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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
T.D. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JONATHAN REESE :
:
Appellant : No. 516 MDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered March 8, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Northumberland County Civil Division at
No(s): CV-2017-00036
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED DECEMBER 20, 2017
Jonathan Reese appeals from the trial court’s final sexual violence
protection order entered against him, after Appellee T.D. filed a petition for
protection on behalf of his now 10 year-old daughter, C.D. (d/o/b 8/07). After
careful review, we affirm.
On January 6, 2017, T.D. filed a petition pursuant to Pennsylvania’s
Protection of Victims of Sexual Violence or Intimidation Act (“the Act”)1
alleging that C.D. had told him that Reese had “touched her down below” when
she would visit with her mother,2 that C.D. would come home to his house
with different underwear on, and that mother would unnecessarily bathe her
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1 See 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 62A01-62A20. In 2000, the Act was amended to allow
for its use in civil proceedings. Fidler v. Cunningham-Small, 871 A.2d 231,
235 (Pa. Super. 2005).
2 In his answer, Reese alleges that C.D.’s mother resides on the second floor
of Reese’s residence and that they share a common kitchen.
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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and wash her in the vaginal area. Petition for Sexual Violence Protection
Order, 1/6/17, at ¶ 5. On January 18, 2017, after an ex parte hearing, the
court entered a temporary order of protection and scheduled a full hearing on
the petition for January 30, 2017. On January 26, 2017, Reese’s counsel
requested a continuance due to the fact that he was attached for an
adjudication hearing in Schuylkill County on January 30, 2017, at 9:30 a.m.
The application noted that counsel had been unable to reach opposing counsel
to notify him of the request. The court granted the continuance, continuing
the hearing until February 8, 2017. On January 27, 2017, Reese’s counsel
requested another continuance, noting that he was attached in Lehigh County
Court for a status conference on February 8, 2017. The court granted the
continuance until February 15, 2017.
On February 8, 2017, T.D. filed a notice of his intention to proceed under
the Tender Years Exception, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5985.1(a)(2), requesting that the
court admit the statements of other witnesses,3 in lieu of C.D. testifying. The
court scheduled an in camera hearing with regard to T.D.’s motion to proceed
under the Tender Years Exception. On March 8, 2017, the court held a hearing
on T.D.’s petition. At the beginning of the hearing, the court permitted T.D.
to proceed under the Tender Years Exception, deeming C.D. unavailable to
testify. At the hearing, the court heard the testimony from T.D., the CAC
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3 The witnesses were listed as a forensic interviewer from the Child Advocacy
Center (“CAC”), T.D. himself, and C.D.’s learning support teacher. The
forensic interviewer had conducted an interview of C.D.
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forensic interviewer, and C.D.’s learning support teacher. Reese and C.D.’s
mom testified for the defense. Later that day, the court entered the instant
order that prohibits Reese from abusing, harassing, stalking or threatening
C.D. or engaging in any form of contact with her for three years.
Reese filed a timely notice of appeal and court-ordered Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. On appeal, he
raises the following issues for our consideration:
(1) Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law or abused
its discretion by granting two continuances in favor of [T.D.]
over the objection of [Reese’s] counsel.
(2) Whether the trial court erred as a matter o[f] law or abused
its discretion by allowing [T.D.] to proceed under the Tender
Years Exception to hearsay testimony pursuant to 42
Pa.C.S.A. § 5985.1(A)(2)(I).
(3) Whether the trial court erred as a matter o[f] law or abused
its discretion when admitting into evidence the video played
by [T.D.] over the objection of [Reese’s] counsel.
(4) Whether the trial court erred as a matter o[f] law or abused
its discretion when the trial court found in favor of [T.D.]
and against [Reese] and granted a final sexual violence
protection order in favor of [T.D.] and against [Reese].
Appellant’s Brief, at 3-4.
Reese first contends that the trial court erred in granting two
continuances requested by T.D., during the course of proceedings, and over
Reese’s objection.
The certified record contains two applications for continuances filed by
Reese’s own counsel, not T.D.’s, due to his attachment for proceedings in
Lehigh and Northumberland Counties in unrelated cases. Moreover, to the
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extent that Reese claims the court granted continuances in favor of T.D. during
court proceedings, Reese has failed to include, in the certified record, the
notes of testimony from those proceedings. It is well settled that an appellate
court may only consider the materials in the certified record when resolving
an issue. Commonwealth v. Walker, 878 A.2d 887 (Pa. Super. 2005). See
Lundy v. Manchel, 865 A.2d 850 (Pa. Super. 2004) (explaining that law
regarding waiver for deficiencies in certified record applies in both civil and
criminal context). Because we cannot meaningfully review this issue without
the relevant portions of the transcribed proceedings, we find the issue has
been waived.
In his next issue on appeal, Reese contends that the court impermissibly
allowed T.D. to proceed under the Tender Years Exception despite his failure
to comply with the Tender Years Hearsay Act. Specifically, Reese asserts that
T.D.: did not proceed under the proper subsection of the Act, section
5985.1(a)(2)(ii), which does not require the child to testify; did not request
that C.D. be deemed unavailable to testify; and did not allege that C.D. would
suffer substantial emotional distress that would impair her ability to
communicate.
The Tender Years Exception to the rule against hearsay, which is set
forth in 42 Pa.C.S. § 5985.1, permits a hearsay statement of a child sexual
abuse victim under the age of 12 to be admissible if the evidence is relevant
and the time, content and circumstances of the statement provide sufficient
indicia of reliability. Id. at § 5985.1(a). The Tender Years Exception allows
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for the admission of a child’s out-of-court statement due to the fragile nature
of young victims of sexual abuse. Commonwealth v. Hunzer, 868 A.2d 498
(Pa. Super. 2005). Under the Act, the out-of-court statement is admissible in
evidence in any criminal or civil proceeding if:
(1) the court finds, in an in camera hearing, that the evidence
is relevant and that the time, content and circumstances of
the statement provide sufficient indicia of reliability; and
(2) the child either:
(i) testifies at the proceeding; or
(ii) is unavailable as a witness.
42 Pa.C.S. § 5985.1(a)(1), (2).
To support his argument on this issue, Reese again references a
proceeding which has not been included in the certified record for our review.
See Appellant’s Brief, at 30 (“At the time of the initial hearing on [T.D.’s]
SVPO on January 18, 2017, [T.D.] attempted to proceed with presenting only
the child’s hearsay statements without any prior notification of his intention
to use them, let alone the notice required under 42 Pa.C.S. § 5985.1(b).”).
Although he has included it in the reproduced record on appeal, a deficiency
cannot be remedied by merely including copies of the missing documents in a
brief or reproduced record. Walker, supra. Therefore, we find this issue
waived on appeal.4
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4We note that even if we were able to review the merits of Reese’s claim, T.D.
provided notice of the forensic interview conducted by a CAC member with
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In his next issue, Reese contends that the trial court improperly
admitted into evidence the CAC video interview with C.D. Specifically, Reese
argues that T.D. never requested the admission of the video he ultimately
played into evidence or offered it as an exhibit for inclusion in the record.
Appellant’s Brief, at 25.
The admission or exclusion of evidence is within the sound discretion of
the trial court, and in reviewing a challenge to the admissibility of evidence,
an appellate court will only reverse a ruling by the trial court upon a showing
that it abused its discretion or committed an error of law. Cunningham-
Small, supra. A trial court has wide discretion in ruling on the relevancy of
evidence and its rulings will not be reversed absent an abuse of discretion.
Id.
In Cunningham-Small, supra, a father presented the trial court with
videotaped interviews of his minor daughters that were conducted by the
county children and youth agency. The father suspected the girls were being
sexually abused by their mother’s husband. Mother objected to the admission
of the tapes, however the court reviewed them in camera to determine their
relevance and reliability under the Tender Years Act. In coming to its decision
to admit the tapes as substantive evidence, the court also relied on the
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C.D. Moreover, Reese received a copy of that interview well in advance of the
March 2017 hearing to prepare a proper defense. Cf. Commonwealth v.
Crossley, 711 A.2d 1025 (Pa. Super. 1998).
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testimony of the Agency’s investigator, who had extensive experience with
the girls and the case.
Here, Reese’s counsel objected to the video being played at the
proceedings, as well as its admission. See N.T. Protection from Sexual
Violence Hearing, 3/8/17, at 28. Although the video was not formally
admitted into evidence, T.D. had notified Reese that he would be using the
videotape in lieu of C.D.’s testimony under the Tender Years Exception and
also notified him that the CAC forensic interviewer would be a potential
witness at the proceeding. Reese also had the opportunity to cross-examine
the interviewer at the hearing. Moreover, the trial court had already viewed
the video and found that it could be properly used in the proceedings. Reese
has not alleged how he has been prejudiced by the process of the video’s
admission. Under such circumstances, we fail to find that the trial court
abused its discretion5 in permitting the tape to be used as evidence during the
hearing.
In his final issue, Reese claims that the evidence was insufficient to
prove “sexual violence,” as defined by the Act, where the only testifying
witnesses who had direct knowledge of the events occurring in the residence
where the alleged sexual violence occurred testified that Reese was never
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5 We note, however, that at the conclusion of the Protection from Sexual
Violence Hearing, the court stated “[a]s to the video I’m certainly going to
accept it into evidence. A copy was available to the defense, and the defense
in its closing referred frequently to the contents of the video.” N.T. Protection
from Sexual Violence Hearing, 3/8/17, at 64 (emphasis added).
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alone with C.D. and only saw her “momentarily on a few occasions.”
Appellant’s Brief, at 29. He also claims that C.D.’s communication disorder
makes it unclear whether she was in fact the victim of sexual violence. This
claim raises a weight of the evidence challenge.
The court reviews the propriety of an order entered pursuant to the Act
for an abuse of discretion or an error of law. E.A.M. v. A.M.D., 2017 PA
Super. 341 (Pa. Super. 2017). The court has described this standard as not
merely an error of judgment, but if in reaching a conclusion the law is
overridden or misapplied, or the judgment exercised is manifestly
unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will, as shown by
the evidence or the record, discretion is abused. Id.
Under section 62A06(a) of the Act, a court is required to hold a hearing
where the plaintiff must: (1) assert that the plaintiff or another individual, as
appropriate, is a victim of sexual violence or intimidation committed by the
defendant; and (2) prove by preponderance of the evidence that the plaintiff
or another individual, as appropriate, is at a continued risk of harm from the
defendant.6 42 Pa.C.S. § 62A06(a)(1), (2). Sexual violence under the Act is
defined as “[c]onduct constituting a crime . . . between persons who are not
family or household members . . . [which includes conduct] relating to
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6 To the extent that Reese challenges whether C.D. was at a continued risk of
harm under the Act, we note that Mother violated a prior custody order by
moving into a house where Reese lived and then refused to agree on a third
party to supervise her visitation with C.D. From her position taken throughout
the case, it is clear that Mother supports Reese which demonstrates that C.D.
is at a continued risk of harm from Reese.
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endangering the welfare of children if the offense involved sexual contact with
the victim . . . [or] unlawful contact with a minor.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 62A03. The
Act provides the victim with a civil remedy requiring the offender to stay away
from the victim, as well as other appropriate relief. Id. at § 62A02.
Instantly, T.D. testified that C.D. told him Reese touched her in her
crotch area. N.T. Protection from Sexual Violence Hearing, 3/8/17, at 20.
Moreover, the CDC interviewer and C.D.’s learning support teacher both
testified that C.D. told them Reese had touched her down below. Under such
circumstances we conclude that there was sufficient evidence to prove, by a
preponderance of the evidence, that C.D. was a victim of sexual violence and
that she is continued risk of harm. 42 Pa.C.S. § 62A03. The trial court, as
factfinder, was in the position to credit plaintiff’s witnesses over those of the
defense. Gutteridge v. J3 Energy Grp., Inc., 165 A.3d 908 (Pa. Super.
2017) (en banc), citing Ecksel v. Orleans Constr. Co., 519 A.2d 1021 (Pa.
Super. 1987). Accordingly, the court did not abuse its discretion or commit
an error of law in entering the sexual protection order against Reese.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/20/2017
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