Involuntary Termination of the Parent-Child Relationship of C.H., Minor Child, and A.H. v. Indiana Department of Child Services (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be Dec 29 2017, 9:55 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
CLERK
court except for the purpose of establishing Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
the defense of res judicata, collateral and Tax Court

estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Andrew J. Sickmann Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Richmond, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana

Aaron T. Craft
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Involuntary Termination of the December 29, 2017
Parent-Child Relationship of Court of Appeals Case No.
C.H., Minor Child, and A.H., 89A01-1708-JT-1781
Appellant-Defendant, Appeal from the Wayne Superior
Court
v. The Honorable Darrin M.
Dolehanty, Judge
Indiana Department of Child Trial Court Cause No.
Services, 89D03-1703-JT-7
Appellee-Plaintiff

Altice, Judge.

Case Summary
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[1] A.H. (Father) appeals following the termination of his parental rights to his

daughter, C.H. (Child). On appeal, Father argues that the trial court’s

judgment is not supported by its findings.

[2] We affirm.

Facts & Procedural History

[3] Child was born to Y.H. (Mother) and Father in April 2009. Mother died of a

drug overdose in November 2015, and Father was incarcerated and therefore

unavailable to care for Child. As a result, the Department of Child Services

(DCS) placed Child in a relative foster placement with her uncle (Uncle). Child

was adjudicated a Child in Need of Services (CHINS) on November 18, 2015.

[4] At the beginning of the CHINS case, DCS could provide only minimal services

to Father due to his incarceration. Nevertheless, Father participated in the

Fatherhood Engagement Program (FEP) during his incarceration, and he also

voluntarily completed a substance abuse program offered at the jail. Father also

had regular contact with Child during his incarceration—Uncle brought Child

to the jail to visit a few times and Father called about twice per week.

[5] Upon his release from jail in June 2016, Father was referred for additional

services, including a parenting assessment, case management, a substance abuse

assessment, and individual counseling. Father, who has struggled with

addiction for many years, requested substance abuse services and individual

counseling to help him process his grief over Mother’s death. Father obtained

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 employment in August 2016, working first shift as well as significant overtime.

Father’s work schedule prevented him from participating in most services until

February 2017, when he took it upon himself to switch to second shift.

Thereafter, Father became more engaged in services.

[6] DCS assisted Father in obtaining housing and paid his first month’s rent and

deposit in October 2016. Before DCS would provide this assistance, Father was

required to provide paystubs evidencing his ability to pay his rent going

forward. Nevertheless, Father got behind in rent almost immediately. Father

could not explain why he was unable to pay his rent, but he admitted that he

spent $175 on crack cocaine on one occasion. Father also indicated that he had

bought cigarettes and other miscellaneous items, as well as gifts for Child.

Additionally, when Family Case Manager (FCM) Scarlett Hughes visited

Father’s apartment, she was troubled by its condition. There was dog urine on

the floors, a can of cigarette butts and cigarette ashes all over the floor, the sink

was full of dirty dishes, and dirty laundry was piling up. Father was also

allowing another person to live with him in violation of his lease. Father was

evicted from his apartment, but refused to vacate and continued to reside there

at the time of the termination hearing. A new eviction complaint was filed

against him the day before the termination hearing.

[7] Father admitted to being an addict for twenty years and that his unresolved

grief over Mother’s death had contributed to his repeated relapses. After his

release from jail in June 2016, Father maintained sobriety for a few months.

On October 2016, one of Father’s visits with Child was cancelled due to

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 Father’s intoxication. Additionally, on one occasion in February 2017, FCM

Hughes went to Father’s apartment and could not get anyone to answer the

door, although she could hear people inside. After about thirty minutes of

knocking, FCM Hughes called the police and asked for a wellness check.

When officers arrived and got Father to come outside, he was stumbling, his

eyes were red, and he was very agitated. When Father later discussed the

incident with FCM Hughes, he blamed his intoxication on his grief and

inability to cope with Mother’s death.

[8] After switching to second shift in February 2017, Father began participating in

an intensive outpatient drug treatment program. During the first phase of the

program, Father was very engaged and appeared to be responding positively.

Father abstained from using drugs from February until May 2017. Despite his

continued participation in drug treatment, however, Father relapsed in May

and continued to use cocaine and opiates up until a week before the termination

hearing.

[9] Additionally, on June 21, 2017, Father was fired from his job for missing work.

Father claimed he was fired because he missed one day due to illness, but he

did not seek medical attention. Father declined his FEP case manager’s offers

to help him find another job, claiming at first that he was too ill and later that

he was too depressed.

[10] DCS filed a petition to terminate Father’s parental rights on March 2, 2017. A

factfinding hearing was held on July 13, 2017, and on July 19, 2017, the trial

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 court issued its order terminating the parent-child relationship between Father

and Child.1 Father now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as

necessary.

Discussion & Decision

[11] When reviewing the termination of parental rights, we will not reweigh the

evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258,

265 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. Instead, we consider only the evidence

and reasonable inferences most favorable to the judgment. Id. In deference to

the trial court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we will set aside its

judgment terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is clearly erroneous.

In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied. Thus, if the

evidence and inferences support the decision, we must affirm. Id.

[12] The trial court entered findings in its order terminating Father’s parental rights.

When the trial court enters specific findings of fact and conclusions thereon, we

apply a two-tiered standard of review. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family &

Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind. 2005). First, we determine whether the

evidence supports the findings, and second, we determine whether the findings

support the judgment. Id. “Findings are clearly erroneous only when the

record contains no facts to support them either directly or by inference.” Quillen

1
The trial court’s order was very detailed and thoughtful, and it has been immensely helpful to our
consideration of the issues before us.

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 v. Quillen, 671 N.E.2d 98, 102 (Ind. 1996). A judgment is clearly erroneous

only if the findings do not support the court’s conclusions or the conclusions do

not support the judgment thereon. Id.

[13] We recognize that the traditional right of parents to “establish a home and raise

their children is protected by the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States

Constitution.” In re M.B., 666 N.E.2d 73, 76 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied.

Although parental rights are of constitutional dimension, the law provides for

the termination of these rights when parents are unable or unwilling to meet

their parental responsibilities. In re R.H., 892 N.E.2d 144, 149 (Ind. Ct. App.

2008). In addition, a court must subordinate the interests of the parents to those

of the child when evaluating the circumstances surrounding the termination. In

re K.S., 750 N.E.2d 832, 836 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). The purpose of terminating

parental rights is not to punish the parents, but to protect their children. Id.

[14] Before an involuntary termination of parental rights may occur in Indiana, DCS

is required to allege and prove by clear and convincing evidence, among other

things:

(B) that one (1) of the following is true:

(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
placement outside the home of the parents will not be
remedied.

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 (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
being of the child.

(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
adjudicated a child in need of services[.]

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B). DCS must also prove by clear and convincing

evidence that termination is in the best interests of the child. I.C. § 31-35-2-

4(b)(2)(C).

[15] Father first challenges the trial court’s finding pursuant to subsection (b)(2)(B)(i)

that there is a reasonable probability that the conditions resulting in Child’s

removal and continued placement outside his care will not be remedied. In

making such a determination, the trial court must judge a parent’s fitness to

care for his or her child at the time of the termination hearing, taking into

consideration evidence of changed conditions. In re J.T., 742 N.E.2d 509, 512

(Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans. denied. The court must also evaluate the parent’s

habitual patterns of conduct to determine whether there is a substantial

probability of future neglect or deprivation of the child. Id. The trial court may

properly consider evidence of a parent’s prior criminal history, drug and alcohol

abuse, history of neglect, failure to provide support, and lack of adequate

housing and employment. A.F. v. Marion Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 762

N.E.2d 1244, 1251 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), trans. denied. The court may also

consider the parent’s response to the services offered through DCS. Lang v.

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 Starke Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 861 N.E.2d 366, 372 (Ind. Ct. App.

2007), trans. denied.

[16] Additionally, DCS need not provide evidence ruling out all possibilities of

change; rather, it need establish only that there is a reasonable probability the

parent’s behavior will not change. In re Involuntary Termination of Parent-Child

Relationship of Kay L., 867 N.E.2d 236, 242 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). Although a

trial court is required to give due regard to changed conditions, this does not

preclude a finding that a parent’s past behavior is the best predictor of his or her

future behavior. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d 636, 643 (Ind. 2014).

[17] The trial court entered the following relevant findings on this issue:

There is clear and convincing evidence to conclude that the
reasons why Child was removed from home originally, and the
barriers that arose subsequent to that removal, will not be
remedied. Child was taken into protective custody in November,
2015, because her mother had died, and her father was
incarcerated. Even while Father was incarcerated, his substance
abuse problems were identified, and services were initiated to
address that barrier to reunification. Of his own, Father enrolled
in and completed a jailhouse substance abuse program. Once
Father was released from jail, the DCS referred him to a much
more intensive substance abuse treatment program. Father
attended the treatment sessions, and moved into the “relapse
prevention” stage. Despite these efforts, Father has continued to
abuse illegal drugs. In so concluding, the Court does not
surrender Father’s treatment as a hopeless cause, or eternize that
he will never gain some level of control over his addictions.
Nonetheless, there exists an identifiable and reasonable
probability that this major obstruction to reunification will not be
overcome.

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 The parties stipulated that Father’s absence of transportation,
housing, and income were originally identified as barriers to
reunification. Father remains without transportation, however,
there was really no evidence to show that the absence of
transportation prevented Father from participating in services,
attending hearings, working, or exercising parenting time.
Father was able to obtain housing only through financial
intervention of the DCS, and even then, he was quickly behind
on rent, was “evicted” (although not removed) from his
residence, and is now facing another eviction lawsuit. Father
was employed for a stretch of several months, but has recently
lost his job, and seems to have given up on finding another. In
short, Father is back at square one regarding these three barriers
to reunification, and the evidence supports a reasonable
probability that he will not be able to address these issues.

Termination Order at 5, ¶ 3.2 Father does not argue that any of the trial court’s

factual findings are unsupported by the evidence. Instead, he directs our

attention to other findings concerning Father’s participation and progress in

services and his bond with Child in support of an argument that the trial court’s

findings do not support its judgment. In other words, Father invites us to

reweigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for that of the trial court,

which we will not do on appeal. The trial court’s conclusion that there is a

reasonable probability that the conditions resulting in Child’s continued

placement outside Father’s care will not be remedied is well-supported by the

evidence and findings.

2
Father has not included the trial court’s order in his Appellant’s Appendix, but he did electronically file the
order as an attachment to his brief. We therefore cite the order separately.

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[18] Father also challenges the trial court’s finding that termination of his parental

rights is in Child’s best interests. In determining whether termination of

parental rights is in the best interests of a child, the trial court is required to look

beyond the factors identified by DCS and consider the totality of the evidence.

In re J.C., 994 N.E.2d 278, 290 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). In so doing, the trial court

must subordinate the interest of the parent to those of the child, and the court

need not wait until a child is irreversibly harmed before terminating the parent-

child relationship. McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 798

N.E.2d 185, 199 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). Our Supreme Court has explained that

“[p]ermanency is a central consideration in determining the best interests of a

child.” In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1265 (Ind. 2009). “Moreover, we have

previously held that the recommendations of the case manager and court-

appointed advocate to terminate parental rights, in addition to evidence that the

conditions resulting in removal will not be remedied, is sufficient to show by

clear and convincing evidence that termination is in the child’s best interests.”

In re J.S., 906 N.E.2d 226, 236 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009).

[19] The trial court had the following to say concerning whether termination was in

Child’s best interests:

There is clear and convincing evidence to conclude that
terminating the parent-child relationship is in Child’s best
interest. [Child] is eight (8) years old, and has lived outside of
Father’s care for the most recent twenty percent (20%) of her life.
As Father was already incarcerated at the time [Child] was taken
into protective custody, that figure is at the low end. (No
evidence was presented regarding the duration of Father’s

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 incarceration prior to [Child] being taken into protective
custody.) Father is currently using illegal drugs, appears subject
to eviction from his residence, and is again unemployed. This
reality means that [Child] is not likely to be returned to Father’s
care in the near future.

At the same time, [Child] is thriving in her current placement.
She is engaged in services; is bright and cheerful, and is well
cared for and safe in her uncle’s home. The child loves her
father, and her father loves her in return. Nonetheless, [Child’s]
bests interests are met through termination of parental rights.

Termination Order at 5-6, ¶ 4. The trial court’s assessment of the situation is

persuasive, and we note further that FCM Hughes and the CASA both

recommended termination of Father’s parental rights and adoption by Uncle.

Child needs permanency and stability, and she has found both in Uncle’s home.

Although we do not doubt that Father loves Child very much and wishes to be

with her, he has demonstrated time and again that he is unable to care for her.

Indeed, Father admitted to the CASA that he was not even able to take care of

himself. The trial court’s finding that termination was in Child’s best interest

was supported by the evidence and findings, as was its judgment terminating

Father’s parental rights.

[20] Judgment affirmed.

[21] May, J. and Vaidik, C.J., concur.

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