There is nothing on the face of the submission and award in the present case, from which it can be made to appear with certainty against whom the arbitrators intended to make their award. Whether they included two or more persons in the firm of Newton and Thompson, or whether it was composed of William Thompson, or Samuel L. Thompson, or both, is left wholly uncertain. It is true that the court, when the award was returned for acceptance and judgment, undertook to decide this question, received evidence in relation to it, and actually determined who were the members of this firm. But this constitutes one of the chief difficulties in the case. By the provisions of Rev. Sts. c. 114, regulating submissions of this kind, a case is to be tried upon its merits by the arbitrators. Their award is to be returned into court to be accepted, or recommitted, or set aside for any legal and sufficient reason. But the court have no power to hear the cause upon its merits, or to revise the finding of the arbitrators upon questions of fact. The parties, having selected, in the mode provided by law, their own tribunal, must abide by its decisions, subject only to such revision by the court as shall prevent fraud and corruption, and duly guard the legal rights of both parties. The court can have no judicial knowledge of facts proved before the arbitrators, further than they are made to appear by the terms of the submission and award. Applying these familiar principles to the present case, it is very clear that the court erred in admitting evidence for the purpose of determining who were, in fact, the persons composing the firm of Newton and Thompson. If this was really an open question between the parties, it was the province exclusively of the arbitrators to decide it, because, upon its determination, the liability of the individual persons to perform the award depended. For aught that appears, it was fully considered and decided by them. If the court are permitted to go into the inquiry again, they may arrive at a different result from that found by the arbitrators, and may revise and even reverse their decision upon the point. *116It might then happen, that, in this way, an award, intended by the arbitrators to operate against one set of persons as members of a firm, might be made to take effect against other and different persons. It is obvious, that any such rule of proceeding would lead to a confusion of the rights and obligations of parties. Nor is this all. The entire course of the trial may have been influenced by the finding of the arbitrators on this single point. The competency of evidence, and the declarations and admissions of parties, may have turned upon this question. It would be quite impossible, therefore, to reopen this part of the case without going into the entire merits of the whole case and trying it anew. This the court have no power to do.
Besides; in the present case, the court did not confine their inquiry to the point of ascertaining whom the arbitrators found to have composed said firm. If they had, the objection to the proceeding would have been of less weight. But they went into the question of copartnership upon distinct and independent evidence, for the purpose of determining who were its members, wholly irrespective of any finding of the arbitrators on this point. We are, therefore, of the opinion that the court went quite beyond their province in this particular, and that the defendants are entitled to maintain their exceptions on this ground.
But there is another view of the case, not connected with the proceedings or rulings of the court, which seems to us to be fatal to the validity of the submission, and to any award which may be rendered thereon. By Rev. Sts. c. 114, a submission in due form before a magistrate, is made the basis upon which all subsequent proceedings in the case are founded. It is a substitute for legal process duly served and returned, by which parties are usually brought before courts of justice, and to which they must appear and plead. It is made by the statute, the act of both parties, by means of which they voluntarily appear, and submit to the jurisdiction of a tribunal of their own selection. It is inconsistent with the whole scope and purpose of the statute, that there should be any controversy or doubt as to the parties to the proceed*117ing. As the submission presupposes the assent and presence of both parties, either in person or by attorney, as essential to its due execution and validity, it cannot be in accordance with the statute that it should be left doubtful on the face of the submission who constitute the parties thereto. More especially is this so, inasmuch as the submission furnishes the only basis which the court can have, upon which to render judgment after an award is returned and accepted. If the submission does not show the names of all the parties, the court cannot know for or against whom to render its judgment. It cannot have judicial knowledge of the parties, as in the case of legal process, regularly before them, to which both parties have appeared and pleaded; nor can it safely and properly inquire who were intended to be the parties to it, for the reasons already given. The submission is not certain to a reasonable intent when it fails to show who were the parties to it, and cannot form the basis of any proper judgment of the court. We are therefore of the opinion that the submission in the present case, for this reason, is defective, and cannot avail either of the parties. Exceptions sustained.