Many of the questions raised in this case were fully considered by us, and settled in the case of Holyoke Bank v. Goodman Paper Manufacturing Company & others, 9 Cush. 576. The questions remaining, and peculiar to this case are; 1. What was the character of the ownership of the eleven shares of the stock of the Goodman Paper Manufacturing Company held by the defendant Charles T. Burnham ? 2. What was the effect of the retransfer of the same by the defendant to Joseph Burnham on the 16th July, 1851 ? 3. Whether members of a manufacturing corporation are by Rev. Sts. c. 38, § 16, liable for debts contracted before they became members, and which become due and payable at a period after they have ceased to be members ?
*187As to the first question, it seems to us quite clear that as regards the creditors of the corporation, the defendant is to be considered as an absolute owner of the eleven shares of stock standing in his name. Such is the form of the certificate he received, and such the relation he assumed to the other stockholders and to the public. Assuming this relation, he takes with it all the liabilities attached thereto. The private arrangement between the defendant and Joseph Burnham does not change the character of the ownership, so long as the stock remained in the name and under the legal control of the defendant, however it might qualify or justify a retransfer at any period when deemed for the interest of the defendant. If it had been the purpose to transfer the stock to the defendant merely as collateral, and to have exonerated the defendant from any liability beyond that of holding the shares as collateral security, the form of transfer should have corresponded with the provisions of St. 1838, c. 98, § 3.
As to the second question, the right of the defendant to i e-transfer to Joseph Burnham the eleven shares at any time, and thus devest himself of subsequent liability arising from lis holding stock, the contract between these parties made at the time of the transfer, authorizing such retransfer at the election of the parties at any time within two years, becomes materia,!, and we are of opinion that under such agreement made at the time of the first transfer, and the retransfer being only an a3t in execution of it, it is not obnoxious to the charge-of having been done in fraud of creditors, although its leading object and purpose might have been on the part of the defendant 1o avoid liability as a member of said corporation. Having received these shares from Joseph Burnham, who was at the time of the transfer to the defendant the person liable as a member thereon, and having, in pursuance of an original condition in the agreement of sale, restored the ownership of the shares to his vendor, we think he was discharged from all new liabilities arising after the retransfer on 16th July," 1851. It is unnecessary to consider, therefore, the general question, how far persons owning shares in a manufacturing company may, by transferring them to some third person with a view to avoid *188liability as such owner to the creditors, effectually do so, in the absence of such original contract for a retransfer. The effect of the conveyance of these eleven shares by the defendant to Joseph Burnham on the 16th July, was, therefore, such as to devest him of all new accruing liability after that date. It leaves him liable as a member of the company from the 12th April to the 16th July, 1851.
The further inquiry is, what is that liability in reference to the debts due to the plaintiffs from the Goodman Paper Manufacturing Company ? The five notes sought to be recovered of the defendant, as an individual member, were, with one exception, given during the period he was a member, but none of them were due or payable until a period subsequent to his ceasing to be a member. One of the notes, for the sum of $500, was given April 4th, 1851, payable four months after date. The date of the writ in the present case is August 30th, 1851.
In regard to all these notes, therefore, no liability attaches to the defendant on the ground that he was a member of the corporation at the time the notes were payable, or that he was a member when the suit was brought, and so included in the general provision, making members liable. The ground of liability as to the four .notes given after the 12th April is, solely, that he was a member at the time the debts were contracted. This fact being found, the defendant is chargeable as to these notes, under the statute, upon his individual liability ; no certificate having been filed as to the payment of the capital, or any annual statement published of the debts and liabilities of the company, agreeable to the provisions of Rev. Sts. c. 38, §§ 16-22.
The. question is upon the construction of the 16th section, and who are included in the terms “ all the members of every manufacturing company.” That the statute embraces all persons who are members at the time when the liability is to be enforced, was settled by the case of Curtis v. Harlow, 12 Met. 5. It also embraces all persons who were members of the company at the time of contracting the debt. Such seems to have been the construction of similar provisions in St. *1891829, c. 53, § 6. Mill Dam Fowndery v. Hovey, 21 Pick. 454 To the extent of charging the defendant for debts contracted during the period of his membership, the plaintiffs may enforce their claim against the defendant as a member of the corporation.
As to the note given on April 4th, 1851, a further question arises. This debt was contracted before the defendant became a member of the corporation, and was not payable until after the period when he ceased to be a member. Neither the cases above cited, nor any decisions of this court, so far as we know, presented the question upon a state of facts like those occurring in the present case. Upon consideration as to the proper construction of the statute, the court are of opinion, that as the defendant was not a member of the "corporation at the time this note was given, or when it became by its terms due and payable, nor at the time of the institution of this suit, he was not in that relation to this note that will subject him to a personal liability thereon under the statute.
■ The result is, that the defendant is liable to be charged as a member of the corporation upon the remaining four notes, and is not chargeable with the note of April 4th, 1851.