The question in this case is, whether the qualified liability of an individual member of a manufacturing corporation is a debt which may be proved against the estate of an insolvent debtor, under the insolvent law, St. 1838, c. 163. The third section states particularly what demands may be proved ; viz. “ All debts due and payable from such debtor.” Provision is made for debts payable at a future day, payable on certain contingencies, and demands for goods wrongfully taken ; but these provisions do not affect the present case. If the legal liability of Waite, the insolvent, was not a "debt,” it was not proveable against his estate.
The liability of individual corporators depends on the several ácts of incorporation ; and as these were severally made subject to the provisions of the several acts in force when they were passed, the liability of the members of each depends on the acts in force when it passed. The Athol Manufacturing Company was incorporated in June 1814, and made subject to the provisions of St. 1808, c. 65. None of the subsequent acts, modifying, the powers and duties of manufacturing corporations, ex tended to this company.
The construction uniformly put upon St. 1808, c. 65, § 6, has been, that it was a new remedy, given by statute, and as the mode of pursuing it was specially pointed out, that mode must be pursued ; that it did not create a legal liability to be enforced by an action. Leland v. Marsh, 16 Mass. 389. In Child v. Coffin, 17 Mass. 64, it was held not to extend so as to charge the estate of a deceased stockholder, who had died before the action was commenced. In Ripley v. Sampson, 10 Pick. 371, it was held that said statute did not render the estate of a deceased corporator liable for the debts of the corporation. This was decided on the ground that the individual liability under the statute was of a particular and limited character, which could only be enforced in the manner pointed out in the statute. If it had constituted a “ debt,” it would hate been a charge on the estate of the deceased stockholder, under the general law. On similar grounds, it was held in Andrews v. Callender, 13 Pick 490, and also in Cutler v. Middlesex Fuctory Co. 14 Pick 483 *63that the estate of a deceased stockholder s not liable, in an action against his administrator, for assessments. These cases are not to be considered as applying to members of manufacturing companies, which were incorporated after St. 1821, c. 38, which declared a more general and complete liability of individual members of manufacturing corporations, thereafter to be estab lished, leaving such liability to be enforced conformably to the general rules of law. s
The court are of opinion, that these cases settle the principle, upon which the present case must be decided. They establish the rule, that the qualified liability of members of manufacturing corporations, under St. 1808, c. 65, did not constitute a debt, to which such member was liable. The only ground on which the appellant in this case seeks to maintain his claim, is, that Waite, the insolvent, was his debtor. It appears that he recovered judgment against the Athol Manufacturing Company, of which Waite was a member, and for the satisfaction of which Waite was subject to a qualified liability. But before any attempt to enforce that liability by attachment or service of an execution, and before any demand made on him, Waite, by a legal course of proceeding, was declared insolvent, and the whole of his property was assigned to the appellee. The appellant’s claim not being a debt, was rightfully rejected by the-judge of probate.