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Appellate Court Date: 2017.12.06
11:34:21 -06'00'
People v. Bridges, 2017 IL App (2d) 150718
Appellate Court THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.
Caption ANDRE BRIDGES, Defendant-Appellant.
District & No. Second District
Docket No. 2-15-0718
Filed October 6, 2017
Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Lake County, No. 13-CF-1552; the
Review Hon. Daniel B. Shanes, Judge, presiding.
Judgment Vacated and remanded.
Counsel on Michael J. Pelletier, Thomas A. Lilien, and Ann Marie Fick, of State
Appeal Appellate Defender’s Office, of Elgin, for appellant.
Michael G. Nerheim, State’s Attorney, of Waukegan (Patrick Delfino,
Lawrence M. Bauer, and Sally Ann Swiss, of State’s Attorneys
Appellate Prosecutor’s Office, of counsel), for the People.
Panel JUSTICE JORGENSEN delivered the judgment of the court, with
opinion.
Justices McLaren and Zenoff concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 Defendant, Andre Bridges, entered a negotiated plea of guilty in the circuit court of Lake
County to a single count of aggravated battery with a firearm (720 ILCS 5/12-3.05(e)(1) (West
2012)). In exchange for defendant’s plea, he was sentenced to an 18-year prison term and the
State dismissed charges of first-degree murder (720 ILCS 5/9-1 (West 2012)). Defendant
subsequently moved, pro se, to withdraw his guilty plea. The trial court appointed counsel,
who filed an amended motion. The trial court denied the amended motion. Defendant argues
on appeal that the proceedings on the amended motion did not comply with Illinois Supreme
Court Rule 604(d) (eff. July 1, 2017). Defendant notes that counsel failed to support the
amended motion with an affidavit as to matters not based on the record. Furthermore,
according to defendant, the hearing on the amended motion was perfunctory and was
improperly held in his absence. We vacate and remand for proceedings in compliance with
Rule 604(d).
¶2 The first-degree murder charges against defendant arose from the shooting death of James
Myles. As the factual basis for defendant’s plea of guilty to the less serious charge of
aggravated battery with a firearm, it was stipulated that “on June 1st, 2013 after a confrontation
in an alley in North Chicago, the defendant discharged a firearm in the direction of James
Miles [sic] and in fact struck James Miles [sic] about the body.” In his pro se motion to
withdraw his plea, defendant asserted that he “had inadequate representation by counsel” and
“was not mentally compentent [sic] to enter a plea.” The motion was supported by an affidavit,
which added that defendant’s plea “was the result of coercion (force or threats).” The amended
motion filed by counsel elaborated on these claims, alleging as follows:
“g. [Defendant’s] plea was made under duress.
h. While this cause was pending, acts of violence were perpetrated upon
[defendant’s] mother.
i. Two days after the victim in this case was killed, but prior to [defendant’s]
arrest, [his mother’s] home was shot at. The bullets landed in the couch and near a
bed; if [defendant’s mother] or another family member had been present, they
would have been hit by the bullets.
ii. After [defendant’s] arrest, the same individuals [his mother] believes were
responsible for the shooting loitered outside [her] workplace; [she] required a
police escort home.
iii. [Defendant] learned of these incidents directly from his mother.
iv. However, through discussions with fellow inmates in the Lake County Jail,
[defendant] learned that the violence and threats of further violence were targeted
toward [defendant], and were intended to send a message to [defendant].
i. [Defendant] entered his plea of guilty in an objectively reasonable attempt to
prevent future violence against his mother. Thus his plea was involuntary.
j. Further, [defendant] was not properly medicated at the time of his plea, and
therefore, his plea was not intelligently made.
k. Due to inappropriate medication, [defendant] did not intelligently give up his
right to trial.
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l. [Defendant] is diagnosed as Bipolar and suffers from ADHD.
m. His doctor prescribed Adderall, Trileptal, Seroquel (Quetiapine), and
Dextroamphetamine.
n. While in the Lake County Jail, [defendant] was given Quetiapine, but was not
provided with his other mediations [sic].
o. While incarcerated in LCJ, [defendant] suffered from anxiety, mood swings,
tremors, and unusually bad dreams.
p. [Defendant] complained to the medical staff at the jail that the medications were
not working for him, but his medication did not change.
q. [Defendant] believes that this change in medication affected his mental
capabilities while in custody.
r. Based upon the insufficient treatment of [defendant’s] symptoms, [defendant] did
not intelligently give up his right to trial. His judgment was clouded and he could not
reach a reasoned decision.”
The amended motion was not supported by an affidavit. However, counsel filed a certificate of
compliance with Rule 604(d).
¶3 The State initially argued that defendant’s pro se motion was not timely filed and that the
trial court lacked jurisdiction. At a status hearing on April 30, 2015, the State conceded that the
pro se motion had been timely filed and that the amended motion was therefore properly
before the trial court for a decision on the merits. The trial court asked whether the case should
be continued for argument on the substantive issues raised in the amended motion. Defense
counsel responded that the amended motion “laid [the substantive issues] out.” She added: “I
could have [defendant] testify to that. I don’t know if there is any issues about any of the
factual issues made by [defendant].” The trial court then asked the prosecutor, “Are you
contesting any of the factual issues or is this a legal issue?” The prosecutor responded, “[Y]our
Honor took the plea from the Defendant and inquired of the Defendant if he understands
everything and if there has been any threats, the defendant indicated no.” The parties indicated
that they had no evidence to present, and the trial court continued the matter to June 16, 2015,
for a ruling on the motion.
¶4 Defendant was not present at the April 30, 2015, status hearing. Nor was he present on June
16, 2015, when the trial court announced its decision after the State and defense counsel
declined an invitation to present any additional argument. With respect to the medications that
defendant alleged he was not receiving, the trial court noted that “there’s nothing in the record
to show that the defendant needed to be prescribed any of these other medications in order to
make a voluntary and intelligent waiver of his rights to trial.” The trial court noted that
defendant appeared to be intelligent and “cognizant of all the issues that were being
discussed,” not only when he entered his plea “but on every date on which he appeared before
the Court.” The trial court also found that the alleged harassment of defendant’s mother did not
render his plea involuntary.
¶5 Rule 604(d) provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
“No appeal from a judgment entered upon a plea of guilty shall be taken unless the
defendant, within 30 days of the date on which sentence is imposed, files in the trial
court a motion to reconsider the sentence, if only the sentence is being challenged, or, if
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the plea is being challenged, a motion to withdraw the plea of guilty and vacate the
judgment.
No appeal shall be taken upon a negotiated plea of guilty challenging the sentence
as excessive unless the defendant, within 30 days of the imposition of sentence, files a
motion to withdraw the plea of guilty and vacate the judgment. ***
The motion shall be in writing and shall state the grounds therefor. When the
motion is based on facts that do not appear of record it shall be supported by affidavit
***. *** The trial court shall then determine whether the defendant is represented by
counsel, and if the defendant is indigent and desires counsel, the trial court shall
appoint counsel.
*** The defendant’s attorney shall file with the trial court a certificate stating that
the attorney has consulted with the defendant either by phone, mail, electronic means
or in person to ascertain defendant’s contentions of error in the sentence and the entry
of the plea of guilty, has examined the trial court file and both the report of proceedings
of the plea of guilty and the report of proceedings in the sentencing hearing, and has
made any amendments to the motion necessary for adequate presentation of any
defects in those proceedings.
The motion shall be heard promptly, and if allowed, the trial court shall modify the
sentence or vacate the judgment and permit the defendant to withdraw the plea of guilty
and plead anew. If the motion is denied, a notice of appeal from the judgment and
sentence shall be filed within the time allowed in Rule 606, measured from the date of
entry of the order denying the motion. Upon appeal any issue not raised by the
defendant in the motion to reconsider the sentence or withdraw the plea of guilty and
vacate the judgment shall be deemed waived.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 604(d) (eff. July 1, 2017).
¶6 It is well established that strict compliance with Rule 604(d) is required. People v. Janes,
158 Ill. 2d 27, 33 (1994). Where the defendant fails to file the proper motion, the appeal must
be dismissed. People v. Wilk, 124 Ill. 2d 93, 107 (1988). However, the proper remedy for
failure to strictly comply with Rule 604(d)’s other requirements is “a remand to the circuit
court for the [opportunity to file] a new motion to withdraw guilty plea or to reconsider
sentence and a new hearing on the motion.” Janes, 158 Ill. 2d at 33.1
¶7 There is no dispute that defendant filed the requisite motion to withdraw his plea, so Wilk’s
dismissal rule does not apply. We thus consider whether there was a failure to strictly comply
with other aspects of the rule, necessitating a remand pursuant to Janes.
1
Defendant occasionally refers to the principles governing claims of ineffective assistance of
counsel. Such claims are evaluated under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 694 (1984),
which requires a showing that counsel’s performance “fell below an objective standard of
reasonableness” and that the deficient performance was prejudicial in that “there is a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.” Seizing on the references to Strickland, the State contends that our decision “will turn on
whether counsel’s acts or failure to act, as described by defendant, were the result of counsel’s
deficient performance which prejudiced defendant under Strickland.” We disagree. The remedy
prescribed by Janes for failure to strictly comply with Rule 604(d) does not depend on a showing of
ineffective assistance of counsel. See People v. Tejada-Soto, 2012 IL App (2d) 110188, ¶ 16
(describing circumstances when Strickland does apply to postplea proceedings). The dispositive
question is simply whether the proceedings below were in strict compliance with Rule 604(d).
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¶8 As seen, where the defendant moves to withdraw his or her plea, Rule 604(d) requires
counsel to certify that he or she has made any amendments to the defendant’s motion that are
necessary for adequate presentation of any defects in the proceedings relating to the
defendant’s plea. Although counsel here filed a facially valid certificate of compliance, we
may consult the record to determine whether she actually fulfilled her obligations under Rule
604(d). For instance, in People v. Little, 337 Ill. App. 3d 619 (2003), the court’s conclusion
that counsel had not strictly complied with Rule 604(d) was based, in part, on the record’s
refutation of counsel’s certificate of compliance. In Little, counsel certified that he had
examined the report of proceedings of the defendant’s guilty plea. However, counsel filed the
certificate before the report of proceedings had been prepared and filed.
¶9 Here, the record refutes counsel’s certification that she made any amendments to the
motion necessary for adequate presentation of any defects in the plea proceedings. Counsel
added new, detailed allegations to defendant’s motion to withdraw his plea, but those
allegations were not supported by the record. As seen, under Rule 604(d), facts that do not
appear of record must be supported by an affidavit. Thus, to fulfill her duty to amend
defendant’s motion, counsel had to attach an affidavit substantiating the new allegations. See
People v. Dismuke, 355 Ill. App. 3d 606, 608 (2005) (where counsel failed to attach documents
containing facts upon which motion was based, motion did not adequately present defects in
the relevant proceedings). Counsel not only failed to attach an affidavit but also failed to
present defendant’s testimony or any other evidence in support of defendant’s motion. The
trial court thus had no basis for deciding the motion other than its own recollection of
defendant’s demeanor during the plea proceedings.
¶ 10 We also conclude that the hearing on the motion was inadequate to satisfy Rule 604(d)’s
strict-compliance standard. A hearing on a motion to withdraw a defendant’s guilty plea must
be more than a charade performed only to allow an appeal to proceed. See Tejada-Soto, 2012
IL App (2d) 110188, ¶ 14 (hearing on remand pursuant to Janes for compliance with Rule
604(d)). People v. Keele, 210 Ill. App. 3d 898 (1991), is instructive. In Keele, the motion to
withdraw stated that the defendant’s plea was involuntary, but the motion lacked specificity.
The defendant’s attorney presented no evidence or argument on the motion and, indeed, asked
that the motion be denied. The Keele court observed as follows:
“Our understanding is that Rule 604(d) contemplates more than the mere pro forma
filing of a motion as occurred here. Rule 604(d) was designed to eliminate needless
trips to the appellate court and to give the trial court an opportunity to consider alleged
errors and to make a record for the appellate court to consider on review in these cases
where defendants’ claims are disallowed. [Citation.] The rule ensures that before a
criminal appeal can be taken from a guilty plea, the trial judge who accepted the plea
and imposed sentence be given the opportunity, at a time when witnesses are still
available and memories are fresh, to hear the allegations of improprieties that took
place outside the official proceedings and dehors the record but nevertheless were
unwittingly given sanction in the courtroom. [Citation.] Such a hearing allows for the
trial court to immediately correct any improper conduct or any errors which may have
produced a guilty plea. [Citations.] Naturally, the trial court is the place for fact-finding
to occur and for a record to be made concerning the factual basis upon which a
defendant relies for the grounds to withdraw a guilty plea. [Citation.] For these reasons,
a relaxed standard of compliance with Rule 604(d) can no longer be accepted.
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[Citation.] Strict adherence to the rule allows courts of review to ascertain the integrity
of the parties’ assertions of fact and law, all of which is essential to the expeditious and
accurate determination of appeals. [Citation.]” Id. at 902-03.
¶ 11 The Keele court concluded that “Rule 604(d) does not contemplate the perfunctory type of
motion and hearing that occurred in this instance.” Id. at 903. Unlike in Keele, counsel in this
case prepared a detailed amended motion to withdraw defendant’s plea and did not explicitly
concede that the motion should be denied. However, counsel’s failure to offer any argument or
evidence in support of the motion functioned as a concession that the motion was without
merit. Thus, the hearing in this case served little purpose other than to clear a procedural hurdle
to this appeal. It is noteworthy that defendant was not even present at the hearing. “While a
defendant has no absolute right to be present at a hearing on a motion to vacate a guilty plea, if
the motion alleges facts outside the record or raises issues which may not be resolved without
an evidentiary hearing, defendant should be present.” People v. Barnes, 263 Ill. App. 3d 736,
739 (1994).
¶ 12 For the foregoing reasons, we vacate the denial of defendant’s amended motion to
withdraw his plea, and we remand the cause to the circuit court of Lake County for “(1) the
filing of a [valid] Rule 604(d) certificate; (2) the opportunity to file a new motion to withdraw
the guilty plea and/or reconsider the sentence, if counsel concludes that a new motion is
necessary; and (3) a new motion hearing.” People v. Lindsay, 239 Ill. 2d 522, 531 (2011).
¶ 13 Vacated and remanded.
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