[Cite as Peterson v. Securitas Security Serv., 2021-Ohio-3254.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
MICHELLE PETERSON :
:
Plaintiff-Appellant : Appellate Case No. 29094
:
v. : Trial Court Case No. 2020-CV-2903
:
SECURITAS SECURITY SERVICE, et : (Civil Appeal from
al. : Common Pleas Court)
:
Defendants-Appellees :
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 17th day of September, 2021.
...........
MICHELLE PETERSON, 254 Glenside Court, Trotwood, Ohio 45426
Plaintiff-Appellant, Pro Se
ROBIN JARVIS, Atty. Reg. No. 0069752, 1600 Carew Tower, 441 Vine Street, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45202
Attorney for Defendant-Appellee, Director, Ohio Department of Job and Family
Services
.............
WELBAUM, J.
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{¶ 1} Appellant, Michelle Peterson, appeals pro se from the trial court’s order
finding that she was discharged from her employment for just cause. In so finding, the
court upheld the decision of the Unemployment Compensation Review Commission
(“UCRC”), which had found that Peterson was not entitled to unemployment benefits.
{¶ 2} Peterson’s pro se brief contains three issues for review, but does not assign
specific error, other than making some fairly indecipherable statements about why she
was improperly terminated. As a result, for purposes of review, we will consider the
proposed assignment of error that Appellee, Director of the Ohio Department of Jobs and
Family Services (“ODJFS”), has asserted. According to ODJFS, the issue is whether the
trial court erred when it affirmed the UCRC’s finding that Peterson was discharged for just
cause.
{¶ 3} After reviewing the record, we agree with the trial court that the UCRC’s
decision that Peterson was discharged for just cause was supported by the record. The
record indicates that Peterson failed to appear for work and was discharged in
accordance with company policy. Accordingly, the trial court’s judgment will be affirmed.
I. Facts and Course of Proceedings
{¶ 4} On July 27, 2020, Peterson filed a notice of administrative appeal in the trial
court. The appeal was from a July 22, 2020 UCRC decision, which found that Peterson
had been discharged for just cause from her employment with Securitas Security Service
(“Securitas”).1 The ODJFS Director was named in the suit, and filed both a notice of
1 Securitas did not appear in the trial court and also has not filed a brief with our court.
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appearance and a request for an extension of time to file the administrative transcript.
{¶ 5} The extension was granted, and ODJFS filed a certified transcript on
September 17, 2020. The trial court then set a briefing schedule, and all parties filed
briefs and reply briefs consistent with the schedule. After considering the record, the
court issued a decision on March 12, 2021, upholding UCRC’s decision as “lawful,
reasonable, and not against the manifest weight of the evidence.” Order (March 12,
2021), p. 5.
{¶ 6} The certified administrative transcript contains two items: a copy of the
Director file, and a copy of the Unemployment Compensation Commission File
(designated respectively as “A” and “B”). According to this record, Peterson filed an
application for unemployment benefits on December 23, 2019. Ex. A (Application
Summary). On January 13, 2020, ODJFS allowed Peterson’s claim, effective December
16, 2019, with a weekly benefit amount of $261. The stated reason was that beginning
on that date, Peterson had been “either partially or totally unemployed due to a lack of
work/layoff” from Securitas. Ex. A (Determination of Unemployment Compensation
Benefits, p. 1). On February 3, 2020, Securitas appealed the decision, alleging that
Peterson was considered to have voluntarily quit because she failed to call or report for
work for three days of unreported absences.
{¶ 7} In response, Peterson claimed she was told several times that she was fired,
and that she did not report for work because no supervisor called to check on why she
did not show up for work. Ex. A (February 6, 2020 Peterson Letter). During both the
determination and redetermination process, Peterson also faxed a series of documents
to ODJFS. See Ex. A (January 2, 2020 Peterson Fax, p. 1-13) and (February 7, 2020
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Peterson Fax, p. 1-15).
{¶ 8} The documents Peterson faxed included: (1) a December 20, 2019 email
from Peterson to Tina Jackson (a Securitas human resource (“HR”) specialist), and an
incident report that was attached to the email; (2) a July 21 (unspecified year) email from
Peterson to Jackson, asking to be transferred to a desk, hospital, or processing job; (3)
Peterson’s December 18, 2019 discharge instructions from Urgent Care; (4) two
December 13, 2019 emails concerning a trailer incident that occurred on December 12,
2019, during which an outbound driver was allowed to leave with a loaded trailer when
he was only supposed to leave with an empty trailer; (5) two counseling and corrective
actions reports (dated October 25, 2019, and November 11, 2019), which were both
based on Peterson’s being late for work numerous times; (6) a December 14, 2019 final
counseling action and corrective report, which was based on Peterson’s failure to inform
her supervisor that a truck left the facility and did not stop; and (7) an October 22, 2019
counseling and correction action report, based on Peterson’s abusive and threatening
behavior toward a driver.
{¶ 9} On February 25, 2020, the Director filed a redetermination, allowing
Peterson’s claim and modifying the original decision to find that Peterson was discharged
without just cause. See Ex. A (Director’s Redetermination), p. 1.
{¶ 10} On March 17, 2020, Securitas again appealed, contending that Peterson
was determined to have voluntarily quit. The file was then transferred to the UCRC.
After UCRC provided the parties with notice of a hearing date, counsel entered an
appearance for Peterson. During the hearing that took place on March 31, 2020, the
hearing officer heard testimony from Tina Jackson, the human resources specialist, and
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from Peterson.
A. Tina Jackson’s Testimony
{¶ 11} According to Jackson’s testimony, Securitas employed Peterson as a
security officer between February 15, 2018, and December 28, 2019. Ex. B (March 31,
2020 Hearing Transcript (“Tr. 1”), p. 6). Mitch Murray, a site supervisor, was Peterson’s
immediate supervisor. Id. at p. 6-7. Peterson worked at only one site, Proctor and
Gamble (“P&G”). Id. at p. 7.
{¶ 12} Jackson testified that if Peterson planned to be absent from work, she was
required to call Murray, and if she was unable to contact Murray, she should call Todd
Harper, the Securitas district manager. Id. at p. 7. On December 16, 17, and 18, 2019,
Peterson called off work, and Securitas was aware that she would not be at work on those
days. Id. at p. 8. Peterson was not on medical leave at the time. Id. at p. 7-8.
{¶ 13} On December 24, 25, and 26, 2019, Peterson was scheduled to work.
However, Peterson was a “no-call, no-show” on those dates. Id. at p. 7. Securitas’s
company policy was that when an employee had three days of no-call, no-show, it was
counted as a resignation of the employee’s position. Id. at p. 8. The company policy
was contained in a handbook that Peterson would have received on February 15, 2018,
and she would also have received a revised and updated handbook on November 15,
2019. Id. at p. 9-10.
{¶ 14} When a three-day no-call, no-show situation occurred, Securitas sent a
letter to the employee, indicating that the employee was considered to have resigned.
Securitas sent such a letter to Peterson, by certified mail, on December 30, 2019, and
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received a receipt that the mail had been delivered. The letter referenced page 102 of
the handbook, which stated that “Failure to show up or call for three or more consecutive
days may be considered an automatic resignation.” Ex. B (December 30, 2019 letter to
Michelle Peterson, p. 1).
{¶ 15} There were no other reasons for the discharge. Tr. 1 at p. 9. Peterson
did not respond to the letter. Id. If Peterson had any issues with the letter, she could
have contacted Jackson, who had an “open-door” policy. Id. at p. 9-10.
B. Peterson’s Testimony
{¶ 16} Peterson’s testimony at the hearing was difficult to understand because she
did not respond directly to questions, rambled, and did not provide precise dates for
matters she discussed. At the hearing, Peterson gave the following explanation of her
actions.
{¶ 17} At the time of the events in question, Peterson worked third shift, from
midnight to 8:00 a.m. Tr. 1 at p. 18. The last day that Peterson worked began at
midnight and ended around 8:45 a.m. on December 16, 2019. Id. Peterson was also
scheduled to work the night of December 17, with her shift beginning at midnight and
ending at 8:00 a.m. Id.
{¶ 18} On the morning of December 16, Peterson’s supervisor, Mitch Murray,
asked her to come to his office to talk about an incident that had previously occurred at
work. Id. at p. 14. Peterson told Murray that she needed to go home because her water
heater was out, but Murray said he needed to see her then. As a result, she went to
Murray’s office, where he kept her for about 45 minutes after her normal departure time,
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or until around 8:45 a.m. Id. at p. 14 and 18.
{¶ 19} According to Peterson, she had been given a written correction notice about
an incident that occurred in “Outbound,” when she let a truck go through without stopping
it. However, Peterson claimed that she was not the culprit, that she had been switched
that day from Outbound (apparently from checking outbound trucks to checking inbound
trucks), and that she was not there when the incident happened. Id. at p. 14 and 17.
Another employee in Outbound was also at the meeting; after Murray talked to them both,
he kept Peterson longer. Peterson then signed the counseling documentation. Id. at p.
16-17, and 18.
{¶ 20} On December 16, 2019, Peterson also wrote up a form documenting an
incident that had occurred that day with a driver who was very rude and aggressive with
her. Id. at p. 18 and 24. Peterson also talked with Todd Harper, the district manager,
about the incident, and he told her to write up an incident report. Id. at p. 25-26.
Peterson told Harper that she had already written up a report. Id. at p. 26.
{¶ 21} Again, according to Peterson, she told her supervisor, Murray, that she
would not be able to come in for her shift that was scheduled later that day, i.e., that was
to start at midnight on December 17. Peterson’s reason was that people would be at her
apartment to fix her water heater at around 2:00 or 3:00 p.m., and she would not get
enough rest to do her job properly. Id. at p. 18-19. However, Murray told her that if she
did not show up for her shift, she would be fired. Id. at p. 17 and 18-19. Peterson did
not go in for her shift that evening. Id. at p. 19.
{¶ 22} Peterson agreed that she had signed the counseling and corrective action
report about the Outbound incident on December 16, 2019. She further agreed that the
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report was a final warning and that it did not say she was being terminated. However,
she claimed she had been told verbally by both Murray and Harper that she was being
fired. Id. at p. 26-27 and 29. According to Peterson, Harper fired her on December 16,
2019, because he was upset that she had called two individuals above him in the chain
of command to complain about the incident with the truck driver who had been aggressive.
Id. at p. 19-20.
{¶ 23} Peterson also stated that she had called in sick on December 17, 2019, and
then went to an urgent care on December 18, 2019. On December 20, 2019, Peterson
sent Tina Jackson an email and included another incident report she had written about
the driver who had been aggressive. Id. at p. 27. The email stated that Peterson had
tried to reach out to Jackson the day before (December 19) and had been ill for a couple
of days. According to Peterson, she was not contacting Jackson to call off work; she
was emailing Jackson because she had been told to send in an incident report about the
driver. Id. at p. 29.2 Peterson did not tell Jackson in the email that she had been fired.
Id. at p. 30.
{¶ 24} In the incident report attached to the email, Peterson said that she had told
her supervisor about a December 4, 2019 incident with a truck driver, Jeff, who did not
obey her instructions and was hostile to her. Ex. A (February 7, 2020 Peterson Fax, at
p. 5-6). Peterson also said she had called Mitch Murray on December 16, 2019, about
another incident that occurred with Jeff at 6:30 a.m. that day; however, Murray was
concerned instead with her signing a write-up that she had gotten. Id. at p. 5.
{¶ 25} In addition, Peterson’s incident report discussed the fact that she had
2 This is the same incident for which Peterson had already provided an incident report.
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contacted persons in the chain of command above Harper to discuss the incidents with
Jeff, and that Harper had called her about it. During this conversation, Harper shouted
at Peterson and told her that she did not work for these other individuals and should report
to him. Id. at p. 6. In this letter, sent to Jackson on December 20, 2020, Peterson did
not claim that either Murray or Harper had previously fired her.
{¶ 26} Because witnesses had not received subpoenas and the time for the
hearing that day had elapsed, the hearing officer set a second hearing for April 22, 2020.
On that day, Securitas presented testimony from Murray, Harper, and Jackson, and
Peterson presented testimony from her daughter, Raven Peterson.
C. Raven Peterson’s Testimony
{¶ 27} Raven stated that she heard a call that occurred when Peterson was on the
phone speaking to one of her supervisors. Raven could not recall the exact day this
occurred, but the call was on a speaker and she could hear it. Ex. B (April 22, 2020
Hearing Transcript (“Tr. 2”), p. 8). The speaker was very belligerent, used a curse word,
and told Peterson that she was fired. He did not give an exact reason. Id. at p. 9.
D. Mitch Murray Testimony
{¶ 28} Murray stated that he was not Peterson’s immediate supervisor; instead,
there was a third-shift supervisor and Murray was the supervisor of all the supervisors
and guards. Id. at p. 12. Murray denied ever telling Peterson that she was fired, and
he said that he did not have authority to terminate someone for a violation of a policy. Id.
at p. 12-13. Instead, if someone had an infraction, Murray would write it up and submit
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the matter to the HR department. The department would then make a decision. Id. at
p. 13. Murray also denied that he called Peterson and used profanity. Id.
{¶ 29} Murray testified that he had written up Peterson for infractions in the past.
Id. However, he did not recall speaking with Peterson when she called off due to a
problem with her water heater. Id. at p. 14.
E. Todd Harper Testimony
{¶ 30} Harper, the district manager, testified that Peterson had been relieved of
duty because she was a no-call, no-show for three days in a row. Id. at p. 15-16.
Harper also denied having a conversation with Peterson about her discharge and said
that he never told Peterson over the phone that she was discharged. Harper further
denied being belligerent or using profanity with Peterson during a phone call in mid-to-
late December 2019. Id. at p. 16-17.
{¶ 31} Concerning the discharge, Harper testified that someone at the P&G site
informed him that Peterson did not show up for work. He could not recall if he was told
this by the shift supervisor or by the site supervisor, but he would have received the write-
up that was generated. If three no-calls, no-shows occurred, he would submit the
documentation to HR, and at that point, his hands would be off the situation completely.
Id. at p. 17. As to who made the schedule at the P&G site, Harper said that the schedule
was actually a standard schedule. When an employee was assigned to a site, the
schedule was already made. For example, the post in question may be Monday through
Friday, 8:00 to 4:00; Securitas hires the officer for that particular post, and the existing
schedule becomes what the officer follows. Id. at p. 18.
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F. Tina Jackson Testimony on Recall
{¶ 32} Finally, Jackson was recalled and testified that if an employee felt he or she
was being mistreated or that a manger or supervisor had used profanity, Securitas had
an open door policy. Id. at p. 19. Specifically, any employee could reach out to HR,
through email or phone, and set up a meeting to discuss the issues and handle them
appropriately. Id. at p. 20. Jackson also testified that the termination process in general
“is that if there’s an issue at the site there are counseling forms that are presented to the
officer.” Id. When a copy of the counseling form came to the HR office, Jackson
reviewed the form, made sure everything was correct, and ensured that the documents
were maintained. If an employee received a final counseling form, if the infraction were
repeated, the employee was referred to the HR office. Id.
{¶ 33} After hearing the evidence, the hearing officer issued a decision on April 24,
2020, finding that Peterson had been discharged for just cause. The hearing officer
therefore reversed the Director’s determination and required Peterson to repay the
benefits she had been paid. Peterson filed a request for review, which the UCRC
allowed. On June 10, 2020, the UCRC indicated that it would issue a decision based
solely on the record, without further hearing. The UCRC then affirmed the hearing
officer’s decision on July 22, 2020.
{¶ 34} Peterson appealed to the trial court from the UCRC decision, and the court
concluded that the decision was not unreasonable or unlawful and was not against the
manifest weight of the evidence. Peterson’s appeal to our court followed.
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II. Whether Peterson Was Discharged for Just Cause
{¶ 35} As noted, Peterson is representing herself on appeal. She has asserted
three “issues” but has failed to follow the proper format for briefs as outlined in App.R.
16(A)(1)-(8) and (D). Peterson’s brief also consists of one paragraph of argument,
without citation to the record or to any authorities. Based on these omissions, we could
“either strike the offending portions of the brief or sua sponte dismiss the appeal.”
Brazelton v. Brazelton, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24837, 2012-Ohio-3593, ¶ 8. However,
in the interests of justice, we will review the merits of Peterson’s claims. The three issues
stated are as follows (quoted verbatim):
Ms. Peterson was Terminated on two different occasions December
16, 2019, by Mitch Murray and also by Todd Harper on phone. Ms.
Peterson also received the letter the following two weeks Via mail they also
received a statement from the Unemployment office stating that Ms.
Peterson filed for Unemployment. Also, Securitas’ Handbook-protocol
regarding attendance was presented in Ms. Peterson’s exhibit brief.
Ms. Peterson had contact with the employer Tina Jackson with
emails and voice messages. Also, Ms. Peterson’s Daughter was in the
room when the termination occurred instead of her sister and also in the
TRANSCRIPT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY-ODJFS that was on file on
August 17, 2020.
Ms. Peterson filed a motion to the Ohio Unemployment
Compensation Review with all the details explaining what occurred and the
text messages and voice mail that in file in May 2020 also in the transcripts
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that were presented to the compensation review commission and
unemployment.
{¶ 36} As indicated, because these contentions are essentially indecipherable, we
will use the assignment of error that ODJFS proposed, which states that the issue is
“whether the trial court erred when it affirmed the decision of the Review Commission
finding that the Appellant was discharged for just cause.” ODJFS Brief, p. 3 (Underlining
and capital letters omitted.)
{¶ 37} By statute, unemployment compensation may not be paid if an applicant
“quit work without just cause or has been discharged for just cause in connection with the
individual's work.” R.C. 4141.29(D)(1)(b)(2)(a). In these types of cases, the standard
of review is well-established. “An appellate court may reverse the Unemployment
Compensation Board of Review's ‘just cause’ determination only if it is unlawful,
unreasonable or against the manifest weight of the evidence.” Tzangas, Plakas &
Mannos v. Ohio Bur. of Emp. Servs., 73 Ohio St.3d 694, 653 N.E.2d 1207 (1995),
paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶ 38} “ ‘Traditionally, just cause, in the statutory sense, is that which, to an
ordinarily intelligent person, is a justifiable reason for doing or not doing a particular act.’ ”
Irvine v. State Unemp. Comp. Bd. of Rev., 19 Ohio St.3d 15, 17, 482 N.E.2d 587 (1985),
quoting Peyton v. Sun T.V., 44 Ohio App.2d 10, 12, 335 N.E.2d 751 (10th Dist.1975).
While the Unemployment Compensation Act is intended to protect “ ‘unfortunate
employees, who become and remain involuntarily unemployed,* * * [t]he Act does not
exist to protect employees from themselves, but to protect them from economic forces
over which they have no control. When an employee is at fault, he is no longer the victim
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of fortune's whims, but is instead directly responsible for his own predicament. Fault on
the employee's part separates him from the Act's intent and the Act's protection. Thus,
fault is essential to the unique chemistry of a just cause termination.’ ” Williams v. Ohio
Dept. of Job & Family Servs., 129 Ohio St.3d 332, 2011-Ohio-2897, 951 N.E.2d 1031,
¶ 23, quoting Tzangas at 697-698.
{¶ 39} Notably, appellate courts have limited review powers and cannot make
factual findings or decide witness credibility. Tzangas at 696. Instead, our duty “is to
determine whether the decision of the board is supported by the evidence in the record.”
Id., citing Irvine v. Unemp. Comp. Bd. of Rev., 19 Ohio St.3d 15, 17-18, 492 N.E.2d 587
(1985). Furthermore, “[t]he fact that reasonable minds might reach different conclusions
is not a basis for the reversal of the board's decision.” Id., citing Irvine at 18.
{¶ 40} After reviewing the record, we agree with the trial court that the UCRC
decision should be affirmed. As a preliminary point, we note that the hearing officer
specifically found the testimony of Securitas’s witnesses (Murray and Harper) “more
credible than the testimony presented by the claimant.” Ex. B (April 24, 2020 Decision,
p. 4). We are bound to accept the hearing officer’s credibility decisions. Both these
witnesses testified that they did not fire Peterson and did not have authority to fire her.
Instead, that decision was made by the HR department, after Peterson failed to call or to
show up for work.
{¶ 41} Furthermore, the evidence in the record contradicts Peterson’s assertion
that she was fired. If Peterson had been fired as she claims, there would have been no
reason for her to call off work on December 17 or 18, and there would have been no
reason for her to subsequently submit an incident report or her urgent care medical
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information to the human resources department. In addition, if Peterson had been fired,
she would surely have said so when she described her interactions with Murray and
Harper in the incident letter submitted to the HR department on December 20, 2019 –
four days after she was allegedly fired. Instead, she made no mention of this fact.
{¶ 42} In her brief, Peterson states that her daughter was in the room when the
termination occurred. However, as the hearing officer noted, Peterson’s daughter was
unable to identify the date of the alleged conversation and failed to provide the name of
the person or “any other details other than that the speaker was male and was rude to
her mother.” Ex. B (April 24, 2020 Decision, at p. 5). Again, competent credible
evidence supported the decision.
{¶ 43} Peterson also mentions that she filed a motion with the UCRC “with all the
details explaining what occurred and the text messages and voice mail that was file [sic]
in May 2020.” Appellant’s Brief, p. 1. Presumably, Peterson is referring to her request
for review of the hearing officer’s decision, which was dated May 12, 2020. Ex. B (May
12, 2020 Request for Review). However, this three-page request did not refer to any
text messages or voice mail.
{¶ 44} Significantly, the written instructions that the UCRC gave to both parties
after the file was transferred from the Director – and in advance of the hearing – clearly
stated that:
The file transferred to the Commission contains documents and
written materials submitted by both parties up to the date the appeal
was transferred to the Commission. If you have any documents or
written materials not previously submitted that you want the hearing officer
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to consider, copies of these documents * * * MUST BE SENT TO THE
COMMISSION AND TO ALL PARTIES AND THEIR REPRESENTATIVES
* * *.
(Emphasis sic.) Ex. B (March 20, 2020 Notice That an Appeal Has been Transferred by
the Director to the Commission, p. 3).
{¶ 45} Peterson did not file any additional documents with the UCRC, despite
having specifically been instructed to do so. If voice mails or text messages existed or if
phone records were relevant, Peterson could have filed those materials with the UCRC.
Notably, Peterson was represented by counsel at the time.
{¶ 46} In appealing to the trial court, Peterson did attach various materials to her
notice of administrative appeal, including a few text messages and some phone records.
See Notice of Administrative Appeal (July 27, 2020). However, R.C. 4141.282(H)
specifically states that “[t]he court shall hear the appeal on the certified record provided
by the commission.” Consequently, the trial court was limited to the record before the
UCRC and could not consider additional materials. E.g., Puterbaugh v. Goodwill
Industries of the Miami Valley, Inc., 2d Dist. Miami No. 2013-CA-39, 2014-Ohio-2208,
¶ 31 (holding that in light of R.C. 4141.282(H), “[t]he trial court did not have the authority
to accept additional evidence”).
{¶ 47} Finally, to the extent Peterson claims Securitas was required to contact her
or inform her of her “schedule,” that assertion was contradicted by the evidence.
Employees assigned to a post have a set schedule that exists before they are assigned
to the post. Peterson presented no evidence otherwise. The statement in the
handbook was also clear and allowed Securitas to conclude that an employee had
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resigned if the employee failed to call or show up three days or more in a row.
{¶ 48} Accordingly, the trial court did not err in affirming the UCRC’s decision that
Peterson was discharged for just case. Peterson’s three issues or assignments of error,
therefore, are overruled.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 49} All of Peterson’s assignments of error having been overruled, the judgment
of the trial court is affirmed.
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DONOVAN, J. and HALL, J., concur.
Copies sent to:
Michelle Peterson
Robin Jarvis
Hon. Susan D. Solle
Peterson v. Securitas Security Serv.
Combined Opinion