In the Supreme Court of Georgia
Decided: October 5, 2021
S21A0953. HARRIS v. THE STATE.
BOGGS, Presiding Justice.
Appellant Antonio Harris challenges his 2011 convictions for
felony murder and other crimes in connection with the shooting
death of Marcus Simpson and the non-fatal shootings of Kingston
Ridley and Kenneth Williams. Appellant contends that the trial
court erred in failing to grant his motion for directed verdict of
acquittal and that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel.
We affirm. 1
1 The crimes occurred on July 1, 2008. On February 2, 2010, a Fulton
County grand jury indicted Appellant, Geno West, and Rontryuas Harris for
malice murder, felony murder, three counts of aggravated assault with a
deadly weapon, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony.
Appellant was also charged with possession of a firearm by a first offender
probationer. At a joint trial in September 2011, the jury acquitted Appellant of
malice murder but found him guilty of the remaining charges, and the trial
court sentenced him to serve life in prison for felony murder and a total of 50
years in prison to be served consecutively for the aggravated assaults of Ridley
1. Viewed in the light most favorable to the jury’s verdicts, the
evidence at trial showed the following. In April 2008, Appellant, a
first offender probationer, rented one side of a duplex on Fletcher
Street in Fulton County. The following month, Appellant and his
younger brother, Rontryuas Harris, hired Victor Powell to illegally
run a cable television line to Appellant’s side of the duplex. Powell
climbed a nearby utility pole and connected the main cable line to a
line going to Appellant’s side of the duplex. Several weeks later,
Appellant complained to Powell that the cable was not working.
Powell returned to the duplex, climbed back up the utility pole, and
saw that the main cable line had been connected to a line going to
the other side of the duplex, where Ridley lived with his girlfriend
Terica Marable and her children. Powell disconnected the main
and Williams and the firearm possession counts; the other aggravated assault
count merged. The jury acquitted Rontryuas on all counts, and we affirmed
West’s convictions for felony murder and other crimes in West v. State, 306 Ga.
783 (833 SE2d 501) (2019). On September 30, 2011, Appellant filed a motion
for new trial, which he amended with new counsel on January 15, 2020. After
an evidentiary hearing, on October 29, 2020, the trial court denied the motion.
Appellant filed a notice of appeal directed to the Court of Appeals, which
properly transferred the case to this Court on March 20, 2021. The case was
docketed here to the August 2021 term and submitted for decision on the briefs.
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cable line and reconnected it to the line going to Appellant’s side of
the duplex. Ridley then came outside and asked Powell to hook the
cable back up, but Powell refused to do so unless Ridley paid him.
Later that evening, Appellant called Powell to report that the cable
was once again not working.
On the evening of July 1, 2008, Ridley, Simpson, Williams, and
two other men were sitting on the front porch of Ridley’s side of the
duplex drinking beer and eating pizza. Appellant and his cousin,
Geno West, came out of Appellant’s unit, and one of them said, “Why
y’all motherf**kers tear down our cable?” Ridley responded, “Ain’t
nobody took none of your cable.” Appellant and West then pulled out
guns and started shooting at Ridley and his friends, who were not
armed. Simpson was hit in the head and torso, killing him. Ridley
was hit in the thigh, and Williams was hit in the knee.
At trial Ridley and Williams both testified that Appellant and
West shot at Ridley, Williams, and Simpson that night. Six 9
millimeter cartridge cases that were fired from one gun and five .380
cartridge cases that were fired from a second gun were recovered
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from the scene.
Appellant testified at trial as follows: On the night of the
shooting, he was armed and selling drugs out of an apartment a few
blocks from the duplex when Rontryuas called and asked Appellant
to let some of Rontryuas’ friends use Appellant’s apartment on
Fletcher Street. West rode with him to the duplex, and Appellant
left his gun in the car while he went up onto his front porch and let
Rontryuas’ friends inside. Appellant then sat in a chair on the porch
on his side of the duplex and was talking on his cell phone with the
mother of his child when he heard Ridley say, “Man[,] f**k y’all
pu**y a** ni**as,” followed by the sound of gunfire. He did not know
who was shooting but he immediately ran, hid behind his car until
the shooting stopped, and then got into his car and left; he claimed
that he did not know where West went. Appellant acknowledged
that he went into hiding when his mother told him that the police
were looking for him in connection with the shooting. On cross-
examination, Appellant admitted that when he was arrested in
February 2009, he gave the arresting officers a fake name and date
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of birth.
2. Appellant contends that the trial court erred in denying his
motion for directed verdict of acquittal at the close of the State’s
case, because the evidence was legally insufficient to support his
convictions. We review the denial of a directed verdict of acquittal
under the same standard that we use to evaluate the sufficiency of
the evidence to support a conviction. See Smith v. State, 304 Ga. 752,
754 (822 SE2d 220) (2018) (citation omitted); see also Stratacos v.
State, 293 Ga. 401, 412 (748 SE2d 828) (2013). When properly
viewed in the light most favorable to the verdicts, the evidence
presented at trial and summarized above was sufficient to authorize
a rational jury to find Appellant guilty of the crimes for which he
was convicted. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (99 SCt
2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979); Vega v. State, 285 Ga. 32, 33 (673 SE2d
223) (2009) (“‘It was for the jury to determine the credibility of the
witnesses and to resolve any conflicts or inconsistencies in the
evidence.’” (citation omitted)). See also OCGA § 16-2-20 (defining
parties to a crime); Charleston v. State, 292 Ga. 678, 680-681 (743
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SE2d 1) (2013) (explaining that participation in a crime may be
inferred from association prior to, during, and after the crime).
Moreover, contrary to Appellant’s argument, it was not necessary
for the State to prove that Appellant personally fired the shots that
killed Simpson. See Moore v. State, 311 Ga. 506, 509 (858 SE2d 676)
(2021). Under OCGA §16-2-20, “even if someone else . . . fired the
fatal shot, it is clear that [Appellant] and that individual joined in
the attack on the victim; thus [Appellant] is criminally responsible
for the injuries inflicted on the victim.” Garrett v. State, 288 Ga. 269,
271 (702 SE2d 875) (2010) (citation and punctuation omitted). Since
both Ridley and Williams testified that Appellant joined West and
shot at them and Simpson, the jury was authorized to conclude that
Appellant was at least a party to the crime.
3. Appellant also contends he was denied the effective
assistance of counsel. To prevail on this claim, Appellant must prove
both deficient performance by his counsel and resulting prejudice.
See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 694 (104 SCt 2052,
80 LE2d 674) (1984). To establish prejudice, a defendant must show
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“a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional
errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine
confidence in the outcome.” Id. at 694. We need not address both
components of the inquiry if a defendant makes an insufficient
showing on one. See id. at 697.
Appellant argues that his trial counsel was constitutionally
deficient in failing to investigate whether the shots that killed
Simpson were fired from Appellant’s gun. As noted above, however,
it was not necessary for the State to prove that Appellant personally
fired the fatal shots for him to be convicted of felony murder. In any
event, at the motion for new trial hearing, Appellant did not present
any evidence to establish what a hypothetical investigation by his
counsel would have shown, much less that it would have been
helpful to his defense. Thus, Appellant has failed to prove prejudice,
even if trial counsel’s investigation were actually deficient. See Long
v. State, 309 Ga. 721, 728 (848 SE2d 91) (2020) (holding that in order
to establish prejudice from counsel’s failure to adequately
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investigate, a defendant must “‘at least make a proffer as to what
additional investigation would have uncovered’” (citation omitted)).
Accordingly, Appellant’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim fails.
Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur.
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