The opinion of the Court was drawn up by
Shepley J.The trustees admit, that there was a balance due from them to the defendants, on book account, at the time of the service made upon them.
William Stone and Henry Winsor have been admitted according to the provisions of the statute, c. 119, § 37, to present and prove their claims to the debt due from the trustees.
The claim of Stone arises out of an alleged assignment of the debt made by the defendants to him on August 10, 1846.
Winsor is the assignee of the defendant under the provisions of a statute of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts passed in the year 1841, c. 124, for the relief of insolvent debtors.
If the debt had been legally assigned to Stone before service was made upon the trustees, they will be entitled to be discharged.
The counsel for the plaintiff allege, that the debt had not been legally assigned. That no order had been drawn by the defendants upon their debtors in favor of the assignee. That no document is presented, signed by them, purporting to transfer the debt. That no delivery of the account, or of a transcript of it, is proved.
A receipt bearing date on August 10, 1846, signed by the assignee is introduced, by which he acknowledges, that he has received an assignment of this debt with others as collatera security for the indorsement of two promissory notes described. *451The assignors by taking such a receipt from him felly admit, that they had assigned the debt to him. There is proof of a parol assignment by the admission of both the parties to it as well as by the other testimony. Such an assignment is sufficient to transfer an equitable interest in a chose in action, which will receive protection in courts of law.
From the testimony introduced the Court cannot properly come to the conclusion, that a transcript of .the account was not made and delivered to the assignee. The receipt states, that the notes and accounts enumerated in it had been received by him. It describes a note of the assignors and declares “ which note was given me with the collateral this day.5'
Elisha Stone, speaking of this account in his answer to the second interrogatory, says, “ William Stone had other collateral security with that.” in his answer to the fifth cross interrogatory he speaks of having “ turned over to him securities to save him harmless against indorsements.” And says, “ the books show nothing of such transactions, except that the accounts so turned over to him were marked in pencil with his name.”
Asa T. Richards, in his answer to the sixth cross interrogatory, says, <e other collateral was passed to W illiam Stone with the Obrion account as is shown by the receipt, but without it Í cannot state it.” The meaning of the witness appears to be, that without the receipt he cannot state what other securities were passed to him with the Obrion account. The witnesses thus speaking of the account as turned over, or passed to the assignee, must be supposed to have reference to a copy or transcript of it as the only thing, to which such language couid have been properly applicable. The entry by a pencil, of the name of the assignee on the book, ailbrds no indication that a transcript of the account was not made and delivered. The witnesses were not asked by either party, whether such a transcript was made and delivered to the assignee, and this may well account for the incidental manner, in which the proof is presented.
*452But if the proof should be regarded as doubtful the Court is not prepared to decide, that the assignment was not legally made and proved.
A symbolical delivery of personal property so situated, that an actual delivery of it could not be made, has been regarded as sufficient. The assignee of a judgment or of a book debt may, upon the same principle, be fenabled to establish his rights without proof of an actual delivery. For a delivery of a transcript of them would not prove a delivery of the debt or judgment. It' would only prove the delivery of something indicative of their existence and of the intention of the parties. Other evidence, shewing that the transfer had been completed, might be sufficient. The receipt of the assignee admits the delivery to himself; the reception of it by the assignors and the entry of the assignee’s name upon the book by them would seem to be equivalent to the usual proof of a symbolical delivery. In the case of Robbins v. Bacon, 3 Greenl. 349, this Court, taking notice that a book debt cannot be delivered to an assignee, expressed the opinion, that a copy might be considered, when delivered, as equivalent to the delivery of a bond or note. It did not intimate, that such would be the only mode of proving a symbolical delivery.
It is further contended, that the assignment should be regarded as invalid by virtue of the insolvent law of Massachusetts, because the assignee, when he received such security, “ had reasonable cause to believe such debtor was insolvent.”
The testimony shews, that the assignee, being the father of one of the assignors, resided at a distance from their place of business, and that he had never visited it. That the only information respecting their business communicated to him was, that they were doing very well.
The fact, that the assignment was made about two months before their insolvency was published, and the fact, that he received as collateral security nearly double the amount in debts apparently due to them, are not sufficient to authorize the conclusion, that he had reasonable cause to believe that they were then insolvent.
*453it is further contended, that the trustees should bo charged, because the assignee has not shown, that he had not received from the other securities assigned to him, sufficient to repay the amount which he had paid for the assignors. When the assignee has proved, that the debt due from the trustees, had been assigned to him, before service was made upon them, his title to it must be considered as continuing to exist, until there be some proof adduced, from which it can be inferred, that it has been impaired or destroyed. There is nothing in the testimony presented in the case to authorize such an inference.
Trustees discharged.