[Cite as In re J.F., 2021-Ohio-2301.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LUCAS COUNTY
In re J.F. Court of Appeals No. L-21-1004
L-21-1013
Trial Court No. JC 19274734
DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Decided: July 6, 2021
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Laurel A. Kendall, for appellant.
David T. Rudebock, for appellee.
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DUHART, J.
{¶ 1} This is a consolidated appeal from the December 23, 2020 judgment of the
Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which terminated appellants’
parental rights, and granted permanent custody of J.F., the child, to appellee, Lucas
County Children Services (“LCCS” or “agency”). For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
{¶ 2} Appellants set forth two assignments of error:
I. The trial court abused its discretion when it terminated mother’s
parental rights, when she had rebutted the presumption against termination
of rights pursuant to RC 2151.414(E)(11) by becoming and remaining
complaint [sic] with her case plan services, and when time remained on the
case.
II. The evidence supporting the trial court’s finding that the minor
child here could not be returned to her father was not clear and convincing
with [sic] he was compliant with his mental health services; was employed
and had stable housing; when no concerns for his parenting were expressed
at trial; and when time remained on the case.
Background
{¶ 3} Appellant, T.F., is the biological mother (“mother”) of six children, fathered
by different men. The youngest of mother’s children is J.F., who was born in May 2019,
and is the subject of the permanent custody award in this appeal. Appellant, Ja.F., is the
biological father (“father”) of only J.F.
{¶ 4} In June 2018, LCCS became involved with mother and three of her children
(“the children”), as they were homeless. Following an investigation, LCCS learned the
children: did not have medical care due to mother’s failure to follow up; were not
regularly attending school; and had been physically abused on a daily basis by mother.
{¶ 5} In July 2018, mother and father were married.
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{¶ 6} On September 26, 2018, LCCS filed a complaint and request for emergency
shelter care in Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, case No.
JC18270763, and interim temporary custody of the children was awarded to LCCS. In
December 2018, an adjudication hearing was held, after which two children were found
to be dependent and neglected and the third child was found to be dependent, neglected
and abused. Case plan services were offered including housing, mental health treatment,
substance abuse treatment, domestic violence classes and parenting classes. Mother
mostly had supervised, Level 1, visits with the children before her visits were suspended,
in late October 2019, due to concerns with mother: slapping one child; behaving
inappropriately with the children; and attempting to manipulate the children’s
disclosures. After visits were suspended, the children’s behaviors greatly improved, and
the children all indicated they did not wish to visit with mother.
{¶ 7} In July 2020, LCCS filed a motion for permanent custody of the children. In
October 2020, a trial was held, and on November 6, 2020, the court issued its judgment
entry awarding permanent custody of the children to LCCS. The court found, inter alia:
mother attempted to comply with the case plan requirements, but failed to take advantage
of the services available to her; mother struggled to accept any responsibility for her
actions and the negative impact her actions had on the children; mother did not
acknowledge the role she played in the children’s removal; mother failed to recognize the
trauma she inflicted on the children; the children have thrived in substitute care; the
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children’s wishes were to remain out of mother’s care; mother failed to remedy the
problems that caused the children to be placed outside of the home; mother suffers from a
chronic mental or emotional illness so severe that she is unable to parent the children;
mother demonstrated a lack of commitment to the children by her unwillingness to
provide an adequate permanent home; and the children were abandoned by their fathers.
Mother appealed; the judgment was affirmed. See In re S.W., R.W., J.W., 6th Dist. Lucas
No. L-20-1204, 2021-Ohio-2065.
{¶ 8} While in the midst of the case with the children, mother gave birth to J.F., in
May 2019. LCCS filed a complaint in dependency and motion for shelter care hearing in
Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, case No. JC19274734. A
hearing was held, and interim temporary custody of J.F. was awarded to LCCS.
{¶ 9} On July 15, 2019, mother and father were ordered to pay child support of
$80.00 per month for J.F. On January 16, 2020, mother filed a motion to terminate her
child support, as she claimed she is actively engaged in case plan service and is unable to
work.
{¶ 10} On May 20, 2020, mother filed a motion for legal custody of J.F. and to
determine support and visitation, and father filed a motion to change disposition and for
legal custody of J.F. On August 12, 2020, a hearing was held and LCCS was granted an
extension of its temporary custody of J.F.
{¶ 11} On September 23, 2020, LCCS filed a motion for permanent custody of
J.F. On December 2 and 7, 2020, the dispositional hearing was held, on December 10,
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2020, the court announced its decision, finding LCCS’s motion for permanent custody
well-taken. On December 23, 2020, the court issued its judgment entry. Mother and
father appealed.
The Dispositional Hearing
{¶ 12} LCCS called several witnesses to testify, including caseworkers and the
guardian ad litem (“GAL”). Stipulated exhibits were admitted. Mother and father
testified and called two witnesses. The testimony relevant to the appeal is summarized
below.
Therapist
{¶ 13} Berdonna Green testified she is a clinical therapist at Harbor Behavioral
Health (“Harbor”). She started seeing father in December 2019, and father also had
services at Harbor when he was a teenager. Father was diagnosed with “Bipolar I,” and
participates in medication therapy and psychotherapy. Green said father reported
experiencing some improvement with depression and in managing or coping with stress.
{¶ 14} Green was not sure how long father and mother have been married. Father
told Green that J.F. was not in his care due to the children. Green had heard that father
felt sabotaged by one child because that child only thinks of himself and what he can get
out of the foster parents.
{¶ 15} Green has seen father for almost a year and he attended about 85 percent of
his sessions. In order to complete therapy with Harbor, father would have to report that
he has three to five coping skills to help him manage his bipolar, and report a reduction in
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his symptoms. Green said father has reported that he has three coping skills. Green
stated father is on the path to managing his bipolar disorder. Green has weekly team
meetings with the doctors but there is no firm idea of a timeline for father’s therapy.
Charles Allen
{¶ 16} Allen testified he is the community organizer for Empower 1, which takes
homeless families and houses them. The program works in three-year increments to help
families restructure their lives, through life planning and financial planning. Typically,
the program helps families who are together, but mother and father were in a
reunification plan with children services, so it was thought the children would be home
within a few months; it is now close to two years. Mother and father “pretty much”
engaged in the life services until Covid, and were given space to finish the classes in their
reunification plan. Empower 1 offers parenting courses, but mother and father had
parenting classes with the reunification plan.
{¶ 17} Empower 1 works with families so they can move into permanent
supportive housing or fair market housing, but mother and father’s income was not
consistent, as it was difficult for them to maintain steady work. Mother tried to work on
her obtaining her GED, but no classes were offered due to the pandemic, so she looked
for work.
{¶ 18} Allen said it was “very difficult to * * * walk [father] through steps to
understand a lot of different things, even how to get his pay stub or what a pay stub was.
So we’ve been working with him on those things.” Father’s jobs were through a
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temporary agency, so Allen did not know if father could not keep a job because of his
disability or if the jobs were just short-term. Allen thought it would probably take
another year for mother and father to be ready for fair market value housing, and he
believed the route for them would be more subsidized housing.
{¶ 19} Mother and father had two initial courses to take with Empower 1, one
course was “sort of a life management course which is a lot of time management and how
to schedule and put things down and remember when their appointment was,” and they
also had to attend biweekly meetings. In the beginning “it got a little rough” for them.
Allen believed with the proper wrap-support services and further education, mother and
father could maintain a child.
Caseworker Emily Costell
{¶ 20} Costell testified she was an ongoing caseworker when she became involved
with mother and the children in June 2018, as the family was homeless. Mother and
father were together for a number of years before they married in July 2018. When
mother and the children were staying at a shelter where father was unable to stay, the
agency received calls that mother was “whooping” her children and they were screaming
and crying.
{¶ 21} Case plan services were offered to mother and father, which included dual
diagnostic assessments, parenting and getting stable housing. Although mother did what
she had to do to engage in family therapy, the children were not ready to participate in
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family trauma therapy. When mother and father found housing, they assumed the
children would be returned to them even though the other case plan services had not been
implemented. This conversation occurred almost monthly, as mother and father did not
understand why the children were not returned to them.
{¶ 22} In June 2020, mother acknowledged that she may have been too harsh with
the children, but by August 2020, when Costell stopped working with the family, mother
said she never did anything to the children. Costell said father also acknowledged at one
point that mother might have gone too far, but he does not always acknowledge it and
usually minimizes mother’s behavior and the risk she presents to the children.
{¶ 23} Mother and father have said the children were removed because they were
black and Costell was white, money-hungry and corrupt. Mother said she had never done
anything to make the children fearful and she has never harmed them.
{¶ 24} Costell testified at the permanent custody hearing for the children. The
issues which caused mother to lose custody were that she physically abused the children
and she had mental health issues. Costell believed mother did not accept responsibility
for the trauma the children had gone through.
{¶ 25} Regarding J.F., she was deemed to be dependent, and LCCS received
temporary custody of her on July 9, 2019. Mother had Level 1 visits at the agency two
days a week with J.F. Costell observed three of mother’s visits with J.F. and never saw
anything inappropriate. However, Costell received a report from a security officer that in
February 2020, mother was focused on doing J.F.’s hair, but J.F. was crying and
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screaming. If the security officer looked at mother, she would stop, but if the officer
looked away, mother would continue to try to do J.F.’s hair.
{¶ 26} When visits became virtual, on Google Duo, because of Covid, the foster
mother reported mother missed visits or was late about six times. Father was not
consistent in visiting J.F., as he has missed visits and was late. Mother and father’s visits
with J.F. were never suspended.
{¶ 27} Regarding housing, Costell said mother and father have housing, through
Empower 1, and live in a duplex. The duplex is appropriate and there are no concerns.
{¶ 28} As to father, he was referred in September 2019, to a 12-week parenting
program, and he successfully completed the classroom portion in July 2020. He did not
complete the observations portion, due to scheduling conflicts and Covid. Costell had
concerns with father’s parenting ability as it appears he does not understand things that
she explains to him, so she did not know if he had a mental health issue or a cognitive
delay. Father also disclosed that mother has some anger issues and has been aggressive
with the children, but then he denies that he has seen any abuse.
{¶ 29} Father was referred in July 2018, to Unison for a dual assessment, which he
completed in mid-July 2018. He had to be re-referred in January 2019, because he was
not following through. Then, in September 2019, he wanted to switch providers and go
to Harbor. He was referred to Harbor in October 2019, and had three assessments
scheduled; he cancelled two and was a no-show for the third. He rescheduled another
assessment, which he attended, and he has been compliant with meeting his therapist.
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{¶ 30} Costell does not think father has progressed far enough in his services to
reunify with J.F. as he still has to work on his mental health, and he is still with mother.
{¶ 31} Costell would have concerns if J.F. were returned to mother soon because
J.F. has special needs and she is unable to protect herself or report abuse or neglect or
remove herself from those situations. J.F. was referred to Help Me Grow in June 2019,
and is still involved with the program. J.F. has sensory and fine motor skill delays, eating
issues and was referred to an eye specialist. Costell did not believe J.F. would be safe
with mother, and father would not be able to protect J.F.
{¶ 32} Costell stated J.F. has been in the same foster home, but it is not a potential
adoptive placement. Costell testified LCCS is asking for permanent custody of J.F.
Caseworker Rhonda Nicholson
{¶ 33} Nicholson testified she is an ongoing caseworker for LCCS and has been
on J.F.’s case since August 2020; case plan services for mother and father were already in
effect. At the time of the hearing, mother still had housing, was engaged in mental health
services and was attending new parenting classes. Mother started out rocky with the new
parenting classes, as she missed orientation and three appointments. The parent educator
did not want mother to continue, but Nicholson convinced her to give mother another
chance. Mother has been compliant with the weekly classes since October 16, 2020.
{¶ 34} Since Nicholson was assigned to the case, mother has had Level 1 visits
with J.F. Mother never missed a visit, was late or inappropriate. But, Nicholson had
concerns about mother’s visits with J.F. and her ability to parent J.F. Before mother lost
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custody of the children, it was reported the children were afraid of mother and did not
want to return home because of the abuse, but mother denied that she had abused them.
After mother lost custody, she did not reach out to arrange a final visit with the children.
Nicholson contacted mother.
{¶ 35} Father was still engaged with mental health services, he completed
parenting classes in March 2020, and he has housing. Nicholson had concerns with
father’s ability to parent and protect J.F. because he blames the children for J.F. not being
home, he feels one child sabotaged the case, he does not believe mother abused or
neglected the children or acted aggressively with them, and he does not appear to have
any concerns with mother’s parenting style.
{¶ 36} With respect to J.F. being placed with a relative, Nicholson testified that on
her way into court for the hearing, father asked her if she had contacted his aunt and
father said mother’s adult son may be a potential placement. Nicholson did not know
what father was talking about regarding his aunt, and although mother mentioned her
adult son to Nicholson during the first home visit, mother said the previous caseworker
did not approve of her son because he was verbally aggressive with that caseworker.
Nicholson spoke with Emily Costell and learned the son and his girlfriend were both very
aggressive at the initial staffing, and the girlfriend refused to undergo a criminal
background check. Costell’s supervisor said if the couple was not willing to be cleared
through the system, the couple could not be considered for placement.
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{¶ 37} Regarding J.F., she is a one year old with developmental delays, she is
nonverbal and very small for her age. J.F. falls a lot, has balance issues, is startled by
loud noises and has feeding and texture issues. J.F. completed physical therapy before
Nicholson was involved, and now has weekly occupational therapy sessions, early
intervention services once a month and she sees a GI doctor. The doctor wants J.F. to try
milk even though she does not like it.
{¶ 38} The foster mother gives J.F. formula because she is concerned J.F. is not
getting enough nutrition. Nicholson said the foster mother is very attentive to J.F.’s
needs. Nicholson talked to mother and father about J.F. not liking certain foods and they
said she will probably be a vegetarian as she does not like meat.
{¶ 39} Nicholson testified that LCCS is asking for permanent custody of J.F.
Maternal Grandmother
{¶ 40} J.F.’s grandmother testified she met J.F. at the hospital when she was born,
and she stayed about three hours. Grandmother has had no interaction with J.F. since that
day. Grandmother was not sure when J.F. was born.
{¶ 41} Grandmother said mother had six children, including J.F. Regarding the
children who were removed from mother’s care, grandmother said mother was a very
good mother to them, very attentive, she made sure they had something to eat and
“somewhere comfortable to lay their head.” Grandmother had not seen the children in
two-and-a-half to three years.
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{¶ 42} Grandmother thought mother had become a better parent and person
“because she wasn’t working * * * when she probably had the kids. Now she is working
and * * * [has] somewhere for them to stay and * * * more money to make sure that they
got something to eat.” Grandmother retired January 31, 2020, and said she is now able
to help mother. Grandmother thought father was “pretty nice, a pretty nice dude. He was
pretty kindhearted * * * a mellow dude.” He was very good to mother, “[b]etter man
than any of her kids’ father been I think.”
{¶ 43} Grandmother did not know what mother’s address was, but knows where
mother lives. Grandmother did not know what mother did if the children misbehaved
because grandmother “wasn’t really around her like that,” but mother probably believed
in whoopings, as mother was whooped as a child.
{¶ 44} Grandmother was asked how often she sees mother and she said “not real
often, but I talk to her all the time. * * * I don’t drive and she don’t drive so * * * it’s not
that easy for me to just * * * go get her or go see her.” Before LCCS was involved, “I
think [mother] lived with me before [J.F.] was born and the kids were little. [Mother]
lived with me for a minute. She stayed with me.” Grandmother said mother and the
children lived with her for maybe two or three years, then mother “wanted to get out and
get her own. You know, my apartment wasn’t that big. So I let her stay with me * * *
for the kids and she could get out and get her own place.” Grandmother knew mother
and the children were homeless, but she did not have them live with her as “I didn’t have
enough room for her and the kids to stay with me.”
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Maternal Great Aunt
{¶ 45} Great aunt to J.F. testified she is mother’s aunt and grandmother’s sister.
Great aunt met J.F. in the hospital after she was born, and has only seen pictures of her
since.
{¶ 46} Great aunt saw mother with the children about twice a month and mother’s
“kids were everything to her. * * * And I’m the one that took her to the grocery store and
she would buy all these groceries, and she said, girl, I got to feed my kids.” Great aunt is
there for mother, if mother needs a ride or money.
{¶ 47} Great aunt said mother has had a hard life, and did the best she could with
what she knew and “with the kids she did a good job.” Great aunt thought mother was “a
very good parent.” Grandmother lost custody of mother “when [mother] was coming up
* * * [then] she eventually got them back.” Mother and grandmother “they kind of
clashed heads a little bit for a long time.” Mother’s parents did not have a “very good
healthy relationship so [mother] didn’t really know too much about healthy relationships
and how to bring up a person -- or a child.”
{¶ 48} Great aunt did not know mother’s address, but she has been to the house
several times. The last time was when “my brother got back, and she started using my
brother because he has a bigger truck for hauling her groceries back and forth.”
{¶ 49} Great aunt has not seen mother parent the children since “they took them
away from her.” Great aunt said mother did not have the equipment to bring up a child
because mother lost her home, she did not have a job, she lost whatever support she had.
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Great aunt thought the children were taken from mother because she was homeless.
Great aunt “was taking them from hotel to hotel to find them somewhere to stay. I was
taking them to shelters. And when they would kick her out of a shelter, I would go pick
her up and we would find somewhere else.” Great aunt also thought mother did not have
the children in school because they did not have their shots and they did not have clothes.
{¶ 50} Great aunt said mother now has the equipment to bring up a child as she
has a home, it is furnished, she has a husband who has a job and tries to take care of her.
Mother has more support now than she did then.
{¶ 51} Great aunt was asked if she knew the children were found to be abused and
great aunt said “I don’t think it was by [mother].” Great aunt looked shocked and said
she never saw mother punish the children. Great aunt said if she found out a child was
abused, that would change her opinion about mother’s ability to parent.
{¶ 52} Great aunt thought father “seems to be a very nice young man, hard
working. Whenever he gets a job, he did the best he could. He didn’t have any
transportation so I know at one point he was taking a bike going back and forth to work.”
Mother
{¶ 53} Mother testified J.F. is 17 months old, and LCCS immediately took J.F.
after she was born. Mother was seeing J.F. twice a week for at least a year at the agency
in a room with a security guard. After Covid, mother saw J.F. once a week virtually, in a
video chat over the phone. J.F. met the children at visits at the agency before mother’s
visits with the children were suspended in October 2019.
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{¶ 54} Mother believed her rights to the children were terminated because she was
not acknowledging that she had done something wrong. Mother said, “I can
acknowledge and do agree on things that I’ve done wrong and made mistakes toward my
other three kids in which I’ve learned through the parenting class that I’m going through
right now not to do and make the same mistakes again.” Mother said she was “[n]ot
giving them enough attention, not taking them to they doctor appointments. Not
scheduling appointments, and not making sure I had transportation to get them back and
forth to their appointments, and not being able to keep a roof over their head.” Mother
said she has learned “[t]o maintain food, to maintain housing and to maintain the needs,
going back and forth to the doctors and making sure her appointments are met and
making sure that if I cancel an appointment, that I make sure that I stick to the
appointment. And as well that she makes sure that she gets everything that she desires
and needs and wants.”
{¶ 55} Mother said she made mistakes when she punished the children, as she did
not know “how to overcome the overwhelming stress that I was going through and
dealing with.” She learned to deal with stress by going outside, jogging, seeing family,
reading, taking a bath, meditating and listening to music. Before, mother asked
grandmother to “keep the kids for a couple of days, * * * just to give me a break from my
kids.”
{¶ 56} Mother was asked if she heard the testimony about her doing J.F.’s hair and
how it was traumatic for J.F. Mother said she heard the testimony and “I don’t agree on
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that, to agree or disagree. I totally outright as much as possible disagree with that
because I would never just let my daughter just keep continuing crying and not asking her
if she’s okay or give her a hug or kiss. Her [sic] just to say it’s okay, I’m just making you
beautiful or making you pretty so your hair will be done for the day.” Mother thought
J.F. “would be fussing and crying, and she * * * just possibly had got up too early that
morning. And she be too tired to even want to go through me doing her hair.” Mother
concluded the foster mother had gotten J.F. up too early.
{¶ 57} Mother did not miss visits but was late to visits “[b]ecause of the time of
me coming from the grocery store or coming from another appointment.” Mother does
not drive, so she walks, bikes or catches the bus. Mother has worked as a home health
aide for almost three months, and is getting her GED. Father also works, and the income
they make allows them to support themselves. Mother said, “we making so much money
they took us off of food stamps because we’re no longer getting food stamps. So we’re
still able to maintain food without having food stamps.”
{¶ 58} Mother and father have lived at their home for almost two years, and pay
$400 per month in rent. Mother and father also do volunteer work, a class or a meeting
with Empower 1 as a requirement for living in the house.
{¶ 59} Mother goes to Harbor for her mental health treatment and she has gone
there on and off since 2011. She was diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder,
bipolar and anxiety. To manage her diagnoses, mother takes medication, plays video
games, cooks and cleans. Mother was asked if she takes her medicine as prescribed and
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she said “[y]es, I do.” She was asked if she took her medicine every day and she said
“[y]es, I do.” She was then asked if she missed any doses and she replied “I go maybe
once -- well, every other day because of the fact of -- because of my job. I don’t want to
oversleep and be late for my job because it leads me to being late for my job.” Mother
works four days a week, 8:00 a.m. to 3 p.m. Mother was asked if she has talked to her
doctor about the medicine and she replied, “[n]ot lately * * * I plan on letting her know if
I can only take it on a day that I don’t have to work and the days that I don’t have to work
to being able to still have the same -- the same effect.”
{¶ 60} Mother was asked about the parenting program, in which she had been for
the last two weeks, and she said she has learned “physical and verbal * * * redirection * *
* [a]nd * * * how to love your child and not be physically harmful toward your child.”
She thinks these have helped her be a different parent and keep her child safe and
protected.
{¶ 61} Mother was asked if she heard testimony that she did not always make the
virtual visits and she said she heard it, but it was not correct. Mother was asked if she
missed some virtual visits and she responded “I might have missed a couple of them. * *
* [T]he lady, [foster mother] was supposed to be getting in contact with me between 1
and 1:30. She would call me at around 12, 1:30. She called me at 12:30 at another time
or 1 o’clock and then call me at 12:30 another time. So it varied on what time she would
call. So I never knew what time she was going to call on a general basis.”
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{¶ 62} Mother wanted the court to know that “I know how to maintain and
establish clothing for my daughter, maintain food for my daughter, maintain housing and
make sure that she’s safe and protected. And as well making sure that she has everything
that she wants and desires and needs.”
{¶ 63} On cross-examination, mother said since the hearing a month earlier, she is
no longer smoking marijuana. Mother said she is current with her mental health provider
and she remembers telling her counselor that CSB was keeping the children for the
money and her son was being coached. Mother said, “[t]he close-knit relationship with
me and my son before CSB had taken them, me and my son had a relationship that any
mother -- or any mother and son would be jealous of our relationship because of the fact
that we were so close that my kids could come and talk to me. They could come and
laugh with me. They could come and play with me. We could do anything together that
no other mother and son would possibly think to even do.”
{¶ 64} Mother said it was traumatic having the children taken away as “my kids
are so important to me. And doing their hair, getting their clothes clean, taking them to
the shopping mall, taking them shopping and going out to eat, and doing fun stuff with
them and traveling with them is something that I had grew up doing -- was traveling with
my family every year. That’s something I wanted to do with my kids that I can’t do
now.”
{¶ 65} Mother was asked about J.F.’s therapies and she said J.F. went to physical
therapy and goes to occupational therapy “to get her coordinated to be able to stretch her
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muscles and being able to relax her hands because she was balling up her hands.” When
asked if those therapies were important for J.F.’s well-being, mother said, “I believe they
know about [J.F.], but I don’t believe that they know all the time of how [J.F.] could
possibly not drink milk at all. That’s the part I’m not understanding why she’s not
drinking milk. But she is in some form of drinking milk, but it’s not the type of milk that
I’m drinking or her dad is drinking that it would help her bones become stronger so as
she grows. Her bones will become stronger instead of brittle.”
{¶ 66} Mother was asked about J.F.’s eyes and mother said, “her left eye she has --
I believe it’s a stigmatism. I don’t know. She told me before it could be, and the doctor
told her it would be possibly a tumor. I don’t believe it’s a tumor. I believe it’s a
stigmatism that she possibly have in her eye, and she genetically got from me from my
young age that I received a stigmatism in my eye. And she’s not able to get the one eye
to be able to look straight like I’m looking at you.” Mother said she asked the foster
mother about J.F.’s eye treatment, “and it, like, goes in one ear and other the other.”
Mother was asked if she recalled saying she did not notice anything wrong with J.F.’s
eyes, and she said, “I have pictures where she is not seen with a lazy eye. Her eye is not
crossing. Her eyes looked at me like I’m looking at you. And plus my husband has --
he’s a first (sic) so I know -- pretty much know my daughter will be looked after.”
{¶ 67} Mother said J.F. sees a GI doctor for her stomach “[b]ecause from my
understanding * * * she couldn’t stand the taste of textures, or she couldn’t eat meat or
she just didn’t want to eat meat.” Mother recalled that J.F. had problems tolerating
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formulas. Mother said when J.F. goes home “[i]f [J.F.] she can tolerate milk, there’s a
certain kind of milk I can give her. I wouldn’t force her to drink milk if she can’t drink
milk. But if she can drink milk, yes, I will give my daughter milk so, therefore, she will
have some milk that will strengthen her bones.”
{¶ 68} Mother said at one time “I did think that she wouldn’t need them other
therapies, but being that I see that she has special needs, yes, she do need * * * them.”
Mother changed her mind “when I seen my daughter * * * have a patch over her eye and
understanding that. * * * It’s making it strong.”
Father
{¶ 69} Father testified he is married to mother and “I’ve been living with her for a
while now, like, what is it, two years.” J.F. is their child and mother “had two older boys,
and they grown now so -- they’re -- you know, they pretty much -- they don’t say too
much bad about their mother as much as they don’t really, like, you know try to -- they
don’t try to -- they don’t really try to say anything bad about their mother last time I
checked.”
{¶ 70} Father was asked, “[t]here are three other children?” Father replied, “[y]ou
said three other children? No. No. No. There weren’t.” He was then asked “so when
[LCCS] initially got involved with [mother’s] other children, that was before you[?]” He
said “[t]hat was the time when we were separated. When we got in -- they said we got in
a little proclaimed altercation.”
21.
{¶ 71} Regarding his understanding of LCCS’s reasons for removing the children,
father said, “[w]ell, when it came down to that, I knew very well. And I witnessed a lot
of things that were going on at the time when we were living in shelters. And what they
were pretty much saying was that somebody pretty much -- somebody that was next door
to us that was, like, a resident at the shelter at that time pretty much said that -- and I
wasn’t there but when I was there, I didn’t see none of the stuff go on.” Father was asked
the question again, he said, “[w]ell, their concern I feel like they should have did, like,
more research before they just took them the way I see it.”
{¶ 72} Father stated LCCS’s allegations were abuse and neglect, but “how can
somebody neglect somebody if they keeping their eyes on them 24/7? * * * And then
when it come down to abuse, when you all say abuse, I understand the mother, you know,
if she choked the child or tried to kill the child or anything like that. But none of that
stuff never happened.” Regarding concerns with physical abuse, father stated, “[t]o be
honest, she probably disciplined them, but it wasn’t major. It was more like a warning,
like, don’t do this again like any mother would do. I mean my momma did it.” Father
was asked what the physical abuse incidents were and he said, “[t]he incidents that pretty
much happened -- I am going to be honest. Me and her used to get in arguments, and the
kids used to see that. Yes, we had a rough relationship at one time. Yes, we had a lot of
things going on. Yes, she probably got too bothered about certain things. She was
probably stressing and over the edge, but at the same time I always used to work things
out with her and her kids. There were times when I come out my pocket and she’ll come
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out her pocket, and we’ll feed them. There were times when we would just go to
Goodwill because I was budgeting on the checks that I was getting.”
{¶ 73} Father thought mother was a really good mother, so he cannot say that her
one child was abused. Father said he heard the caseworkers’ testimony that he did not
understand or believe the allegations or concerns, but he “understood everything. But at
the same time I’ve got to go by the beliefs of the child, and that’s understandable. I can
do that. But if it’s nothing truthful in that, you all -- you know, you all remember the
situation to my rights of the constitution. What else can I say?”
{¶ 74} Father said he was concerned because he talked to the one child who said
he lost his virginity and had sex with a 24-year old. “So it was like at that time I had to
really, you know, remind myself that this lady ain’t really paying attention like she’s
supposed to. * * * LCCS, they got to be responsible and accountable for even allowing
that to happen.” Father raised the concern because he wants the court to know “I think
it’s a lot of re-appealing we are doing with case. Because those ain’t my biological kids,
but for my concern for her, I just wish, you know, they can change this whole matter and
do this case over again. You know, to really do their studies on it and really get to know
the kids more. Because kids going to tell anybody anything. I was once a kid as well.”
{¶ 75} Father was offered case plan services when LCCS first became involved
with mother and the children because he was married to her and they lived together. He
said, “I ain’t gonna to lie, I probably didn’t come to every last one of them * * * Emily
Costell was giving me my stuff last minute. * * * [S]he really didn’t want to put me on
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the case for real when her kids got tooken (sic) away.” Case plan services continued after
J.F. was born, with reunification as the goal.
{¶ 76} Father did not always agree with how mother disciplined the children, “she
got this thing, you know, with her that kind of creeped me out. When she got, you know,
mad at me when I asked her, you know, don’t do that, don’t do this, it wasn’t like abuse
or nothing like that. It was just the way she used to get mad at the kids * * * she’ll get --
not violent with them. She would cuss them out, so I would say, no, don’t do that * * *
don’t yell at your child.” Father felt like mother would cherish and nourish J.F. because
mother “came a long way. Just to be honest with you all, * * * she been doing -- you
know, she was doing fine. Plus she understands well what she did wrong on some things.
But somebody who put abuse and neglect still doesn’t make it right, putting something on
someone knowing it’s not true.” Father said he will protect J.F., as she is his first child.
{¶ 77} Father said visits were going well until one child “made the allegation that
her mother allegedly smacked her. * * * [H]ow can you smack somebody when there’s
full of cameras? * * * [H]ow can the mother smack the child * * * It just -- it’s
propaganda.”
{¶ 78} Father was diagnosed with bipolar during J.F.’s case, and he takes
medication which keeps him content. Father agreed with his therapist’s report, but he
was surprised that she had not had a conversation with the doctor and treatment team.
Father thought if the therapist had the conversation and he had successfully completed his
mental health care, that would have impacted how LCCS viewed his progress. Father
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believed it would have taken his therapist to say that he had coping skills in order for
LCCS to say he had successfully completed mental health services, but she did not testify
about that. Father said he would continue his therapy, as he is starting to like it because
he has someone he can talk to about his problems.
{¶ 79} Father said Rhonda Nicholson told him LCCS’s concerns were “my wife.
Ain’t no -- ain’t nothing regarding me. It’s something that LCCS not appreciating what
my wife did. All she did was speak her mind about some things, and you see what
happened.” Father said he did everything that he was supposed to do, “[m]y daughter got
wipes, * * * Pampers, * * * a bed. * * * What is the problem?” Father stated he learned
about safety measures, how to protect his daughter, and patience.
{¶ 80} Father said there was “[n]o proof” of domestic violence between him and
mother. Regarding housing, father said “[s]ome people say it’s housing assisting, but how
is it house assisting when I pay rent and lights and gas? It’s not for free.” Father believes
he can maintain housing. He was asked about getting independent housing, and father
said, “just me staying at the place right now, that’s independently done. * * * [Y]es it’s a
program, but it teach you how to manage your own well being.”
{¶ 81} Father is currently employed and is still trying to get his GED. When he
gets paid, the temporary employment agency takes half “plus the state child support is
taking my money too. Every time I get a job, they take about $80 or maybe like $115.”
Father believes he is in a position to take custody of J.F. As to other services which may
be needed, father said, “one thing based on what I’m hearing, that she do need special
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needs for her eye doctor, you know, dental sooner or later. Because she’s getting bigger.
Based on her eating, there’s a good chance she might be vegan.”
{¶ 82} On cross-examination, father said he had proof that the children were not
abused, but “not physical evidence.” Father feels railroaded by LCCS because some of
the allegations made by the children against mother were not true and the children were
“absolutely” taking advantage of their situation with the foster parents. Father does not
believe mother smacked the child during a visit. Father does not like Lucas County
Child Support taking money out of his paycheck “[b]ecause that’s not my baby mama.
That’s her right there.”
{¶ 83} Father said his sisters could watch J.F. while he is working. He was asked
where his sisters lived and he said, “[o]ne of my sisters -- I ain’t going to lie. To be
honest, she live in the Greenbelt. And then I have another sister, and she live in the
Greenbelt as well.” Father said a lot of people talk bad about the Greenbelt apartments.
{¶ 84} On further cross-examination, father said when he married mother they
were homeless. Father admitted he was kicked out of a shelter “[b]ecause of arguing that
took place.” When the children were removed from mother’s care, father was on the case
plan, but the caseworker would not let father visit the children. Father heard one child
was deemed to be an abused child, but “when you all said that my wife had burnt him --
well, somebody said it. Somebody said that they had checked a burnt mark on his back
saying that, I guess, she burned him, and that wasn’t even true. * * * He burnt himself.”
Father said the finding of abuse was wrong and “[i]f you’re feeding your kid and clothing
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you kid and they have a roof over then head, that’s not mistreated. But sometimes
parents have to discipline they kids. By law you can hit the child in the buttocks, but not
with a belt but you hand.” Father acknowledged the children were not seeing doctors
because of transportation problems.
{¶ 85} Regarding reports made by the children, father said “yes, you supposed to
believe the child, yes. Yes, that’s absolutely true. You supposed to believe the child if
they got -- if it comes down to abuse, molestation, whatever the case is. But if it’s not
accurate enough and if you know it’s not accurate enough and you know, it just a whole
little game of propaganda that you all playing with, yeah, it’s going to be a problem.” As
to the child who said she was slapped by mother during a visit, “[y]ou can’t play any little
games with your momma based on telling any story.”
{¶ 86} Father said LCCS filed the permanent custody motion because mother
spoke her mind and father “not agreeing with half of the things that you all saying.”
Regarding his concerns about the one child having sex, father was asked if he called the
agency to report it and he responded “[n]o, not at that time. Well, as a matter of fact I
did, but nobody ever answered. If that’s what you’re talking about, right. Nobody ever
did answer. If you’re talking about -- or are you talking about me talking about -- [?]”
Also, father did not raise the issue at the 90-day review meeting in June 2020, or with the
caseworker because he did not think he would be believed.
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Foster Mother and Parents’ Rebuttal
{¶ 87} Foster mother testified she has fostered children for 50 years, and has been
caring for J.F. since she was released from the hospital at two days old. J.F.’s difficulties
upon leaving the hospital included tremors for the first few months and feeding issues of
gagging and vomiting, she could not tolerate milk, she was weak on one side and she
could only roll to one side; J.F. was listed as failure to thrive. The agency recommended
Help Me Grow for J.F., and she was referred to a gastrointestinal doctor, physical therapy
and occupational therapy for her feeding and sensory issues and deficits. Foster mother
takes J.F. to appointments and to twice-a-week visitations with mother and father.
{¶ 88} J.F. had an MRI after foster mother noticed problems with J.F.’s eyes and
the pediatrician sent J.F. to an eye doctor. J.F. saw the eye doctor in October 2020, and
the doctor thought there may be issues with the optical nerve not getting the right blood
supply. J.F. was prescribed glasses and an eye patch.
{¶ 89} Foster mother talked to mother and father about J.F.’s services, but
“whenever I would bring up anything, the only response I got was if she were with me,
she wouldn’t have these issues or I don’t see these issues.” When mother and father were
allowed to go to J.F.’s appointments, foster mother would tell them about the
appointments, yet mother said she was never told, so the caseworker had foster mother
write a list of the appointments for mother. Mother and father went to one appointment,
for the GI doctor, although there were at least six appointments on the list. Thereafter,
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mother and father did not ask about J.F.’s services, her MRI results or why she had a
patch on her glasses.
{¶ 90} Foster mother said father told her that CSB was against him, and the
children made up all of the stories about mother.
{¶ 91} Mother testified, in rebuttal, that foster mother told her about four of J.F.’s
appointments, but mother “had meetings on the days that she [foster mother] set doctor
appointments. One I was able to get to, the other one right before the pandemic had
pretty much sent me to not being able to go because I had other appointments to go to.”
{¶ 92} Mother had concerns that J.F. was not drinking milk, and nobody has
helped to alleviate those concerns. Mother also had issues with the way the foster mother
took care of J.F. because sometimes J.F. would have on dirty clothes that had not been
washed, and when mother would change J.F.’s diaper she would “still have stuff in
between her legs.”
{¶ 93} Father testified, in rebuttal, that his main concern was that J.F. would come
to visits with “not good hygiene,” and “[t]here were times where it felt like the clothes
that she was wearing was already wore before or after. There were times when she
would come with * * * snotty nose, * * * face, all crusty. * * * I believe a kid, you know,
should be nourished by their hygiene even down to their skin. Plus my daughter got
melanin, so it’s important.” Father stated “[i]t was just my main concern her coming
there like that. I didn’t like it. * * * Just giving my daughter just any kind of way to me.”
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GAL Chris Kimberly
{¶ 94} Kimberly testified she was the GAL appointed to represent appellant’s four
children in August 2019, after the previous GAL was reassigned. Kimberly spoke with
the previous GAL and received notes and a report. Kimberly conducted an independent
investigation, and believes it is in J.F.’s best interest for permanent custody to be granted
to LCCS.
{¶ 95} Kimberly had concerns with mother’s ability to parent and manage her
mental health, and there were concerns with father’s ability and willingness to protect J.F.
because he believes everything mother says or always takes her side. Kimberly observed
mother and father parent the four children throughout the case, and they have not been
“capable or able to have gotten all [of] the benefits of services that they really need to
parent safely and effectively.” Mother was “very, very slow to engage” in some services,
she completed some services, some she did not do and some she started but did not finish.
Kimberly said a therapist suggested mother could benefit from trauma counseling.
{¶ 96} Regarding visits, prior to Kimberly’s involvement, mother and father had
Level 2 visits with the children at the agency in a room monitored by agency staff. When
Kimberly was appointed, the family was at Level 1 visits at the agency with agency staff
supervising. For a very brief time, the parents had Level 2 visits with J.F., until October
2019, when the incident occurred with the one child. At that point, J.F.’s visits moved
back to Level 1 and the visits with the children were suspended. Mother was really
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consistent with visits while father was a lot less consistent. Before Covid, the GAL
observed at least three visits between the parents and J.F.
{¶ 97} J.F. has developmental issues including tremors, clenching, feeding issues
and eye issues. She is very small and slow to gain weight. J.F. is in need of continuing
services and someone who is diligent about her medical care Kimberly said in March
2020, at a 90-day review meeting, it was brought up that J.F. has a lazy eye, but mother
said no, she does not. The proper eye doctor had to be found, then it took six months to
get an appointment due to Covid, but it was determined there was nothing wrong with
J.F.’s optic nerve.
{¶ 98} Kimberly does not believe mother has made the progress in services and
gained the understanding needed to be a safe and secure parent. Mother continued to not
take the safety of the children seriously and mother did not seem to take J.F.’s services
seriously. Kimberly does not think father has fully benefitted from services so that he
would be able to provide an independent level of protection for J.F. It appears to
Kimberly that no matter what evidence exists, father will never believe mother was a
danger to her children, as father wholeheartedly endorsed her parenting.
{¶ 99} Kimberly was asked about her report, in which it was noted that J.F.’s
meconium tested positive for THC. The GAL believed that information was in the
complaint.
{¶ 100} Kimberly testified housing was the concern that caused LLCS to become
involved with the family, but housing is no longer a concern.
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Juvenile Court’s Decision
{¶ 101} In its December 23, 2020 judgment entry, the juvenile court found, by
clear and convincing evidence under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a), that J.F. could not and
should not be placed with either parent within a reasonable time, and pursuant to R.C.
2151.414(D)(1), it was in the child’s best interest to grant permanent custody to LCCS.
{¶ 102} The court noted the parents secured housing through Empower 1, a three-
year program, and have been in the program for two years, as of December 2020, and
there was testimony that the parents are not qualified for independent housing and it does
not appear they will qualify in the near future. The court referenced caseworkers Costell
and Nicholson’s concerns with mother and father’s ability to parent, and observed that
mother continues to deny she abused the children or negatively impacted them, and father
believes the children lied about mother abusing them. The court discussed the parents’
visits with J.F. The court recognized J.F. has special needs, is on a specialized diet and
has therapy and doctor appointments.
{¶ 103} The court mentioned the parents’ mental health services, that mother
suffers from chronic mental illness which is so severe that she is unable to provide an
adequate permanent home for J.F., and mother has difficulty understanding certain
concepts, like wanting to give J.F. milk when she cannot tolerate it. Father has difficulty
expressing himself and has tangential and odd thinking, according to his Harbor records.
{¶ 104} The court concluded R.C. 2151.414(E)(1), (2), (4), (11) and (14) applied,
and found the following: the parents failed to substantially remedy the problems causing
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J.F.’s removal, and although the parents made some progress in their case plan services,
they did not make significant progress to support reunification with J.F., including still
having visitation with J.F. under the most restrictive level offered by LCCS; the parents
suffer from chronic mental illness which is so severe that they are unable to provide an
adequate permanent home for J.F.; the parents demonstrated a lack of commitment to J.F.
by failing to consistently support or visit J.F. or attend her medical and therapy
appointments.; mother had her parental rights to a sibling of the child involuntarily
terminated, and the parents failed to show, by clear and convincing evidence, that they
can provide a legally secure permanent placement and adequate care for the health,
welfare and safety of J.F.; the parents are not able to care for J.F.’s basic necessities,
including her special needs; and the parents did not make enough progress in their case
plan services to remedy the reasons for removal, including physical abuse.
{¶ 105} The court also concluded, under R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a) and (d), that
granting permanent custody to LCCS is in J.F.’s best interest, and further found: J.F. was
doing well in her foster home where she has been since birth; J.F. has special needs
which are all being met at her current placement; and J.F. needs a legally secure
permanent placement which cannot be achieved without granting permanent custody to
LCCS, as no alternative plan is possible.
Standard - Permanent Custody
{¶ 106} The juvenile court may grant permanent custody of a child to a children
services agency if the court finds, by clear and convincing evidence: (1) the existence of
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at least one of the four factors set forth in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) through (d), and (2) the
child’s best interest is served by granting permanent custody to the agency. In re M.B.,
10th Dist. Franklin No. 04AP755, 2005-Ohio-986, ¶ 6; R.C. 2151.353(A)(4).
{¶ 107} R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) provides that “the child cannot be placed with
either parent within a reasonable period of time or should not be placed with either
parent.” R.C. 2151.414(E) requires a juvenile court to find that a child cannot be placed
with either of the child’s parents within a reasonable time or should not be placed with
either parent if any one of sixteen factors are met. R.C. 2151.414(E)(1) - (16).
{¶ 108} R.C. 2151.414(E)(1), (2), (4), (11) and (14) provide:
(1) Following the placement of the child outside the child’s home
and notwithstanding reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by the
agency to assist the parents to remedy the problems that initially caused the
child to be placed outside the home, the parent has failed continuously and
repeatedly to substantially remedy the conditions causing the child to be
placed outside the child’s home.
(2) Chronic mental illness, chronic emotional illness, intellectual
disability, physical disability, or chemical dependency of the parent that is
so severe that it makes the parent unable to provide an adequate permanent
home for the child at the present time and, as anticipated, within one year
after the court holds the hearing * * *;
***
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(4) The parent has demonstrated a lack of commitment toward the
child by failing to regularly support, visit, or communicate with the child
when able to do so, or by other actions showing an unwillingness to provide
an adequate permanent home for the child;
***
(11) The parent has had parental rights involuntarily terminated with
respect to a sibling of the child pursuant to this section or section 2151.353
or 2151.415 of the Revised Code, or under an existing or former law of this
state, any other state, or the United States that is substantially equivalent to
those sections, and the parent has failed to provide clear and convincing
evidence to prove that, notwithstanding the prior termination, the parent can
provide a legally secure permanent placement and adequate care for the
health, welfare, and safety of the child.
***
(14) The parent for any reason is unwilling to provide food, clothing,
shelter, and other basic necessities for the child or to prevent the child from
suffering physical, emotional, or sexual abuse or physical, emotional, or
mental neglect.
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{¶ 109} To satisfy the best interest prong of the permanent custody test, the
agency must establish, by clear and convincing evidence, that permanent custody to the
agency is in the best interest of the child based on an analysis under R.C. 2151.414(D).
The juvenile court must consider all relevant factors, including: the interaction and
interrelationship of the child with parents, siblings, relatives and foster caregivers; and
the child’s need for permanence. See R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a) and (d).
{¶ 110} Clear and convincing evidence requires proof which “produce[s] in the
mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be
established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954), paragraph
three of the syllabus. In order to determine whether a juvenile court based its judgment
on clear and convincing evidence, the reviewing court examines the record to decide
whether the trier of fact had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the appropriate degree
of proof. State v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54 (1990).
First Assignment of Error
{¶ 111} Mother argues she made sufficient progress in her case plan services to
rebut the presumption that she failed to provide clear and convincing evidence to show
that she can provide a legally secure placement for J.F. and adequate care for J.F.’s
health, welfare and safety, despite the prior termination of parental rights. Mother
contends she was compliant with her case plan services, including parenting, visitation,
housing and mental health treatment, and time is “available under the statute to address
residual parenting issues for this child.” Mother submits “she acknowledged from the
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witness stand that she had made mistakes in treatment and discipline” of the children.
Mother maintains the juvenile court abused its discretion by terminating her parental
rights to J.F.1
{¶ 112} A review of the record shows LCCS established, inter alia, that mother’s
parental rights to the children had been involuntarily terminated. Mother had the burden
of proving, by clear and convincing evidence, that she remedied the condition which
caused the termination of her parental rights.
{¶ 113} Upon review, we find mother did not present evidence which produced a
firm belief that she can provide adequate care for J.F.’s health, safety and welfare. While
mother may have been compliant with many of her case plan services, J.F. has special
needs, not all of which mother has appreciated, and J.F. requires therapies and doctors’
visits, most of which mother has not attended. Transportation issues were one of the
reasons mother did not take the children for medical care in the previous case, and
transportation continues to be a problem for mother, as she does not drive.
{¶ 114} In addition, mother has failed to show that she sincerely recognizes and
acknowledges the role she played in traumatizing the children as a result of physically
abusing them. Thus, mother did not prove by clear and convincing evidence that she
remedied the condition which caused the removal of the children and the termination of
1
Abuse of discretion is not the appropriate standard of review in a termination of parental
rights case. Rather, we review the record to determine whether the juvenile court’s
findings are supported by clear and convincing evidence. See In re P.W., 6th Dist. Lucas
No. L-12-1060, 2012-Ohio-3556, ¶ 19.
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her parental rights to the children in the previous case. Further, while there may be time
remaining on J.F.’s case, LCCS has been involved with mother for well over two years,
and the same issues remain. Mother has not established that if she were given more time,
she would rectify the issues.
{¶ 115} Therefore, contrary to mother’s claims, we conclude the juvenile court did
not commit an error of law, and there was clear and convincing evidence supporting the
juvenile court’s termination of mother’s parental rights to J.F. Accordingly, the first
assignment of error is not well-taken.
Second Assignment of Error
{¶ 116} Father asserts LCCS did not prove by clear and convincing evidence that
J.F. could not be returned to him, in part because five months were still available to him
during which J.F. was still eligible for continued temporary custody by LCCS. Father
argues he was compliant with his case plan services, except visits, as he completed a dual
diagnostic assessment and the classroom portion of parenting classes, he is employed, he
has stable housing and he has engaged with mental health care providers.
{¶ 117} Father admits his visits were not consistent, but claims there is no
allegation of improper handling of J.F. when he did visit her. Father also acknowledges
he did not believe the children were truthful when they said mother abused them, and he
notes he was not a party to the previous case because the children are not his.
{¶ 118} Upon review, we find LCCS did present evidence which produced a firm
belief that J.F. cannot be returned home to father, as LCCS offered witness testimony that
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father cannot provide adequate care for J.F.’s health, safety and welfare. Although father
was somewhat compliant with his case plan services, the progress he made was marginal,
particularly as it directly relates to J.F. and her care. Father’s visits with J.F. were
inconsistent, and father does not appear to fully comprehend J.F.’s developmental
disabilities and other medical issues. J.F. has had many therapy and doctors’
appointments, but father attended only one appointment. Just like with mother,
transportation is an issue for father because he does not drive. What is more, father does
not seem to believe that mother abused the children, as the majority of the time, he claims
the children lied about being abused by mother.
{¶ 119} Finally, despite time remaining on J.F.’s case, father has produced no
evidence to suggest that if he were given additional time, he would complete the steps
necessary to reunify with J.F. Throughout these proceedings, father has shown a lack of
progress in the areas directly concerning J.F., he failed to participate in all case plan
services, and he did not consistently acknowledge the abuse suffered by the children at
mother’s hands. Father has been provided with ample opportunity to take corrective steps
and has been unable or unwilling to remedy and improve the situation.
{¶ 120} We therefore conclude the juvenile court did not err when it terminated
father’s parental rights to J.F. The court considered J.F.’s best interest, and placed her
best interest above all else. The court properly found, and the record clearly shows, J.F.’s
need for a legally secure permanent placement could not be achieved without a grant of
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permanent custody to LCCS. Accordingly, the second assignment of error is not well-
taken.
{¶ 121} On consideration whereof, the judgment of the Lucas County Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed. Appellants are ordered to pay the court
costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See
also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. ____________________________
JUDGE
Gene A. Zmuda, P.J.
____________________________
Myron C. Duhart, J. JUDGE
CONCUR.
____________________________
JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of
Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported
version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at:
http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
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