizes family preservation as
Page 9 of 11
one of its primary purposes. In the Interest of R.P. a Minor, 957 A.2d 1205 (Pa. Super. 2008). As
a result, welfare agencies must make efforts to reunify the biological parents with their child.
Nonetheless, if those efforts fail, the agency must redirect its efforts toward placing the child in an
adoptive home. Agencies are not required to provide services indefinitely when a parent is
unwilling or unable to apply instructions received. In re R. T., 778 A.2d 670 (Pa. Super. 2001).
The trial court should consider the best interest of the child as it exists presently, rather than the
facts at the time of the original petition.
Father admitted that he is not currently ready or able to parent Child. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 47-48).
At the time of the termination trial, Father was still incarcerated . Father was offered visits
with Child and he declined. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 12, 27-28). Father's only objectives were to make
his whereabouts known to CUA, and keep in contact with CUA after meeting her. (N.T. 8/26/16,
pgs. 30-31). Father has been incarcerated for the last three years and has never been a primary
caregiver for Child. Father was already incarcerated when Child came into care. (N.T. 8/26/16,
pgs. 13-14, 35). Father prioritizes his own needs to represent himself on his criminal case over
visits with Child and availing himself of programs in jail. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 45-46, 50-51).
Father claimed to have daily contact with Mother, but did not know that Child was in DHS custody
until the CUA worker visited him in prison in April 2016. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 35-37, 48). Father
is still awaiting a criminal trial; he is charged with robbery and possession of firearms. Father
admitted that if he is released on bail, he will be on house arrest and electronically monitored.
(N.T. 8/26/16, pgs. 37-38, 41-44). However, Father is speculating that he will be released on bail.
Father has not provided any documentation to CUA as far as housing and employment if released.
Father, again, speculates that his uncle will provide him a job and house to live in. (N.T. 8/26/16,
pgs. 40-42). MGM ensures that all of Child's medical needs are taken care of. Child is bonded
with MGM and would be emotionally harmed if removed from MGM's care. (N.T. 8/26/16, pgs.
10-13). Child is in a safe, permanent, and pre-adoptive home. Child needs permanency after
twenty months in care. It is in Child's best interests to be adopted. (N.T. 8/26/16, pg. 10). At this
time, Father is unable to provide for Child's physical, emotional, and medical needs. Father is
unable to take custody of Child today since he is still in jail. The record established by clear and
convincing evidence that the change of permanency goal from reunification to adoption was
proper. The trial court did not err or abuse its discretion when it changed the goal to adoption.
Page 10 of 11
Conclusion:
For the aforementioned reasons, the court properly found that DHS met its statutory burden by
clear and convincing evidence regarding termination of Father's parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.
£ S AA2511 (a)(1), (2), and (b) since it would best serve Child's emotional needs and welfare.
The court also properly found that changing Child's permanency goal from reunification to
adoption was in Child's best interest. The trial court's termination of Father's parental rights and
change of goal to adoption were proper and should be affirmed.
By the court,
Joseph Fernandes, J.
Page 11 of 11
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
FOR THE COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA
FAMILY COURT DIVISION
In the Interest of T. N. R., a minor CP-51-DP-0002710-2014
CP-51-AP-0000362-2016
51 FN 002470 2014
APPEAL of: 0. A. R., Father 848 EDA 2017
Proof of Service
I hereby certify that this court is serving today, June 2, 2017, the enclosed Opinion upon the
following persons:
Althea Udo-Inyang, Esq.
City of Philadelphia Law Department
1515 Arch Street, 16th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Attorney for DHS
Mary Cole, Esq.
1441 Sansom Street
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Attorney for Appellee/Child, T. N. R.
Tracey Chambers -Coleman, Esq.
2931 N. 22" St. 21'd Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19132
Attorney for Appellant/Father, 0. A. R.
Michael Mon, Esq.
City of Philadelphia Law Department
1515 Arch Street, 16th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19102
By:
Vij. a P. S gh
Law Clerk to the Hon. Joseph Fernandes
Philadelphia Family Court
1501 Arch Street, Suite 1431
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Telephone: (215) 686-2660
In the Interest of: T.N.R., a Minor
Combined Opinion