IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2016-CA-00876-COA
PERSEPHANY ALLEN, AS THE NATURAL APPELLANT/CROSS-
DAUGHTER AND NEXT FRIEND OF CATINA APPELLEE
ALLEN STAFFNEY, DECEASED, AND ON
BEHALF OF ALL THE HEIRS AT LAW AND
WRONGFUL DEATH BENEFICIARIES OF
CATINA ALLEN STAFFNEY, DECEASED, AND
AS NEXT FRIEND OF MINORS, T.S. AND T.S.
v.
JACKSON SQUARE APARTMENT HOMES, APPELLEES/CROSS-
LLC D/B/A MELROSE PLACE APARTMENTS APPELLANTS
AND JUSTIN DAVIS
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06/06/2016
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. WILLIAM A. GOWAN JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HINDS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: JEFFREY MATTHEW GRAVES
DENNIS C. SWEET III
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: DORIS THERESA BOBADILLA
MATTHEW MILES WILLIAMS
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - WRONGFUL DEATH
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED: 12/12/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE GRIFFIS, P.J., CARLTON AND GREENLEE, JJ.
GRIFFIS, P.J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Persephany Allen, as the natural daughter and next friend of Catina Allen Staffney,
deceased, filed an action against Jackson Square Apartment Homes, LLC, for negligence
following the death of Catina in an apartment fire. The circuit court allowed Allen to
withdraw admissions previously deemed admitted, but ultimately granted summary judgment
in favor of Jackson Square.
¶2. Upon review, we find the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in allowing the
withdrawal of the admissions, and did not err in granting summary judgment in favor of
Jackson Square. Thus, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶3. Terry Staffney executed a residential lease agreement with Melrose Place Apartments,
an apartment complex owned and managed by Jackson Square. Staffney identified himself,
Catina, Terry Allen, and Terrick Allen as the occupants of Unit L-205. The lease agreement
expired February 28, 2014. Following the expiration of the lease agreement, the occupants
remained on the premises despite their failure to pay additional rent. As a result, Jackson
Square obtained a money judgment against the occupants in the amount of $639. Thereafter,
Jackson Square executed an affidavit for warrant of removal and, on May 6, 2014, deposited
the requisite sum of money with the court clerk in order to obtain the removal of the
occupants.
¶4. Despite the expiration of the lease agreement, their failure to pay rent, and Jackson
Square’s actions to remove them, the occupants were inside the apartment unit on the night
of May 16, 2014, when a fire occurred. All of the occupants were able to vacate the unit with
the exception of Catina, who unfortunately died. At the time of the fire, an order of removal
had not yet been obtained.
¶5. On August 20, 2015, Allen filed a complaint on behalf of herself and all wrongful-
death beneficiaries of Catina, and alleged various premises-liability claims against Jackson
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Square and Justin Davis, the maintenance man for the apartment complex.1 Specifically,
Allen alleged that Jackson Square had nonfunctioning or inadequate smoke detectors and fire
alarms at the time of the fire, had inadequate and improperly trained maintenance personnel
and managers, and knew or should have known that no warnings were provided and that the
fire-protection measures in place were unreasonable and inadequate to warn tenants.
¶6. Jackson Square subsequently served written discovery, including requests for
admission, upon Allen and her counsel. The discovery requests were served to Allen’s
counsel via email on February 26, 2016, and again at the request of Allen’s counsel on
February 29, 2016. Allen did not respond to the requests for admission within thirty days
and, as a result, the admissions were deemed admitted by operation of law.
¶7. On April 12, 2016, Jackson Square’s counsel sent a good-faith request to Allen’s
counsel and requested that Allen provide responses within ten days. Allen’s counsel
acknowledged the good-faith request and confirmed that discovery responses would be
provided within ten days.
¶8. Despite the agreed-upon extension, on April 13, 2016, Jackson Square moved for
summary judgment based, in part, on Allen’s failure to timely respond to the requests for
admission. Thereafter, on April 28, 2016, Allen filed a motion to withdraw the admissions
and acknowledged her failure to timely respond to the requests for admission. Allen asserted
her failure to timely respond was due to her attorney being busy and interoffice
1
There is no indication in the record that Davis was served with process. However,
he has not been dismissed. Davis was not a party to the summary-judgment proceedings and
is not included in this appeal. Final judgment was entered in favor of Jackson Square and
certified pursuant to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 54(b).
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miscommunication. Despite seeking to withdraw her admissions, Allen did not respond to
the requests for admission. In fact, Allen did not respond to the requests until May 31, 2016,
well after the original due date and less than twenty-four hours prior to the hearing on
Jackson Square’s motion for summary judgment.
¶9. Additionally, Allen failed to provide any affidavits or documentation in opposition
to the motion for summary judgment. Moreover, Allen failed to submit an affidavit pursuant
to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 56(f).
¶10. During the hearing on the motion for summary judgment, Allen’s counsel explained
that he believed the ten-day agreed-upon extension to respond to discovery included the
requests for admission. In response, Jackson Square’s counsel acknowledged that he had not
communicated to Allen’s counsel that the extension did not include the requests for
admission since Jackson Square did not have the authority to give such an extension on
requests for admission. Allen’s counsel advised that in an effort to avoid additional time and
expense, he did not conduct further discovery without the circuit court’s ruling on the motion
to withdraw admissions.
¶11. Following the hearing, the circuit court found that Allen’s counsel rightfully believed
the extension included the requests for admission, and therefore allowed Allen to withdraw
all of the admissions with the exception of two, which were never answered due to
“oversight.” However, the circuit court found Allen failed to set forth specific facts showing
that there was a genuine issue for trial and, as a result, granted summary judgment in favor
of Jackson Square.
4
¶12. Allen now appeals and argues the circuit court erroneously granted summary
judgment. Jackson Square also appeals and argues the circuit court abused its discretion in
withdrawing the admissions.
ANALYSIS
I. Whether the circuit court erred in allowing the withdrawal of the
admissions.
¶13. We first address Jackson Square’s argument that the circuit court abused its discretion
in allowing Allen to withdraw her admissions. “A [circuit] court’s decisions concerning
discovery matters are reviewed for an abuse of discretion.” Prime Rx, LLC v. McKendree,
Inc., 917 So. 2d 791, 794 (¶7) (Miss. 2005) (citing DeBlanc v. Stancil, 814 So. 2d 796, 798
(¶11) (Miss. 2002)). “A certain amount of discretion is vested in the trial judge with respect
to whether he or she will take matters as admitted.” Earwood v. Reeves, 798 So. 2d 508, 514
(¶19) (Miss. 2001).
¶14. Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 36(a) provides that a request for admission is
deemed admitted unless, within thirty days of service, the recipient serves an answer or
objection to the request. M.R.C.P. 36(a). “Any matter admitted under this rule is
conclusively established unless the court on motion permits withdrawal or amendment of the
admission.” M.R.C.P. 36(b).
¶15. The circuit court may permit withdrawal or amendment when: (1) “the presentation
of the merits of the action will be subserved thereby,” and (2) “the party who obtained the
admission fails to satisfy the court that withdrawal or amendment will prejudice him in
maintaining his action or defense on the merits.” Id. The circuit court must “carefully
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examine a Rule 36(b) motion under [this] two-prong test.” Deblanc, 814 So. 2d at 802 (¶26).
However, “[e]ven when these two factors are established, a [circuit] court still has discretion
to deny a request for leave to withdraw or amend an admission.” Carney v. IRS, 258 F.3d
415, 419 (5th Cir. 2001).
¶16. Here, Jackson Square argues Allen did not provide a justifiable excuse for her failure
to timely respond to the requests for admission. However, Allen asserts that nothing in Rule
36(b) requires a court to find a justifiable excuse for failure to timely respond. We hesitate
to agree with this assertion given the number of cases decided by this Court that hold that a
motion to withdraw admissions was properly denied where there was no justifiable excuse
for the untimely responses.2 Nevertheless, the circuit court found that Allen’s counsel
rightfully believed there was an agreed-upon extension to answer the requests for admission.
We do not find such a finding to be an abuse of discretion. Allen’s mistaken belief that the
agreed-upon extension included the requests for admission was likely justifiable considering
Jackson Square’s acknowledgment that it did not clearly communicate otherwise.
¶17. In support of its argument, Jackson Square relies on the various cases mentioned in
footnote two. However, these cases can easily be distinguished from the present case, as they
did not involve any claim that a party mistakenly believed opposing counsel had agreed to
an extension regarding pretrial-discovery matters.
¶18. In Sanford v. Dudley, 196 So. 3d 1106, 1115 (¶27) (Miss. Ct. App. 2016), a case
2
See, e.g., Hawkins v. Hale, 185 So. 3d 1076 (Miss. Ct. App. 2016); Rainer v. Wal-
Mart Assocs., 119 So. 3d 398 (Miss. Ct. App. 2013); Boyd v. Boyd, 83 So. 3d 409 (Miss. Ct.
App. 2011); Triangle Constr. Co. v. Foshee Constr. Co., 976 So. 2d 978 (Miss. Ct. App.
2008); Langley ex rel. Langley v. Miles, 956 So. 2d 970 (Miss. Ct. App. 2006).
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similar to one before us, we reversed the circuit court’s denial of the plaintiff’s motion to
withdraw admissions. In Sanford, Sanford did not take corrective action until the Dudleys
moved for summary judgment, since the motion for summary judgment was Sanford’s first
notice that he mistakenly believed opposing counsel had agreed to an extension. Id. at 1108
(¶6). This is parallel to our case.
¶19. Here, Jackson Square’s counsel sent a good-faith request for Allen to respond to
discovery. Allen accepted this request and notified Jackson Square that the answers would
be served within ten days. However, the next day, Jackson Square moved for summary
judgment based, in part, on the admissions. As in Sanford, the motion for summary judgment
was Allen’s counsel’s first notice that he had mistakenly believed opposing counsel had
agreed to an extension regarding the requests for admission. The circuit court noted that it
was “hard to hold [Allen’s counsel] to what his understanding was when [Jackson Square’s
counsel] didn’t fully communicate what [Jackson Square]’s intent was in the extension.”
¶20. Jackson Square argues that Sanford is distinguishable because the plaintiff in that case
immediately took corrective action following the motion for summary judgment by moving
to withdraw the admissions and serving responses to the requests for admission. However,
the discrepancy between the present case and Sanford regarding the time it took for the
plaintiff to file a motion to withdraw the admissions was not substantial.3 We will not
intervene with the circuit court’s broad discretion in this matter.
3
In Sanford, the plaintiff moved to withdraw the admissions eight days after the
defendant moved for summary judgment. Sanford, 196 So. 3d at 1114 (¶24). Here, Allen
moved to withdraw the admissions fifteen days after Jackson Square moved for summary
judgment.
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¶21. Rule 36 “is not intended to be applied in Draconian fashion.” Deblanc, 814 So. 2d
at 801 (¶26). Although “the Rule may sometimes seem harsh in its application, the harshness
may be ameliorated by the [circuit] court’s power to grant amendments or withdrawals of
admissions in proper circumstances.” Id. at 801-02 (¶26).
¶22. Based on the facts of this case, we find that the presentation of the merits of the action
would be subserved by allowing Allen to withdraw her admissions and that the withdrawal
of the admissions would not prejudice Jackson Square.4 See M.R.C.P. 36(b). Accordingly,
we find no abuse of discretion by the circuit court in allowing Allen to withdraw her
admissions. We therefore affirm as to this issue.
II. Whether the circuit court erred in granting summary judgment in favor
of Jackson Square.
¶23. We next address Allen’s argument that the circuit court erred in granting summary
judgment. “We review the grant or denial of a motion for summary judgment de novo,
viewing the evidence ‘in the light most favorable to the party against whom the motion has
been made.’” Karpinsky v. Am. Nat’l Ins., 109 So. 3d 84, 88 (¶9) (Miss. 2013) (quoting Pratt
v. Gulfport-Biloxi Reg’l Airport Auth., 97 So. 3d 68, 71 (¶5) (Miss. 2012)).
¶24. A motion for summary judgment is governed by Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure
56(c), which provides:
The judgment sought shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions,
answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with the affidavits,
if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the
moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.
4
The record shows the case was pending less than one year and was in the early
stages of discovery.
8
When a motion for summary judgment is made and supported as provided in Rule 56, “an
adverse party may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of [the] pleadings[; rather,
the] response must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.”
Stuckey v. Provident Bank, 912 So. 2d 859, 864 (¶8) (Miss. 2005). If the nonmoving party
does not respond accordingly, “summary judgment, if appropriate, shall be entered against
[the nonmoving party].” Id.
¶25. Here, the record shows Allen failed to provide any evidence to create a genuine issue
of material fact. Instead, in response to Jackson Square’s motion for summary judgment,
Allen simply relied upon the allegations set forth in her complaint and the arguments of
counsel. However, mere allegations are insufficient to create a genuine issue for trial and
arguments of counsel are not evidence. See One 1970 Mercury Cougar v. Tunica Cty., 115
So. 3d 792, 796 (¶20) (Miss. 2013).
¶26. While Allen acknowledges the standard under Rule 56(c), she asserts an exception to
this rule is set forth in Rule 56(f). Rule 56(f) provides:
Should it appear from the affidavits of a party opposing the motion that he
cannot for reasons stated present by affidavit facts essential to justify his
opposition, the court may refuse the application for judgment or may order a
continuance to permit affidavits to be obtained or depositions to be taken or
discovery to be had or may make such order as is just.
However, despite Allen’s reliance on Rule 56(f), the record is void of any affidavit or motion
pursuant to Rule 56(f). Indeed, Allen “admits that no affidavit was submitted [pursuant to
Rule 56(f)] supporting the reasons for failure to obtain affidavits creating fact issues.”
¶27. Additionally, although Allen asserts “that there were fact issues that could likely have
9
been established if the parties were allowed to conduct discovery,” the record shows that in
the months during which this case was pending, Allen did not propound written discovery
or even informally request that documentation be produced. Moreover, “parties may not . . .
escape summary judgment by outlining what they might discover later.” Franklin Collection
Serv., Inc. v. Kyle, 955 So. 2d 284, 291 (¶24) (Miss. 2007).
¶28. As Allen failed to set forth specific facts showing that there was a genuine issue for
trial, summary judgment was proper. Accordingly, we affirm.
¶29. AFFIRMED.
LEE, C.J., IRVING, P.J., BARNES, CARLTON, FAIR, GREENLEE,
WESTBROOKS AND TINDELL, JJ., CONCUR. WILSON, J., CONCURS IN PART
AND IN THE RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
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