In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
Filed: June 3, 2021
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
SANDRA BLEVINS, * No. 17-1161V
* Special Master Sanders
Petitioner, *
* UNPUBLISHED
v. *
*
SECRETARY OF HEALTH * Attorneys’ Fees and Costs
AND HUMAN SERVICES, *
*
Respondent. *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Robert J. Krakow, Law Office of Robert J. Krakow, P.C., New York, NY, for Petitioner;
Darryl R. Wishard, United States Dep’t of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent.
DECISION AWARDING ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1
On August 28, 2017, Sandra Blevins (“Petitioner”) filed a petition for compensation
pursuant to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.2 42 U.S.C. §300aa-10 et seq.
(2012). Petitioner alleged that the influenza vaccine she received on December 13, 2014, caused
her to sustain a shoulder injury related to vaccine administration. On November 24, 2020, the
parties filed a stipulation for award, which the undersigned adopted as her decision awarding
compensation on December 4, 2020. (ECF No. 86).
1
The undersigned intends to post this Ruling on the United States Court of Federal Claims' website. This
means the Ruling will be available to anyone with access to the Internet. In accordance with Vaccine
Rule 18(b), petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to redact medical or other information, the
disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of privacy. If, upon review, the undersigned
agrees that the identified material fits within this definition, the undersigned will redact such material from
public access. Because this unpublished ruling contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case,
the undersigned is required to post it on the United States Court of Federal Claims' website in accordance
with the E-Government Act of 2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012) (Federal Management and Promotion
of Electronic Government Services).
2
National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for ease
of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. § 300aa
(2012).
On February 19, 2021, Petitioner filed a motion for attorneys’ fees and costs. (ECF No. 91)
(“Fees App.”). Petitioner requests total attorneys’ fees and costs in the amount of $131,313.32,
representing $120,082.75 in attorneys’ fees and $11,230.57 in attorneys’ costs. Fees App. at 21.
Pursuant to General Order No. 9, Petitioner has indicated that she has not incurred any out of
pocket costs. Id. Respondent responded to the motion on February 19, 2021, stating that
Respondent “is satisfied that the statutory requirements for an award of attorneys’ fees and costs
are met in this case” and asking the Court to “exercise its discretion and determine a reasonable
award for attorneys’ fees and costs.” Resp’t’s Resp. at 2. (ECF No. 92). Petitioner filed a reply on
February 19, 2021. (ECF No. 93).
This matter is now ripe for consideration.
I. Reasonable Attorneys’ Fees and Costs
The Vaccine Act permits an award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs. § 15(e). The
Federal Circuit has approved the lodestar approach to determine reasonable attorneys’ fees and
costs under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1348 (Fed.
Cir. 2008). This is a two-step process. Id. First, a court determines an “initial estimate . . . by
‘multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly
rate.’” Id. at 1347–48 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). Second, the court may
make an upward or downward departure from the initial calculation of the fee award based on
specific findings. Id. at 1348.
It is “well within the special master’s discretion” to determine the reasonableness of fees.
Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521–22 (Fed. Cir. 1993); see also Hines
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 22 Cl. Ct. 750, 753 (1991). (“[T]he reviewing court must grant
the special master wide latitude in determining the reasonableness of both attorneys’ fees and
costs.”). Applications for attorneys’ fees must include contemporaneous and specific billing
records that indicate the work performed and the number of hours spent on said work. See Savin
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 85 Fed. Cl. 313, 316–18 (2008). Such applications, however,
should not include hours that are “‘excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.’” Saxton, 3
F.3d at 1521 (quoting Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)).
Reasonable hourly rates are determined by looking at the “prevailing market rate” in the
relevant community. See Blum, 465 U.S. at 895. The “prevailing market rate” is akin to the rate
“in the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience and
reputation.” Id. at 895, n.11. Petitioners bear the burden of providing adequate evidence to prove
that the requested hourly rate is reasonable. Id.
a. Hourly Rate
The decision in McCulloch provides a framework for consideration of appropriate ranges
for attorneys’ fees based upon the experience of the practicing attorney. McCulloch v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323, at *19 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1,
2015), motion for recons. denied, 2015 WL 6181910 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 21, 2015). The
Court has since updated the McCulloch rates, and the Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee
Schedules for 2015–2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 can be accessed online.3
Petitioner requests the following hourly rates for the work of her counsel, Mr. Robert
Krakow: $413.00 per hour for work performed in 2015, $425.00 per hour for work performed in
2016, $435.00 per hour for work performed in 2017, $450.00 per hour for work performed in 2018,
$464.00 per hour for work performed in 2019, $484.00 per hour for work performed in 2020, and
$509.00 per hour for work performed in 2021. These hourly rates are consistent with what counsel
has previously been awarded for their Vaccine Program work, and the undersigned finds them to
be reasonable herein for work performed in the instant case.
b. Reasonable Number of Hours
Attorneys’ fees are awarded for the “number of hours reasonably expended on the
litigation.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348. Counsel should not include in their fee requests hours that are
“excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1521 (quoting Hensley v.
Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)).
Upon review, the undersigned finds the overall hours billed to be largely reasonable.
Counsel has provided sufficiently detailed descriptions for the tasks performed, and upon review,
the undersigned has only identified one objectionable billing entry. On June 4, 2020, counsel billed
2.0 hours but has not included a description of the work performed. It is unclear whether the
inclusion of this entry was in error or whether counsel has just mistakenly failed to include a
description of the work, but it cannot be reimbursed, resulting in a reduction of $968.00.
Accordingly, Petitioner is entitled to final attorneys’ fees in the amount of $119,114.75.
c. Attorney Costs
Like attorneys’ fees, a request for reimbursement of attorneys’ costs must be reasonable.
Perreira v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (Fed. Cl. 1992). Petitioner requests
a total of $11,230.57 in attorneys’ costs, comprised of acquiring medical records, postage, the
Court’s filing fee, and work performed by petitioner’s medical expert, Dr. Dharmesh Vyas. Fees
App. Ex. 2 at 62-63. Petitioner has provided adequate documentation of all these expenses and
they appear reasonable for the work performed in this case.4 Petitioner is therefore awarded the
full amount of costs sought.
II. Conclusion
In accordance with the Vaccine Act, 42 U.S.C. §15(e) (2012), the undersigned has
reviewed the billing records and costs in this case and finds that Petitioner’s request for fees and
3
The OSM Fee Schedules are available at: http://www.cofc.uscourts.gov/node/2914. The hourly rates contained
within the schedules are updated from the decision in McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323.
4
Petitioner requests compensation for Dr. Vyas at $500.00 per hour. The undersigned finds that the amount billed is
reasonable for the work performed in the instant case and is not ruling that $500.00 per hour is or is not a reasonable
hourly rate for Dr. Vyas in any particular Vaccine Program case in the future.
costs, other than the reductions delineated above, is reasonable. Based on the above analysis, the
undersigned finds that it is reasonable to compensate Petitioner and her counsel as follows:
Attorneys’ Fees Requested $120,082.75
(Reduction to Fees) - ($968.00)
Total Attorneys’ Fees Awarded $119,114.75
Attorneys’ Costs Requested $11,230.57
(Reduction of Costs) -
Total Attorneys’ Costs Awarded $11,230.57
Total Attorneys’ Fees and Costs $130,345.32
Accordingly, the undersigned awards a lump sum in the amount of $130,345.32,
representing reimbursement for Petitioner’s attorneys’ fees and costs, in the form of a check
payable to Petitioner and Petitioner’s counsel, Mr. Robert Krakow.
In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the clerk of the
court is directed to enter judgment herewith.5
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/Herbrina D. Sanders
Herbrina D. Sanders
Special Master
5
Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by the parties’ joint filing of notice
renouncing the right to seek review.
Blevins v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
Combined Opinion